Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Computer-Aided Design ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Microsurgery ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Polyesters ; chemistry ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Starch ; chemistry ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Acute Disease ; Adult ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Male

Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; immunology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-12 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

Background: We estimated the incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in China in 2010 according to the data of 145 domestic population-based cancer registries in 2014, and no such reports since then. Hence, to further and better understand its epidemiology in China and to provide more precise scientific information for its control and prevention in China, we analyzed the NPC incidence and mortality of 255 domestic population-based cancer registries, and estimated the national rates in 2013 again. Methods: NPC incidence and mortality data of 255 domestic cancer registries in 2013, accepted by the 2016 National Cancer Registry Annual Report, were collected and collated, and the indices of NPC such as the numbers of new cases and deaths, crude rates, age-standardized rates, and truncated rates of incidence and mortality were calculated and analyzed. The incidence and mortality in China and its constituent areas were estimated according to the national population in 2013. Results: An estimated 42,100 new cases and 21,320 deaths were attributed to NPC in China in 2013, accounting for 1.14% of all new cancer cases and 0.96% of all cancer-related deaths that year in China. Crude incidence and mortal-ity of NPC were 3.09/100,000 and 1.57/100,000, respectively. World age-standardized incidence and mortality were 2.17/100,000 and 1.08/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality of males were obviously higher than those of females and slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among seven Chinese administrative regions, NPC incidence and mortality were obviously higher in South China than in other regions and lowest in North China. Top 3 incidence and mortality provinces and registering areas all located in South China. The age-specific incidence and mortality rose quickly from age 25–29 and 35 to 39 years, respectively, peaked at different ages and varied by location. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that NPC incidence and mortality in China in 2013 were also at high levels worldwide, which suggested that its control and prevention should be enhanced.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of activated T cell on the ability of MSC to differentiate into osteoblasts. The activated T cells with MSCs were co-culture for 14 days, then the osteoblast formation was tested by alkaline phosphatase staining. Furthermore, the supernatant of activated T cell was added in culture system of MSCs, the expression of molecules related with immune regulation of activated T cells was detected by RT-PCR, so as to determine what kinds of cytokine displayed the important function in MSC differentiation. The result showed that activated T cell could promote differentiation of MSC into osteoblasts, and IL-1beta played an important role in the effect of activated T cells on MSCs, while TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 were not. It is concluded that the activated T cells promote the differentiation of MSCs to osteoblasts. The interactive influence between MSCs and immune cells can be mediated through cytokines.
Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; biosynthesis ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on dendritic cell (DC) development. First, HUVEC were isolated from human umbilical cord by collagenase digestion, and then the morphology, immunophenotypes and functions were identified. Furthermore, the HUVEC were cocultured with CD14(+) monocytes under the cytokine condition for detecting the influence of HUVEC on differentiation of CD14(+) cells to DC. The phenotype of dendritic cells derived from CD14(+) cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, the immunoregulatory function of DC was tested by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The change of IL-6 and VEGF as well as EPK and p38 signal pathway were analyzed by neutral antibody experiment and Western blot. The results showed that HUVEC isolated from human umbilical cord were characterized by spindle-shaped morphology, homogenous immunophenotypes (vWF(+)CD31(+)CD73(+)CD45(-)HLA-DR(-)CD86(-)CD34(low)), Dil-Ac-LDL incorporation ability and forming capillary-like structures. Following stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin-4 (IL-4), HUVEC cocultures could inhibit the initial differentiation of CD14(+) monocyte to DC. Interestingly, IL-6 and VEGF enhanced the suppression effect of HUVEC on generation of DC via activation of the ERK or p38 mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. It is concluded that HUVEC are involved in DC development and can suppress the differentiation of monocyte to DC.
Cell Differentiation ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Monocytes ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of simvastatin on vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and Bcl-2 protein expression in the aorta in a rat model of atherosclerosis.

METHODSThirty-six rats were randomized into control group (n=10), atherosclerosis model group (n=13) and simvastatin intervention group (n=13). In the latter two groups, rat models of atherosclerosis were established by intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3 combined with high-fat feeding for 6 weeks, and the control rats were fed with regular diet. In the intervention group, the rats were further fed with high-fat diet with daily simvastatin treatment for 4 weeks. After the treatments, the pathological changes and plaque in the thoracic aorta were observed, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was detected with immunohistochemistry. TUNEL assay was used to determine the apoptosis index (AI) of the vascular endothelial cells.

RESULTSCompared with that in the control group, Bcl-2 protein expression in the aorta of atherosclerotic rats was significantly decreased (P<0.05); simvastatin treatment obviously increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein in atherosclerotic rats (P<0.05) to a level similar to that in the control group. The AI was the highest in the model group (P<0.05) and comparable between the control and simvastatin treatment group.

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of simvastatin against atherosclerosis is probably mediated by up-regulation of Bcl-2 protein, which inhibits vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in rats with aortic atherosclerosis.

Background:The Chinese appropriate use criteria (AUC) for coronary revascularization was released in 2016 to improve the use of coronary revascularization.This study aimed to evaluate the association between the appropriateness of coronary revascularization based on the Chinese AUC and 1-year outcomes in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.Methods:We conducted a prospective,multi-center cohort study of stable CAD patients with coronary lesion stenosis ≥50％.After the classification of appropriateness based on Chinese AUC,patients were categorized into the coronary revascularization group or the medical therapy group based on treatment received.The primary outcome was a composite of death,myocardial infarction,stroke,repeated revascularization,and ischemic symptoms with hospital admission.Results:From August 2016 to August 2017,6085 patients were consecutively enrolled.Coronary revascularization was associated with a lower adjusted hazard of 1-year major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs;hazard ratio [HR]:0.62;95％ confidence interval [CI]:0.45-0.86;P =0.004) than medical therapy in patients with appropriate indications (n =1617).No significant benefit in 1-year MACCEs was found after revascularization compared to after medical therapy in patients with uncertain indications (n =2658,HR:0.81;95％ CI:0.52-1.25;P =0.338) and inappropriate indications (n =1810,HR:0.80;95％ CI:0.51-1.23;P=0.308).Contusions:In patients with appropriate indications according to Chinese AUC,coronary revascularization was associated with significantly lower risk of MACCEs at 1 year.No benefit was found in coronary revascularization in patients with inappropriate indications.Our findings provide evidence for using Chinese AUC to guide clinical decision-making.

Solid dispersion, a dispersion system in which drug molecules are highly dispersed in carrier materials, has been commonly used to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. The miscibility between drug and carrier is crucial to improve the dissolution performance and stability of solid dispersion. Therefore, the selection of carrier types and the optimization of drug loading are very important. In the current study, the solubility parameter method and Flory-Huggins theory were used to predict the miscibility between olaparib (OLP) and different carriers (VA64, Soluplus, Plasdone S630 and Kollidon K29/32). Besides, the carrier material with good miscibility was experimentally screened by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optimum of drug-carrier ratio was further performed based on the miscibility phase diagram of drug and carrier. Theoretical calculation and experimental evaluation showed that the miscibility of OLP and VA64 was the best, and the drug loading of 30% could meet the requirements of large drug loading and physical stability. Polarizing light microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, DSC and laser confocal Raman spectroscopy exhibited that OLP was amorphous form in the solid dispersion system. Powder dissolution test demonstrated that the solid dispersion showed significantly enhanced dissolution rate in comparison to crystalline OLP. In this study, theoretical calculation and experimental evaluation were used to screen the types of carriers and optimize the drug loading, which provides an efficient strategy for the selection of carrier and the amount used in solid dispersion.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of apple polyphenols on pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension and its mechanism. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control (Con) group, monocrotaline (MCT) group, apple polyphenol (APP) group,monocrotaline + apple polyphenol (MCT+APP) group. In Con group, rats received a subcutaneous injection of physical saline. In APP group, rats received intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg APP, every other day. In MCT group, rats received a single subcutaneous injection of MCT(60 mg/kg). In MCT+APP group, rats received subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg MCT followed by an intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg APP every other day. All the disposal lasted 3 weeks. Then the PAH-relevant indicators, such as mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) ,wall thickness (WT%) and wall area (WA%) were tested. After that, the inflammatory pathway related indicators, such as interleukin1(IL-1),interleukin1(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2) and myeloperoxidase(MPO) in pulmonary tissue and free intracellular Ca in pulmonary smooth muscle cell(PASMC), content of eNOS and NO in endothelial cells were determined. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the levels of mPAP, PVR, RVHI, WA%, WT%, and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, MPO in tissue and the expression of Ca in PASMC of MCT group were increased significantly, while the contents of eNOS and NO in endothelial cells were decreased significantly (P＜0.05). Compared with the MCT group, the apple polyphenol treatment could improve the above mentioned situation, and the COX-2 and Ca indicators of the apple polyphenol treatment group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION MCT can increase COX-2 expression and intracellular Ca in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, decrease the contents of eNOS and NO in endothelial cells, while apple polyphenols can significantly inhibit these effects.
Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Malus ; chemistry ; Monocrotaline ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Polyphenols ; pharmacology ; Pulmonary Artery ; drug effects ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Vascular Remodeling ; drug effects