Objective To discuss the histology change,apoptosis state and Bcl-2,Bax expression after the bone cement leakage into the intervertebral disc in vertebroplasty.Methods Eight majority canis familiaris were studied.Three lumbar intervertebral discs(L2 to L5)in each dog were randomly classified into three groups(control group,PMMA group,and CPC group),the canine discs were stabbed by 18-gauge needle,and 0.1 ml cement was injected into them.Control discs were only stabbed and injected with nothing.Histology of all discs was studied 24 weeks after the operation.Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)and immunohistochemisty were used to detect apoptosis and Bcl-2,Bax expression in the discs.The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 12.0.Results Intervertebral disc degeneration was not found in control groups.In bone cement groups,however,ruptured or serpentine patterned fibers,decreased cellularity of the nucleus pulposus and condensed matrix of the nucleus pulposus were found in histologic results.The Bax protein decreased in the order of control group, CPC group,and PMMA group.However,the Bcl-2 protein increased in the order of control group,CPC group,and PMMA group.The histology grade was significantly different among the three groups under ANOVA analysis(P

A large amount of evidence has showed that sexually transmitted infection is an important synergistic factor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Therefore, this paper reviews the current situation of sexually-transmitted diseases (STD) and HIV infection, introduces HIV prevention and intervention measures and problems for STD patients at home and abroad, and proposes that behavior-psychology-society integrated intervention model should be constructed based on the characteristics of STD patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of Fas/FasL in infantile hemangiomas and discuss the role of Fas/FasL in the pathologic evolution of infantile hemangioma.

METHODThe EnVision immunohistochemical stain and RT-PCR technique was used to examine the expression of Fas/FasL protein and mRNA in the infantile hemangiomas.

RESULTS(1) In the early and middle proliferating stage, a number of infantile hemangioma cells expressed Fas. In the late proliferating stage, the number of positive cells increased obviously and the expression of Fas mRNA was reaching the strongest level. In the early regressing stage the Fas still existed in some cells and after that the expression decreased quickly. (2) Up to the middle proliferating stage, there were a few of FasL(+) cells foound. In the late proliferating stage, the number of FasL(+) cells increased significantly. From the early regressing stage, the number of FasL(+) cells decreased rapidly and disappeared.

CONCLUSIONThere may exist significant correlation between the expression of Fas/FasL and the development of the infantile hemangioma cells. The apoptosis of the infantile hemangioma cells mediated by Fas/ FasL may be the major reason of the spontaneous involution of infantile hemangioma.

Apoptosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Fas Ligand Protein ; metabolism ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Infant ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE To determine the characterization, anti-tumor efficacy and pharmacokinetics of bufalin- loaded PEGylated liposomes compared with bufalin entity. METHODS Bufalin- loaded PEGylated liposomes and bufalin- loaded liposomes were prepared reproducibly with homogeneous particle size by the combination of thin film evaporation method and high pressure homogenization method. The particle size and zeta potential of the liposomes were determined by dynamic light scattering technique. The direct imaging of morphology of liposomes was charactered by transmission electron microscope. The content of bufalin in liposomes was analysed by HPLC method. The entrapment efficiency and the particle size was applied to assess the stability profile, after storage at 4℃ on day 0, 7, 15, 30 and 90. The in-vitro release behaviours of bufalin from liposomes were conducted using dialysis bag technique at 37℃. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out using MTT〔3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide〕assay on several kinds of tumor cell lines including SW620, PC-3, MDA-MB-231, A549, U251, U87 and HepG2. In-vivo pharmacokinetic study of bufalin liposomes was evaluated by HPLC method. RESULTS Their mean particle sizes were 127.6 nm and 155.0 nm, mean zeta potentials were 2.24 mV and - 18.5 mV, entrapment efficiencies were 76.31% and 78.40% , respectively. In- vitro release profile revealed that the release of bufalin in bufalin- loaded PEGylated liposomes was slower than that of bufalin-loaded liposomes. The cytotoxicity of blank liposomes has been found within acceptable range, whereas bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes showed enhanced cytotoxicity to U251 cells compared with bufalin entity. In-vivo pharmacokinetics indicated that bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes could extend eliminate half-life time of bufalin in plasma in rats. CONCLUSION The results suggested that bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes improved the solubility and increased the drug concentration in plasma.

Objective To understand the disease spectrum of prehospital emergency patients in Beijing, so as to provide basis for rational allocation of prehospital emergency care resources and for improvement of prehospital emergency care. Methods Emergency dispatch database from 120 dispatching command system of Beijing Emergency Medical Center to was used study the disease spectrum of 120 prehospital emergency patients from 2013 to 2017 in Beijing, and were analyzed the differences of disease spectrum among patients of different years, genders and ages, and the time distribution of different diseases. Results From 2013 to 2017 in Beijing, 1 643 375 patients used 120 prehospital emergency care. The top 3 diseases of the disease spectrum were: injury and poisoning (29.63%), diseases of the circulatory system (18.37%), and diseases of the nervous system (15.80%). The sorting of diseases remained unchanged during the 5 years. The disease spectrums were different among different age groups and gender groups. The calls in spring, summer, autumn and winter accounted for 25.23%, 24.97%, 25.05% and 24.75% respectively. Most calls were made from 08 ∶〗00 to 09 ∶〗59 (12.41%), 12 ∶〗00 to 13 ∶〗59 (10.05%), and 14 ∶〗00 to 15 ∶〗59 (9.91%) during a day. The peak months and hours of different diseases were different. Conclusions The demand for prehospital emergency care has been increasing in Beijing in recent years. It is important to strengthen the prevention of injuries among all ages, especially male, and to improve the prevention and response capacity for acute attack of chronic diseases among older people. Prehospital emergency care resources should be rationally allocated according to the peak months and hours of calls.

To investigate the possible mechanism of apoptosis induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) combined with horseradish peroxidase in leukemia cell line K562, cell proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cell were examined by MTT assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), respectively; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the quantitative change of MDA were measured by biochemical method; changes of free radical were determined by 2, 7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe with confocal microscopy. The results showed that of MTT assay and TUNEL indicated that IAA/HRP could significantly inhibit cell proliferation (P < 0.05) and induce apoptosis of K562 cell (P < 0.01), at the same time a positive correlation was found between apoptosis rate and IAA concentration (r = 0.971, P < 0.01). The activity of SOD and the quantitative of MDA increased, accompanied with a rise in IAA concentration. Results detected by DCFH-DA probe indicated that the fluorescence intensity of intracellular free radical increased, as compared with control, and a positive correlation was found. It is concluded that IAA/HRP can inhibit proliferation of K562 cells and induce K562 cell apoptosis, its mechanism may be related with the increase of intracellular free radical due to the effects of IAA/HRP.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; pharmacology ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Indoleacetic Acids ; pharmacology ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; metabolism ; pathology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Time Factors

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Double Outlet Right Ventricle ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objective:To compare ultrasound (US) guided versus computed tomography (CT) guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The data of 133 patients with early HCC treated by RFA in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Shandong Provincial Hospital from February 1, 2015, to January 31, 2017, was analyzed retrospectively. These patients were divided into two groups: the US-guided group and the CT-guided group. The clinical data was collected and the factors affecting prognosis were analyzed.Results:Compared with the CT-guided group, the operation time of the US-guided group was significantly shorter [(29.0±12.0)min vs. (55.0±19.0)min, P<0.05], but the number of ablation sessions per tumor was significantly less [(1.1±0.3) vs. (2.0±0.6), P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in the complete ablation rates, postoperative complication rates and postoperative length of hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). The CT-guided group was superior to the US-guided group in the local tumor recurrence and progression-free survival rates ( P<0.05). On multivariate analysis, CT-guided RFA was an independent protective factor for local tumor recurrence ( HR=0.266, 95% CI: 0.073-0.967, P<0.05) and progression-free survival ( HR=0.415. 95% CI: 0.213-0.806, P<0.05), while AFP >20 ng/ml ( HR=4.821, 95% CI: 1.714-13.560, P<0.05) was an independent risk factor for progression-free survival. Conclusion:CT-guided percutaneous RFA was superior to US-guided RFA in local treatment of early HCC, probably related to more needle placements and longer ablation time under CT guidance.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the respiratory pathogens and clinical features in children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 225 children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma, aged <14 years, who attended the outpatient service or were hospitalized from August 2017 to August 2019. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect 12 pathogens, i.e., respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza virus A (IFVA), influenza virus B (IFVB), parainfluenza virus types 1-3 (PIV1-3), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), adenovirus (ADV), Bordetella pertussis (BP), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). RESULTS: The overall detection rate of virus was 46.2% (104/225), and 7 kinds of viruses were detected, i.e., HRV (19.6%, 44/225), ADV (16.0%, 36/225), IFVB (5.8%, 13/225), RSV (4.9%, 11/225), IFVA (3.6%, 8/225), PIV3 (1.8%, 4/225), and HMPV (0.4%, 1/225). Of all pathogens, BP had the highest detection rate of 28.4% (64/225), and the detection rates of MP and CP were 16.4% (37/225) and 0.4% (1/225), respectively. The mild exacerbation group had a higher detection rate of BP than the severe exacerbation group (P<0.05), while the severe exacerbation group had significantly higher detection rates of RSV and MP than the mild exacerbation group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the proportion of children with paroxysmal cough, spasmodic cough, fever, lung rales and abnormal lung imaging findings among the simple BP infection, simple virus infection and simple MP infection groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS BP, HRV, and MP are common respiratory pathogens detected in children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma, and respiratory virus infection is an important pathogen of acute exacerbation of asthma in children. Acute exacerbation of asthma caused by different pathogens has different clinical features and severities.
Adolescent ; Asthma/diagnosis* ; Child ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human

Objective To study the pharmakinetics of 5-methyltetra-hydrofolic acid (5-MTHF) in SD rats by a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).Methods Six male SD rats weregiven 1.5 × 10-2 mmol · L-1 · kg-1 5-MTHF,and blood was drawn for analysis by HPLC-MS/MS.The plasma was handled by protein precipitation,chromatographic column:Grace Altima HP C18,mobile phases A was methanol-acetonitrile-isopropanol-ethanol-water-formic acid-dimethyl sulphoxide (25∶ 25∶ 25 ∶ 25∶ 0.1 ∶ 1) and mobile phases B was methanol-water-formic acid (10 ∶ 90 ∶ 0.1),gradient elution,flow rate was 0.40 mL · min-1 The method validation was conducted by investigating linear range,accuracy and precision,stability,recovery and matrix effects.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin.Results The method had a linear range of 10.00-1.00 × 104 ng · mL-1 with good correlation,and the regression equation was y =1.01 × 10-3x + 1.82 × 10-3(r =0.998 3).The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision,the recovery,the matrix effects,and the stability were also validated and met the requirement.Pharmacokinetic parameters:the t1/2was (15.23 ± 5.76)h,and AUC0-t was (2788.52 ± 348.86)ng· mL-1 · h without baseline 5-MTHF concentration deduction;the t1/2 was (1.57 ±0.34)h,and AUC0-t was (971.80 ±237.58)ng · mL-1 · h with deduction of the baseline 5-MTHF concentration.Conclusion A sensitive and accurate HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of 5-MTHF.