Objective To investigate the effects of ropivavaine on gamma -aminobutyric acid(GABA)-activated membrane cur-rents in isolated dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons of the rats with ischiadic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) and to discuss the possible analgesia mechanism of ropivacaine .Methods The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record and compare the changes of GABA receptor activation currents of acute isolated DRG neurons after 30 s of ropivacaine preperfusion in the oper-ating side and the operative opposite side of the CCI model rats and the sham-operation group .Results (1)Compared with the oper-ative opposite side ,the sham-operation group and the control group ,the thermal withdrawal latency in the operative side group of the CCI model rats was notablely shortened(P<0 .05);(2)the amplitude of GABA-activated currents with different concentration GABA(0 .1-1 000μmol/L) in the operative opposite side group of the CCI operation was significantly greater than that of the op-erative side group and the sham-opeartion group ;(3)DRG neurons after ropivacaine preperfusion (0 .1-1 000μmol /L) showed va-rying degrees of enhancement effect on the 100 μmol/L GABA-activated currents ,the enhancement amplitude in the CCI operative opposite side group was significantly greater than that in the operative side group and the sham-operation group ;(4)The dose-re-sponse curve of DRG neurons GABA (0 .1-1 000μmol/L) activated current in the operative side group of the CCI rats after ropiva-caine pre-perfusion (100 μmol/L) was shifted to the left ,the difference between two EC50 had no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Ropivacaine has the enhancement effect on GABA activated currents in the DRG neurons of the CCI model rats , which could be one of reasons for ropivacaine producing the anesthetic and analgesic effect .

Objective To investigate the effects of midazolam on GABAA receptor-activated currents in isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in rats.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes,weighing 200-250 g,aged 4 weeks,were used in the study.The DRG neurons were isolated and GABAA receptor-activated currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique.GABAA receptor-activated currents were recorded after administration of the mixture of midazolam 3.00 μmol/L (final concentration)and the different final concentrations (0.03,0.10,1.00,10.00,100.00 and 1000.00 μmol/L) of GABA,after different concentrations of midazolam (0.03,0.10,1.00,3.00,10.00 and 100.00 μmol/L) was given,after administration of the mixture of different final concentrations(0.03,0.10,1.00,3.00,10.00 and 100.00 μmol/L) of midazolam and GABA 100.00 μmol/L (final concentration),and after administration of the mixture of midazolam 1.00μmol/L (final concentration) and GABA 100.00 μmol/L (final concentration)at the preset time points of perfusion with different concentrations of midazolam (0,20,40,60 and 120 s of perfusion).The enhancement rate of the currents was calculated.Results No change in the membrane currents was found after midazolam was perfused in the neurons sensitive to GABA.GABAA receptor-activated currents were enhanced after administration of the mixture of different concentrations of GABA and midazolam.GABAA receptor-activated currents were enhanced after different concentrations of midazolam were given compared with that before administration,and the enhancement rate of the GABAA receptoractivated currents was gradually increased with the increase in the concentration of midazolam and reached the peak at the concentration of 3.00 μmol/L.The enhancement rate of the GABAA receptor-activated currents was gradually increased with the prolongation of perfusion time and peaked at 40 s of perfusion.Conclusion Midazolam can enhance the GABAA receptor-activated currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons,indicating that midazolam increases the role of GABA through increasing the activity of GABAA receptors and has analgesic effect at the spinal cord level.

To further explore the clinical effect of massage therapy on navel,the related ancient literatures were arranged and analyzed,and several methods in ancient clinical were introduced, including stroking navel, rubbing navel, pushing navel, tapping navel and puffing navel. In addition, the theoretical basis of massage therapy on navel were discussed. The results revealed ancient literatures offered abundant theoretical basis to modern clinical practice, and there were evidences of treating gastroenteric and gynecological diseases with this therapy. Comprehensively, through the study of ancient literatures and modern research, therapy of massage on navel is believed to be promising and will gain popularity in the future.
China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Massage ; history ; Medicine in Literature ; Umbilicus ; physiopathology

In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),abnormal and diseased conditions have been defined as Zheng Hou, a unique disease definition system in the context of holism. For over 3000 years the main clinical treatment method for TCM therapeutics has been so called Fang-ji, a TCM medicinal formula usually composed of several herbs and medical materials. The compositions of Fang-ji are based on the clinical practice under the guidelines of "bian-zheng-lun-zhi" and the principles of "Jun-chen-zuo-shi". Each Zheng is treated with a correspondingly-individualized Fang-ji.The modern approach to the study of Fang-ji pharmacology,however,has been focusing on the isolation and identification of individual active components for cellular and molecular targets. Although this approach has led to the development of many new monomers purified from Fang-ji as new drugs widely used in clinical practice such as the an-timalarial artemsinin,which has earned a Nobel Prize,the pharmacological bases of these purified effective monomers or active components have lost the TCM characteristics and are far different from the phar-macological theory and clinical applications of Fang-ji,in terms of the principles of"bian-zheng-lun-zhi"and "Jun-chen-zuo-shi". Here we introduce the emerging pharmacophenophenics as a systematical paradigm for the pharmacological study of Fang-ji.Pharmacophenomics studies the orchestrated multi-target pharmacology of combination therapy.With well-defined molecular mechanisms of Zheng Hou at the level of multi-omics and a suite of new phenomics technologies and platforms, the pharmacophe-nomics may be used to characterize the drug-response phenome of Fang-ji and to identify the corre-sponding multiple therapeutic targets according to the TCM theory of Jun-chen-zuo-shi.Pharmacophe-nomic study of Fang-ji will also lay a theoretical foundation for the new science of precision medicine.

Drying is the critical link during pharmaceutical process of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is directly related to the quality of drugs. The key to technology upgrading of pharmaceutical equipment in Chinese materia medica enterprise is the development of new drying techniques, which concerns the modernization of TCM. The study provides new ideas for the drying technology and equipment by means of reviewing the research status of drying process for the traditional Chinese medicinal materials and preparations, and analyzing the traditional and modern drying methods and equipment, as well as their existing problems and corresponding measures for the drying processes and equipment. In addition, this paper expounds the development trend of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and preparations of drying process and equipment.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; instrumentation ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic reason of orthodontic patients in Luzhou.

METHODSA questionnaire investigation was made for the following randomly chosen people: 452 teenage patients from orthodontic department of stomatology hospital affiliated to Luzhou Medical College were brought into treatment group. 600 students from Luzhou No. 2 Middle School were brought into non-treatment group. The questionnaire investigation was conducted to two groups. The results were statistically analysed with SPSS 10.0.

RESULTS(1) The main aim for orthodontic treatment was to align the teeth. (2) 37.39% of the patients accepted orthodontic treatment for parent's demand. (3) 76.1% of the patients expected to align the dentition. (4) Most people in treatment group could accept the time and expenses in the orthodontic treatment, but most people of non-treatment group could not accept the expenses in the orthodontic treatment. (5) Most people thought appearance was important.

CONCLUSIONAesthetic is the main reason for orthodontic patients.

Adolescent ; Dentition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Orthodontics, Corrective

BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether the outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) during off-hours are as favorable as those treated during on-hours, especially those with a first medical contact-to-device (FMC-to-device) time within 90 min. We aimed to determine whether off-hours admission impacted late outcomes in patients undergoing PPCI and with an FMC-to-device time ≤90 min. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study included 670 STEMI patients who underwent successful PPCI and had an FMC-to-device time ≤90 min from 19 chest pain centers in Beijing from January 2018 to December 2018. Patients were divided into on-hours group and off-hours group based on their arrival time. Baseline characteristics, clinical data, and key time intervals during treatment were collected from the Quality Control & Improvement Center of Cardiovascular Intervention of Beijing by the "Heart and Brain Green Channel" app. RESULTS: Overall, the median age of the patients was 58.8 years and 19.9% (133/670) were female. Of these, 296 (44.2%) patients underwent PPCI during on-hours and 374 (55.8%) patients underwent PPCI during off-hours. Compared with the on-hours group, the off-hours group had a longer FMC-to-device time and fewer patients with FMC-to-device time ≤60 min (P < 0.05). During the mean follow-up period of 24 months, a total of 64 (9.6%) participants experienced a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), with 28 (9.1%) in the on-hours group and 36 (9.6%) in the off-hours group (P > 0.05). According to the Cox regression analyses, off-hours admission was not a predictor of 2-year MACEs (P = 0.788). Similarly, the Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the risks of a MACE, all-cause death, reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This real-world, multicenter retrospective study demonstrated that for STEMI patients who underwent PPCI within 90 min, off-hours admission was safe, with no difference in the risk of 2-year MACEs compared with those with on-hours admission.
Beijing ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Administration of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (CSA) after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) induces a systemic auto-immune syndrome resembling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), this syndrome termed autologous GVHD has significant antitumor activity, it can reduce the incidence of tumor relapse after APBSCT. The antitumor effect of this auto-aggression syndrome can be enhanced by the administration of gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN). Five consecutive patients who received APBSCT received therapy inducing autologous GVHD. Intravenous administration of CSA [1 mg/(kg.d) for 28 days] was begin on the day of transplantation. gamma-interferon (0.025 mg/m(2) qod) was administered sub-cutaneously from days 7 throngh 28 after transplatation. Results showed that four of five occured autologous GVHD-skin demage, five in control didn't occur autologous GVHD. The relapse rate of the treated cases was 20% (1/5) versus 60% (3/5) of the control, and the median survival time of the treated cases was 20 (4 - 30) months versus 10 (2 - 20) months of the control. The data indicates that autologous GVHD results in low relapse rate of the patients rececving APBSCT.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the bonding properties and interface characterization of a domestic 3mol yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium polycrystal (3Y-TZP) framework fired on with 4 different veneering ceramics for zirconia.

METHODS4 different commercial veneering ceramics for zirconia (VITA VM9, SHOFU VINTAGE ZR, IPS e.max Ceram, Cercon ceram kiss) were sintered on 3Y-TZP rectangulars (15 mmx5 mmx5 mm) according to the manufacturers' instructions for shear bond strength test, a metal-ceramic system(Ni-Cr alloy/VITA VMK95) was fabricated in the same type as a control group. Two bilayered specimens (3Y-TZP/VITA VM9, Ni-Cr/VMK95) were prepared for scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy distribution spectrum (EDS).

RESULTSThe values of shear bond strength test were (18.83 +/- 1.77) MPa for 3Y-TZP/VITA VM9, (23.83 +/- 7.05) MPa for 3Y-TZP/SHOFU VINTAGE ZR, (17.87 +/- 2.30) MPa for 3Y-TZP/IPS e.max Ceram, (22.26 +/- 7.45) MPa for 3Y-TZP/Cercon ceram kiss, (20.55 +/- 5.13) MPa for Ni-Cr alloy/VITA VMK95. There was no statistically significant between all-ceramic groups and the control group (P > 0.05). The failure modes in all-ceramic groups showed predominately adhesive at the interface. SEM showed the 3Y-TZP/VITA VM9 contacted tightly at the interface, while EDS detected Si element diffused into 3Y-TZP material.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that domestic 3Y-TZP has a good interface compatibility with 4 commercial veneering ceramics, as a dental framework material, it can satisfy the clinical requirements.

Ceramics ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Porcelain ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dental Veneers ; Materials Testing ; Yttrium ; Zirconium

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ropivacaine on Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-activated currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in rats and discuss the analgesia mechanism of ropivacaine.

METHODSBy means of using whole-cell patch-clamp technique, to investigate the modulatory effects of ropivacaine on GABA-activated currents (I(GABA)) in acutely isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons.

RESULTS(1) In 48 out of 73DRG cells (65.7%, 48/73), to perfusion ropivacaine bromide (0.1 - 1 000 micromol/L) were sensitive. Which produce in 0 to 380 pA current. (2) The majority of the neurons examined (74.5%, 73/98) were sensitive to GABA. Concentration of 1 - 1 000 micromol/L GABA could activate a concentration-dependent inward current, which manifested obvious desensitization, and the inward currents could be blocked byGABA-receptor selective antagonist of bicuculline (100 micromol/L). (3) After the neurons were treated with ropivacaine (0.1 - 1000 micromol/L) prior to the application of GABA (100 micromol/L) 30 s, GABA currents were obviously increased. Ropivacaine could make dose-response curve of the GABA up, EC50 is 23.46 micromol/L. Ropivacaine shifted the GABA dose-response curve upward and increased the maximum response to the contrast about 153%.

CONCLUSIONThe enhancement of ropivacaine to DRG neurons activation of GABA current, can lead to enhancement of pre-synaptic inhibition at the spinal cord level. This may be one of the reasons for the anesthetic effect and analgesia for ropivacaine in epidural anesthesia.

Amides ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Ganglia, Spinal ; cytology ; physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, GABA-A ; physiology