PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency of underlying diseases associated with respiratory distress in full-term infants, as well as its relation to the mode of delivery and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 4,264 infants who had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Chonnam University Hospital (CUH) over 5 years from January 2000 to December 2004. Full-term infants with respiratory distress such as transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), congenital pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and pneumothorax were included. We analysed the incidence of underlying disease, its relation to the mode of delivery, rate of mechanical ventilator therapy, prevalence of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), mortality and the length of hospitalization of surviving patients. RESULTS: Of the 4,264 patients who admitted to the NICU of CUH over the last five years, preterm infants made up 2,278 (53.4%) and full-term infants made up 1,982 (46.5%). The number of full-term patients who admitted due to respiratory distress associated with respiratory system problems excluding a congenital anomaly was 246 (12.4%). The most common underlying disease was TTN (n=161, 65.4%), and the next was RDS (n=39, 15.9 %), congenital pneumonia (n=11, 4.5%), MAS (n=7.9, 8.5%), and pneumothorax (n=14, 5.7 %). RDS was more statistically common in full-term infants born by Caesarian section (P<0.05). But there was no difference according to the mode of delivery statistically in other respiratory tract diseases. The rate of mechanical ventilator therapy was significantly higher in RDS and MAS, and the prevalence of HIE was higher in MAS (P<0.05). Mortalities of RDS and MAS were 7.7% and 9.5% each. There was no significant difference in the length of hospitalization of surviving patients. CONCLUSION: TTN was the most common respiratory tract disease in the full-term infant, and RDS was more common in the infant who was born by Cesarean section. The rates of mechanical ventilator therapy and mortality were significantly higher in the infants with RDS and MAS, and HIE was exclusively manifested by infants with MAS.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Jeollanam-do ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Diseases* ; Retrospective Studies ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn ; Ventilators, Mechanical

BACKGROUND: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors are family of molecules that regulate the cell cycle. The CDKN2, a CDK4 inhibitor, also called p16, has been implicated in human tumorigenesis. The CDKN2 inhibits the cyclin/CDK complexes which regulate the transition from G1 to S phase of cell cycle. There is a previous report that homozygous deletion of CDKN2 region on chromosome 9p21 was detected frequently in astrocytoma, glioma and osteosarcoma, less frequently in lung cancer, leukemia and ovarian cancer, but not detected in colon cancer and neuroblastoma. However, little is known about the relationship between CDKN2 and laryngeal cancer. Therefore this study was initiated to investigate the role of CDKN2 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 5 human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines whether they have deletions or losses of CDKN2 gene expression by DNA-PCR or RT-PCR, respectively. We examined 8 fresh frozen human laryngeal cancer tissues to detect the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of CDKN2. PCR was performed by using microsatellite markers of short arm of human chromosome 9 (D9S126, D9S144, D9S156, D9S161, D9S162, D9S166, D9S171, D9S200 and D9SIFNA). For informative cases, allelic loss was scored if the signal of one allele was significantly decreased in tumor DNA when compared to the same allele in normal DNA. RESULTS: The CDKN2 DNA deletion was observed in 3 cell lines. The CDKN2 mRNA expression was observed in only one cell line, which was very weak. LOH was detected in 7 cases (87.5%). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that CDKN2 plays a role in the carcinogenesis of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Alleles ; Arm ; Astrocytoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Line* ; Chromosomes, Human ; Colonic Neoplasms ; DNA ; Genes, p16* ; Glioma ; Head* ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Leukemia ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lung Neoplasms ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Neck* ; Neuroblastoma ; Osteosarcoma ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Phosphotransferases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; S Phase

BACKGROUND: Saccade test, smooth pursuit test, and optokinetic nystagmus test are clinically useful tests to accurately diagnose vertigo. However, there have only been a few studies regarding a correlation between the anatomical site of the lesion and the abnormality of eyeball movement in patients with vertigo. METHODS: The medical records of 97 patients with vertigo between January 2006 and June 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. We classified many kinds of abnormalities regarding the saccade test, smooth pursuit test and optokinetic nystagmus test into several categories and analyzed the localizing lesion of vertigo. RESULTS: According to the saccade test, both total saccade abnormality (S-total) and slow velocity of saccade (S-type 3) were shown to be significantly higher in the central lesion of vertigo. According to the smooth pursuit test, symmetrical unidirectional smooth pursuit abnormality (SP-type 2) was observed to be significantly higher in the peripheral lesion over vertigo. Moreover, according to the optokinetic nystagmus test, total optokinetic nystagmus abnormalities (OKN-total) were shown to be significantly useful findings in the diagnosis of the central lesion of vertigo. The coexisting abnormalities of all three tests (S+SP+OKN abnormalities) were shown to be significantly higher in the central lesion of vertigo. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that all these tests, saccade test, smooth pursuit test, and optokinetic nystagmus test, are very useful to distinguish between the central lesion and the peripheral lesion of vertigo. However, these tests are not beneficial in localizing the central lesion of vertigo.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Nystagmus, Optokinetic* ; Pursuit, Smooth* ; Retrospective Studies ; Saccades* ; Vertigo

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Macrolide is a relatively effective drug in chronic bronchiolitis and chronic sinusitis with mucous hypersecretion. However, the anti-secretory effect of macrolide is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of macrolide on the interleukin -1beta (IL-1beta)-induced MUC2/5AC genes expression and mucin secretion. Matrials and Methods: We observed effects of roxithromycin and clarithromycin on the IL-1beta-induced MUC2/5AC genes expression and mucin secretion in cultured human airway NCI-H292 epithelial cells. The steady state mRNA levels of MUC2/5AC and mucin secretion were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Roxithromycin attenuated the IL-1beta-mediated MUC2/5AC genes expression and mucin secretion. When roxithromycin treated before exposure to IL-1beta and after exposure to IL-1beta in cultured cells, both treatment methods inhibited the IL-1beta-induced MUC2/5AC genes expression and mucin secretion. However, clarithromycin did not suppress the IL-1beta-mediated MUC2/5AC genes expression and mucin secretion. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that roxithromycin inhibits the IL-1beta-mediated mucin secretion through inhibition of MUC2/5AC genes expression.
Bronchiolitis ; Cells, Cultured ; Clarithromycin ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans* ; Interleukins ; Macrolides* ; Mucins* ; RNA, Messenger ; Roxithromycin ; Sinusitis

Backgroud and Objectives: There are few reports about long-term outcomes of transnasal endoscopic marsupialization of isolated maxillary sinus mucocele. The approach routes of endoscopic marsupialization in those papers were mainly through middle meatal antrostomy. However, it is difficult or impossible to treat maxillary sinus mucocele by transnasal endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy in some cases. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term outcomes of transnasal endoscopic marsupialization according to three different approach routes. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 20 consecutive patients underwent transnasal endoscopic marsupialization and followed up for at least 66 months, retrospectively. Ten patients were treated by transnasal endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy with marsupialization, four by inferior meatal antrostomy and six by extended middle meatal antrostomy. RESULTS: No evidence of recurrence and major complications were observed during follow-up periods ranging from 66 to 102 months (mean, 80 months) according to three different approach routes. CONCLUSION: Transnasal endoscopic marsupialization with the appropriate antrostomy route according to the location and bulging direction of maxillary sinus mucoceles is considered to be an effective therapeutic method with favorable long-term outcomes
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Mucocele* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Today, lumbar disc surgery has been considerable refined from that performed by Mixter and Barr less than 50 years ago, but there is still room for improvement. The addition of the microsurgical technique may be the most recent means to refine the process of lumbar discectomy. Magnetified vision and brillant illumination have allowed neurosurgeons to refine many standard operations and to devise new ones for hitherto inaccessible areas. Small incisions, meticulous hemostasis, and precise removal of diseased tissue are the contributions of microsurgery to an ideal operation. 37 cases of microsurgical discectomy weer compared to the same number of standard operations. The total patient profiles were the same with other studies. The results demonstrated a 72.9% marked improvement in the standard discectomy category and a 83.9% marked improvement in the microsurgical discectomy group. Also, the mean time until their return to work was 7.3 wks in the microsurgical discectomy group, while 10.8 wks in the standard operation group.
Diskectomy ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Lighting ; Microsurgery ; Return to Work

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The frontal recess (FR) cells, including the frontal cell (FC), agger nasi cell (ANC), supraorbital ethmoid cell (SOC) and inter-frontal sinus septal cell (IFSSC), can interfere with the drainage system of the frontal sinus. We evaluated the relationship between the FR cells and the frontal sinusitis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All paranasal sinus CT scans performed from July 2004 through June 2005 were reviewed. Of the 675 scans reviewed, 317 patients (634 sides) were selected for data collection. Exclusion criteria included a clinical history of neoplasms, bony deformities, and extensive disease responsible for obscuring the bony anatomy. Similarly, CT scans with severe artifacts were also excluded. RESULT: FCs were present in 21.9% of the patients. According to the Bent's classification, the prevalence of each FC type was as follows; type 1 FC (13.6%), type 2 FC (3.2%), type 3 FC (1.9%) and type 4 FC (3.1%). Of the four types of FR cells, type 4 had a significant association with frontal sinusitis. The incidence of hyperpneumatized frontal sinus, ANC, SOC, IFSSC were significantly higher among patients with the FC than those without the FC (p<0.05). Patients without the ANC or with type 1 uncinate process, according to Stammberger's classification, displayed a higher frequency of frontal sinusitis (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of frontal sinusitis among patients with hypopneumatized frontal sinus (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In our series, the frontal sinusitis was influenced by each types of FC, attachment sites of uncinate process and the degree of frontal sinus pneumatization. Therefore, these anatomic variations in the frontal recess should be appropriately addressed during the surgical management of the frontal sinusitis.
Artifacts ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Data Collection ; Drainage ; Frontal Sinus ; Frontal Sinusitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prevalence

The authors report a case of false aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery which manifested after operation for FCCD. An aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery is a rare disease. In collected literature, the incidence of superficial temporal artery aneurysms ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 percent of all aneurysms for which surgery was performed. False aneurysm should be suspected when a mass, which may or may not be pulsatile, appears in the scalp region after recent trauma. Troublesome(but not life-threatening) bleeding may occur if the lesion is unrecognized, and an attempt is made to "shell it out" as though it were an epidermal inclusion cyst.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, False* ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Rare Diseases ; Scalp ; Temporal Arteries*

Bowen's disease was originally described by Bowen in 1912 and is believed to be a squamous cell carcinoma in situ. It develops on any part of the skin surfaces or mucous membranes. But the lesions on the vulvar region are relatively rare. The gross appearance of vulvar lesion, which shows erosion, ulceration or pigmentation, is different from that of typical Bowen's disease. We, herein, report a case of Bowen's disease arising on a vulvar region with a review of the literature.
Bowen's Disease* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Mucous Membrane ; Pigmentation ; Skin ; Ulcer ; Vulva*

Nasal glioma is a rare, benign, congenital tumor, which is ectopic sequested brain tissue that has lost its intracranial connection. It is thought to be the result of an abnormality in embryonic development. A 2-month-old female patient presented with firm, noncompressible, pinkish, 0.6 cm-diameter, protruding mass on the glabella from birth. No intracranial connection was found by MRI. Histopathological finding showed an unencapsulated pale-staining fibrillary glial tissue, which contains astrocytes and some neurons. Immunohistochemically, the glial tissue and astrocytes were positive for GFAP(glial fibrillary acidic protein), and neurons were positive for NSE(neuron-specific enolase).
Astrocytes ; Brain ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Glioma* ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurons ; Parturition ; Pregnancy