In this study, we applied generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to conditional fluctuation characteristics of heart rate variation (HRV) series (congestive heart failure, Normal), with all the data from PhysioNet ECG database. Research results proved the existence of condition fluctuation characteristic in the series of changing rate of HRV. In the GARCH model family, threshold GARCH (1,1)(TGARCH (1,1)) model performs best in fitting changing rate of HRV. Although the structure of ARCH (1) model is simple, its error is the closest to that of TGARCH (1, 1) model. The results also showed that the difference was obvious between disease group and normal group. All these results provide a new method to the research and clinical application of HRV.
Cardiology ; trends ; Heart Failure ; physiopathology ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Models, Cardiovascular

Objective To investigate HR-MR imaging characteristics of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of the orbits in extraconal compartment. Methods The HR-MR images of 16 patients with NHL of the orbits identified pathologically were retrospectively analyzed. MRI of the orbit at a 1.5 T scanner was performed with 4-cm surface coil, thin slice, suitable bandwidth, small FOV, and large matrix. T1-weighted (before and after i.v. bolus injection of contrast medium) and fast spin-echo T2-weighted sequences were acquired in all patients. All cases were performed with fat suppression techniques. The analyzed criteria of imaging appearance included location, number, size, shape, margins, extension, adjacent structures, and signal intensity of the lesions. Results The lesions in 13 of 16 cases located in anterior part of extraconal compartment, posterior to the orbital septum, and with irregular cast shape. The other 3 patients showed diffuse lesions with infiltration in extraconal compartment and with irregular shape. Eleven lesions had the large volume above 3.0 ml, 4 lesions with medium volume ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 ml, and only one with small volume less than 1.0 ml. 13 cases had a poor-defined margin with infiltration of extraocular muscles, but without mechanical shift of the muscles. 7 patients had infiltration of eyeball, but only 3 cases with exophthalmos. Destruction of orbital bone was evident in 2 cases with diffuse lesions but never in isolated orbital lymphoma. On the T_1-weighted images, the signal intensity of the lymphoma was isointense compared with that of the muscle in all patients. The T_2-weighted fast SE images showed a hyperintense signal in 13 cases and intermediate in 3 cases. All lesions enhanced after intravenous Gd-DTPA administration, 15 cases with homogeneous enhancement, and 10 cases with reliably visible enhancement in the T_1-weighted fat-suppressed sequences. Conclusion Most NHL of the orbits in extraconal compartment have the characteristic findings on HR-MR imaging, including anterior part of extraconal compartment location, posterior to the orbital septum, irregular cast shape, large volume, poor-defined margin with infiltration but without mechanical shift of extraocular muscles, uniform signal characteristics and marked enhancement after injection of contrast medium, and without bony destruction in isolated orbital lymphoma. The understanding of HR-MRI features of orbital NHL in extraconal compartment is very useful for making the differential diagnosis with other orbital diseases.

In order to develop a protocol for clinical grade generation of dendritic cells (DCs) for cancer immunotherapy, aphereses were performed with the continuous flow cell separator and materials were derived from 10 leukemia patients that had achieved complete remission. Peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in vitro with GM-CSF, IL-4 for 6 days, then TNF-(the TNF-group) or TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, PGE2 (the cytokine mixture group) were added to promote maturation. Cell number was counted by hematology analyzer, and phenotype study (CD1a, CD14, CD83) was carried out by flow cytometry, and the function of DCs was examined by mixed lymphocyte reaction. The results showed that (0.70+/-0.13)x10(7)/mL (the TNF-alpha group) and (0.79+/-0.04)x10(7)/mL (the cytokine mixture group) DCs were generated respectively in peripheral blood obtained by leucapheresis. The phenotypes were as follows: CD1a+ (74.65+/-4.45)%, CD83+ (39.50+/-4.16)%, CD14+ (2.90+/-1.76)% in TNF-alpha group, and CD1a+ (81.86+/-5.87)%, CD83+ (81.65+/-6.36)%, CD14+ (2.46+/-1.68)% in the cytokine mixture group. It was concluded that leucapheresis may be a feasible way to provide large number of peripheral blood monocytes for DC generation, and combined administration of TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2 may greatly promote maturity.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors of massive blood loss in resection of giant liver hemangioma.Method The clinical data of 141 patients who underwent giant liver hemangioma resection were retrospectively studied.These data included general physical condition,laboratory tests,radiologic findings,and various surgical parameters.The patients were divided into the massive blood loss group (＞ 1 000 ml,n =27) and the minor blood loss group (≤1 000 ml,n =114).Logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors of intraoperative massive blood loss.Results The average diameter of the liver hemangioma was significantly greater in the massive blood loss group than that in the minor blood loss group [(21.7 ± 8.5) cm vs.(14.1 ± 5.3) cm,P ＜ 0.05].The incidences of preoperative leukopenia,anemia,thrombocytopenia and prolonged prothrombin time were higher in the massive blood loss group than that in the minor blood loss group (48.1％ vs.16.7％,37.0％ vs.11.4％,25.9％ vs.3.5％,22.2％ vs.3.5％,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Hepatic hemangioma with compressed hepatic veins,inferior vena cava and porta hepatis were more frequently found in the massive blood loss group than in the minor blood group (55.6％ vs.14.9％,44.4％ vs.14.0％,55.6％ vs.12.3％,respectively,all P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a diameter of hemangioma greater than 15 cm was a risk factor of intraoperative massive blood loss during surgical resection.Conclusions Giant hepatic hemangioma may cause disorders in the hematological and coagulation systems.Compression of major hepatic vessels raised technical difficulty and risks in surgery.Hemangioma with a diameter greater than 15 cm was recognized as a high-risk factor of intraoperative massive blood loss.

Objective To analyze the differences between benign and potential malignant small pancreatic cystic lesions.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data of asymptomatic patients with pancreatic small cystic lesions and divided them into benign group (including serous cystic neoplasms,lymphoepithelial cyst and pseudocyst) and potential malignant group (including mucinous cystic neoplasms,intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms).Comparison of clinical data was made between the two groups.Results 46 patients with pathological results were included (22 cases in benign group and 24 cases in potential malignant group).No difference was detected on demographic data and lab results between the two groups.Compared with benign patients,patients in the potential malignant group were more likely to show thicken wall (P =0.000),mural nodule (P =0.000),solid constituents inside the cyst (P =0.001),wall enhancement (P =0.003) and uneven wall on CT scan (P =0.024).The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the combination of above mentioned CT features for potential malignant diseases were 91.7％,77.3％ and 84.8％,respectively.Conclusions Pancreatic cystic lesions with thicken wall,mural nodule,wall enhancement,solid parts inside the cyst and uneven wall on CT were more likely of potential malignant entities.

AIMTo study the structure and crystal forms of chlorobenzylidine.

METHODSKarl Fischer titrimetry, FTIR, thermal analysis, single and powder X-ray diffraction were used for the studies of the structure of chlorobenzylidine and for the identification of two forms of chlorobenzylidine.

RESULTSChlorobenzylidine and its diastereoisomer have been studied in this article. They can be distinguished by their different melting points. Two crystal forms of chlorobenzylidine (form A and form B) have also been detected and studied. Form A was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, it crystallized in the triclinic system, space group P1(-), with two formula units per cell, is monohydrate. Karl Fischer titrimetry, FTIR, thermal analysis and powder X-ray diffraction were used for identification of the two forms.

CONCLUSIONThe studies of structure and crystal forms of chlorobenzylidine are very useful for the clinical research and the selection of recrystallization process.

Objective To analyze the clinical experience of laparoscopic surgery for giant liver hemangiomas.Methods The clinical data of 40 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for giant liver hemangiomas from August 2012 to January 2018 in the China-Japan Friendship Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The diameters of the liver hemangiomas were more than 10 cm for all the patients.The liver functions of all the patients were Child-Pugh class A.The follow-up was up to the end of February 2018.Results Laparoscopic treatment of giant liver hemangioma was successfully performed in 37 patients.Three patients were converted to open hepatectomy.The mean diameter of the giant liver hemangiomas was (10.8± 1.3) cm (ranged 10.0～15.0 cm).The mean operative time for laparoscopic therapy was (154.7±68.0) min (range 70～ 390 min).The mean intraoperative blood loss was 200 (100 ～ 400) ml.20 patients received autologous blood transfusion.Of these 2 patients received in addition allogeneic blood transfusion.The postoperative hospital stay was (6.9t2.0) days (range 4～14 days).Postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients (8.1％).Two patients developed postoperative pleural effusion and one pelvic effusion.Two patients responded well to puncture drainage and one to conservation management.There was no postoperative hemorrhage,bile leakage or air embolism.All patients were followed-up and no liver hemangioma recurrence was detected.Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery was a safe and efficacious procedure in selected patients with giant liver hemangioma.

In order to develop a protocol for clinical grade generation of dendritic cells (DCs) for cancer immumotherapy, aphereses were performed with the continuous flow cell separator and materials were derived from 10 leukemia patients that had achieved complete remission. Peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in vitro with GM-CSF, IL-4 for 6 days, then TNF-α (the TNF-α group) or TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 (the cytokine mixture group) were added to promote maturation. Cell number was counted by hematology analyzer, and phenotype study (CD1a, CD14, CD83) was carried out by flow cytometry, and the function of DCs was examined by mixed lymphocyte reaction. The results showed that (0.70±0.13)×107/mL (the TNF-α group) and (0.79±0.04)×107/mL (the cytokine mixture group) DCs were generated respectively in peripheral blood obtained by leucapheresis. The phenotypes were as follows: CD1a+ (74.65±4.45)%, CD83+(39.50±4.16)%, CD14+(2.90±1.76)% in TNF-α group, and CD1a+ (81.86±5.87)%, CD83+ (81.65±6.36)%, CD14+ (2.46±1.68)% in the cytokine mixture group. It was concluded that leucapheresis may be a feasible way to provide large number of peripheral blood monocytes for DC generation, and combined administration of TNF-α, IL-1β,IL-6, and PGE2 may greatly promote maturity.

Siegesbeckia pubescens (SP) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of and inflammatory diseases.However,the activities of SP against hepatocellular carcinoma and the related mechanisms remain unclear.The present study aimed to examine the effects of the essential oil of SP (SPEO) on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the possible mechanisms.The growth inhibition of HepG2 cells was analyzed by MTT assay.Hoechst 33258 and fluorescence microscopy were utilized to observe the nuclear morphological changes of apoptotic cells.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle.The expressions of the target proteins were detected by Western blotting.The results showed that SPEO obviously inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.SPEO activated a series of apoptotic proteins in HepG2 cells,increasing expression levels of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9,and decreasing the bcl-2 expression level.SPEO displayed promising anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activities in vitro,partly by inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells through activating the mitochondrial pathway.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of disability acceptance in patients with spinal cord injury, and analyze the correlation between alexithymia and disability acceptance.Methods:The convenience sampling method was used to select 276 patients with spinal cord injury admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from October 2018 to June 2020 as the research objects. The general information questionnaire, the Toronto Alexitymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Acceptance of Disability Scale (ADS) was used to conduct the survey, Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between alexitymia and disability acceptance in patients with spinal cord injury, hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the factors that affect the disability acceptance of patients with spinal cord injury.Results:The total score of ADS of 276 patients with spinal cord injury was (172.68 ± 37.72) points, and the total score of TAS-20 was (55.60 ± 9.49) points. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that all dimensions and total score of TAS-20 were negatively correlated with all dimensions and total score of ADS ( r values were -0.821--0.101, all P<0.05). The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that gender, course of disease, post-injury working status were the risk factors of disability acceptance ( P<0.05), and alexithymia was the protective factor of disability acceptance( P<0.05), gender, course of disease, post-injury working status and alexithymia level could jointly explain the 22.1% variation in disability acceptance in patients with spinal cord injury. Conclusions:The disability acceptance of patients with spinal cord injury is at a moderate level, and alexitymia is negatively correlated with disability acceptance. alexitymia, gender, course of disease, and post-injury work status are the influencing factors of disability acceptance of patients with spinal cord injury.