BACKGROUND: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors are family of molecules that regulate the cell cycle. The CDKN2, a CDK4 inhibitor, also called p16, has been implicated in human tumorigenesis. The CDKN2 inhibits the cyclin/CDK complexes which regulate the transition from G1 to S phase of cell cycle. There is a previous report that homozygous deletion of CDKN2 region on chromosome 9p21 was detected frequently in astrocytoma, glioma and osteosarcoma, less frequently in lung cancer, leukemia and ovarian cancer, but not detected in colon cancer and neuroblastoma. However, little is known about the relationship between CDKN2 and laryngeal cancer. Therefore this study was initiated to investigate the role of CDKN2 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 5 human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines whether they have deletions or losses of CDKN2 gene expression by DNA-PCR or RT-PCR, respectively. We examined 8 fresh frozen human laryngeal cancer tissues to detect the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of CDKN2. PCR was performed by using microsatellite markers of short arm of human chromosome 9 (D9S126, D9S144, D9S156, D9S161, D9S162, D9S166, D9S171, D9S200 and D9SIFNA). For informative cases, allelic loss was scored if the signal of one allele was significantly decreased in tumor DNA when compared to the same allele in normal DNA. RESULTS: The CDKN2 DNA deletion was observed in 3 cell lines. The CDKN2 mRNA expression was observed in only one cell line, which was very weak. LOH was detected in 7 cases (87.5%). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that CDKN2 plays a role in the carcinogenesis of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Alleles ; Arm ; Astrocytoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Line* ; Chromosomes, Human ; Colonic Neoplasms ; DNA ; Genes, p16* ; Glioma ; Head* ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Leukemia ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lung Neoplasms ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Neck* ; Neuroblastoma ; Osteosarcoma ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Phosphotransferases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; S Phase

PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency of underlying diseases associated with respiratory distress in full-term infants, as well as its relation to the mode of delivery and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 4,264 infants who had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Chonnam University Hospital (CUH) over 5 years from January 2000 to December 2004. Full-term infants with respiratory distress such as transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), congenital pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and pneumothorax were included. We analysed the incidence of underlying disease, its relation to the mode of delivery, rate of mechanical ventilator therapy, prevalence of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), mortality and the length of hospitalization of surviving patients. RESULTS: Of the 4,264 patients who admitted to the NICU of CUH over the last five years, preterm infants made up 2,278 (53.4%) and full-term infants made up 1,982 (46.5%). The number of full-term patients who admitted due to respiratory distress associated with respiratory system problems excluding a congenital anomaly was 246 (12.4%). The most common underlying disease was TTN (n=161, 65.4%), and the next was RDS (n=39, 15.9 %), congenital pneumonia (n=11, 4.5%), MAS (n=7.9, 8.5%), and pneumothorax (n=14, 5.7 %). RDS was more statistically common in full-term infants born by Caesarian section (P<0.05). But there was no difference according to the mode of delivery statistically in other respiratory tract diseases. The rate of mechanical ventilator therapy was significantly higher in RDS and MAS, and the prevalence of HIE was higher in MAS (P<0.05). Mortalities of RDS and MAS were 7.7% and 9.5% each. There was no significant difference in the length of hospitalization of surviving patients. CONCLUSION: TTN was the most common respiratory tract disease in the full-term infant, and RDS was more common in the infant who was born by Cesarean section. The rates of mechanical ventilator therapy and mortality were significantly higher in the infants with RDS and MAS, and HIE was exclusively manifested by infants with MAS.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Jeollanam-do ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Diseases* ; Retrospective Studies ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn ; Ventilators, Mechanical

In a series of rabbits, two craniectomies were made in both side of the parietal hone. Each lesion was filled with gelfoam, lyocura, fat and dural film. Five rabbits were left empty as a control group. The animals were killed in one month after the operation. The degree of adhesion between the soft tissue of the scalp and various dural substitute was evaluated at the time of operative dissection and studied histopathologically. The results were as follows. 1) The insertion of dural substituted substances can prevent the adhesion between the scalp and dura mater. 2) The dural film was most effective in prevention of adhesion. 3) The dural film inserted group exhibited inflammatory reaction. 4) The gelfoam, lyodura and fat inserted groups were though to have had a moderate prevention effect of adhesion. With these results, we could conclude that the insertion of material between the dura and scalp can prevent adhesion. However the ideal inserted material which can pevent inflammatory reaction and adhesion has not been determined. At this point we have not found and ideal substitute. To get an ideal material for prevention of adhesion, further intensive study is required.
Animals ; Dura Mater ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Rabbits ; Rabeprazole ; Scalp

OBJECTIVES: Delphinidin is one of the anthocyanidins. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory property including antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and anti-cancer properties. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of delphinidin in mucin-producing human airway epithelial cells has not been determined. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect and the brief signaling pathway of delphinidin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MUC8 and MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS: In mucin-producing human NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells and primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay were used for investigating the expressions of MUC8, MUC5, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), after LPS treatment and delphinidin treatment. And the signaling pathway of delphinidin on LPS-induced MUC8 and MUC5B expression was investigated using the RT-PCR, and immunoblot analysis. To confirm the involvement of TLR4 in LPS-induced MUC8 and MU5B expression, the cells were transfected with TLR4 siRNA. RESULTS: In NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells, LPS (100 ng/mL) significantly induced TLR4, MUC8, and MUC5B expression. TLR4 siRNA significantly blocked LPS-induced MUC8 and MUC5B mRNA expression. LPS (100 ng/mL) significantly activated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal related kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Delphinidin (50 and 100 microM) inhibited LPS-induced TLR4, MUC8, and MUC5B expression and LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. In the primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, delphinidin (50 and 100 microM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced TLR4, MUC8, and MUC5B gene expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that delphinidin attenuates LPS-induced MUC8 and MUC5B expression through the TLR4-mediated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human airway epithelial cells. These findings indicated that delphinidin may be a therapeutic agent for control of inflammatory airway diseases.
Anthocyanins ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Lipopolysaccharides ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases* ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Kinases ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Toll-Like Receptors*

The authors report a case of false aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery which manifested after operation for FCCD. An aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery is a rare disease. In collected literature, the incidence of superficial temporal artery aneurysms ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 percent of all aneurysms for which surgery was performed. False aneurysm should be suspected when a mass, which may or may not be pulsatile, appears in the scalp region after recent trauma. Troublesome(but not life-threatening) bleeding may occur if the lesion is unrecognized, and an attempt is made to "shell it out" as though it were an epidermal inclusion cyst.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, False* ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Rare Diseases ; Scalp ; Temporal Arteries*

Dermoid cysts can be found anywhere in the body, particularly in areas where embryonic elements fuse together. Dermoid cysts arising in the head and neck lesion are relatively common, but that of nasolabial area has not been reported. Recently, we experienced a case of epidermoid cyst mimicking nasolabial cyst. The patient was a 49 year-old man with an anterior nasolabial swelling that has been presented for 1 year. After cyst excision, a histologic examination revealed that it was an epidermoid cyst. We report this case with the literature review.
Dermoid Cyst ; Epidermal Cyst ; Head ; Humans ; Neck

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A large amount of information related to paranasal sinusitis is available on the internet; however, little is known about the quality and content of such information. We assessed paranasal sinusitis-related information on web sites of western and eastern physicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the search engine of Naver and Daum, a total of 159 web sites (108 by western physicians, 51 by eastern physicians) were identified by the keyword search "paranasal sinusitis" and were classified using the categories of location and field of contents. These web sites were evaluated for several aspects, and an informational value score was assigned to each. RESULTS: Regarding the location, Seoul (38), Gyeonggi (28), Busan (10) accounted for 70% of sites by western physicians, compared with 76% for the eastern physicians [Seoul (27), Gyeonggi (9), Busan (3)]. With respect to content, main content and Q/A were excellent in sites by eastern physicians whereas clinical schedule was excellent in those by western physicians. The mean informational value of the web sites was 5.17 for western physicians and 2.19 for eastern physicians (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Web sites on paranasal sinusitis concentrated very firmly on metropolitan areas. Web sites by western physicians provided better paranasal sinusitis-related information than those by eastern physicians.
Appointments and Schedules ; Search Engine ; Sinusitis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The frontal recess (FR) cells, including the frontal cell (FC), agger nasi cell (ANC), supraorbital ethmoid cell (SOC) and inter-frontal sinus septal cell (IFSSC), can interfere with the drainage system of the frontal sinus. We evaluated the relationship between the FR cells and the frontal sinusitis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All paranasal sinus CT scans performed from July 2004 through June 2005 were reviewed. Of the 675 scans reviewed, 317 patients (634 sides) were selected for data collection. Exclusion criteria included a clinical history of neoplasms, bony deformities, and extensive disease responsible for obscuring the bony anatomy. Similarly, CT scans with severe artifacts were also excluded. RESULT: FCs were present in 21.9% of the patients. According to the Bent's classification, the prevalence of each FC type was as follows; type 1 FC (13.6%), type 2 FC (3.2%), type 3 FC (1.9%) and type 4 FC (3.1%). Of the four types of FR cells, type 4 had a significant association with frontal sinusitis. The incidence of hyperpneumatized frontal sinus, ANC, SOC, IFSSC were significantly higher among patients with the FC than those without the FC (p<0.05). Patients without the ANC or with type 1 uncinate process, according to Stammberger's classification, displayed a higher frequency of frontal sinusitis (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of frontal sinusitis among patients with hypopneumatized frontal sinus (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In our series, the frontal sinusitis was influenced by each types of FC, attachment sites of uncinate process and the degree of frontal sinus pneumatization. Therefore, these anatomic variations in the frontal recess should be appropriately addressed during the surgical management of the frontal sinusitis.
Artifacts ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Data Collection ; Drainage ; Frontal Sinus ; Frontal Sinusitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prevalence

Although the required extent of lymph node dissection remains controversial, surgery is the cornerstone of the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, only approximately 30% of patients are diagnosed as operable, and an R0 resection will be achieved in only 40~60% of these. Since R0 resection and the treatment response of the primary cancer or resected specimen are significant prognostic factors in locally advanced gastric cancer, various preoperative treatment modalities have been attempted to induce downstaging and improve complete nodal resection. Several recent studies revealed that preoperative chemoradiation therapy can prolong patient survival by improving the R0 resection rate and treatment response. Here, we present an advanced gastric cancer patient with serosal penetration involving multiple perigastric and celiac lymph nodes who underwent radical surgery and entered complete remission after S1 and cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Pathology revealed total necrosis of the tumor cells, and fibrous nodules in 2 out of 47 resected lymph nodes indicated dead cancer cells due to chemoradiation therapy. Subsequently, the patient received an additional six rounds of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil/tegafur (UFT) and cisplatin. Follow-up imaging showed no evidence of tumor recurrence.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cisplatin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Necrosis ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms

Bowen's disease was originally described by Bowen in 1912 and is believed to be a squamous cell carcinoma in situ. It develops on any part of the skin surfaces or mucous membranes. But the lesions on the vulvar region are relatively rare. The gross appearance of vulvar lesion, which shows erosion, ulceration or pigmentation, is different from that of typical Bowen's disease. We, herein, report a case of Bowen's disease arising on a vulvar region with a review of the literature.
Bowen's Disease* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Mucous Membrane ; Pigmentation ; Skin ; Ulcer ; Vulva*