The effect of phenol concentration on the structure and function of microbial communities,which were cultured in different conditions using coking wastewater biofilm as seeding,was investigated by Biolog and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)methods.The less number of bands of cultivated sam-ples on the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprint of 16S rRNA gene indicated reduction of di-versity after enrichment and cultivation.Some bands on the DGGE gel were significantly influenced by the phenol concentration in medium.The results of Biolog showed that the original biofilm sample had the highest substrate utility capacity as measured by average well color development(AWCD).But low concen-tration of phenol enriched sample S7 showed more diverse activity on the utility of Carboxylic acids.The principal component analysis(PCA)of Biolog data revealed that the metabolic patterns were similar when using the same phenol concentration,although the sample S7 much less similar to other cultivated samples.These results suggested that the enrichment and cultivation with phenol supplemented decreased the diver-sity and also changed the metabolic function of the microbial community.Lower phenol concentration in-creased the microbial community metabolic activity.The phenol degrading capacity of isolates from each samples indicated that the enrichment and cultivation condition had changed the type and property of cul-truable bacteria.Based on these results,we concluded that the different microorganisms will be isolated un-der different cultivation condition.

In the previous study, a high-throughput screening method was established to find the antagonists of CD36. In the present study, a new compound named IMB-1680 was found using this method. The anti-atherosclerotic activities of IMB-1680 were then evaluated. Dose-dependent activities of IMB-1680 were detected by using Sf9 [hCD36] and CHO [hCD36] models. Fluorescence microscopic photography and flow cytometry were used to analyze uptake of mLDL. Foam cell test with RAW264.7 macrophages was used to examine lipid accumulation. The results showed that IMB-1680 inhibited CD36 activity with IC50 of 2.80 and 8.79 micromol x L(-1) in Sf9[hCD36] and CHO [hCD36] cells, respectively. Fluorescence microscopic photography and flow cytometry revealed that IMB-1680 could significantly reduce DiI-AcLDL uptake. Meanwhile, IMB-1680 also could reduce lipids accumulation in RAW264.7 macrophages. In all, the data indicated that IMB-1680 might be a potent effective anti-atherosclerotic leading compound.
Animals ; CD36 Antigens ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetulus ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Foam Cells ; cytology ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Plasmids ; Receptors, Scavenger ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Sf9 Cells ; Spodoptera ; Transfection

To investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and absolute bioavailability of ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB) and bilobalide (BB) in rats. In this experiment, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) method was established to determine the plasma concentrations of GA, GB and BB in rats after rats were administrated with the three drugs through ig and iv respectively. The main pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability of three ginkgolide compounds were obtained by using pharmacokinetic software DAS 2. 0. After the inject of GA, GB and BB, the results showed Cmax at (513.9 ± 116.9), (701.3 ± 76.0), (5,255.6 ± 476.8) µg · L(-1) and AUC0.24h of (960.9 ± 268.5), (779.5 ± 140.6), (7,409.3 ± 1,181.1) µg · h · L(-1), respectively; after the oral administration, the results showed Cmax at (522.9 ± 39.9), (146.8 ± 31.6), (2,711.9 ± 588.9) µg · L(-1) and AUC0-24 h of (1,760.4 ± 300.7), (636.6 ± 180.3), (16,651.4 ± 1,306.5) µg · h · L(-1), respectively. The absolute bioavailability of GA, GB and BB in rats was (61.1 ± 10.4)%, (27.2 ± 7.7)%, (56.2 ± 4.4)%, respectively. The method established in this experiment has a good specificity and sensitivity and so can be used to study the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of GA, GB and BB in rats.
Animals ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacokinetics ; Furans ; pharmacokinetics ; Ginkgolides ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactones ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

This paper was aimed to study the human plasma protein binding rate of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection.The equilibrium dialysis was used to determine the human plasma protein binding rate of ginkgolide A (GA),ginkgolide B (GB) and ginkgolide K (GK) in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection.The LC-MS/MS method was used for the content determination of ginkgolides.And then,the plasma protein binding rate was calculated.The results showed that there was no interference from other ingredients for the determination of ginkgolides.The calibration curve of the analytes was in good linearity in certain range of contents.The precision and stability of the analytes met the methodology requirements.After 8 h incubation,the human plasma protein binding rate of GA,GB and GK achieved balance.The human plasma protein binding rate of GA (0.34,1.70 and 8.51μg·mL-1) was 84.03%-88.11%; the human plasma protein binding rate of GB (0.62,3.09 and 15.5μg·mL-1) was 41.21%-53.56%; the human plasma protein binding rate of GK (0.04,0.20 and 1.01μg·mL-1) was 45.24%-59.59%.It was concluded that the method was simple,rapid and sensitive,which met the analysis requirement for biological samples.GA had a high plasma protein binding rate; GB and GK had medium plasma protein binding rate.

Objective To explore the correlation of bone metabolism levels and risk of coronary heart disease in elder women patients .Methods A total of 163 elder women patients were divided into three group:CON group ,CAD group ,and CHD group .We explored related atherosclerosis risk factors and factors related to bone metabolism .Results Compared with CON group ,there was no statistical significance in CAD group in factors related to bone metabolism(P>0 .05) .In CHD group ,serum 25‐OH‐Vitamin D significantly decreased and β‐C‐terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen significantly increased compared with CON group(P<0 .05) .Compared with CAD group ,the serum 25‐OH‐Vitamin C also significantly decreased andβ‐C‐terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰcollagen significantly increased(P< 0 .05) .Spearman correlation analysis showed that BMI ,HDL‐C ,triglycerides ,LDL‐C ,blood glucose and 25‐OH‐Vitamin D were correlated with coronary heart disease .With coronary heart disease as the dependent variable , the results showed lower LDL‐C ,25‐OH‐Vitamin D had independent predictive value for the risk coronary heart disease .Conclusion Lower 25‐OH‐Vitamin D levels in elder patients were positively correlated with coronary heart disease ,and it might also be an in‐dependent predictor .

This study was aimed to investigate the induction effect ofRe-Du-Ning (RDN) Injection on rat liver microsome CYP450 enzymes. SD rats were randomly divided into the solvent control group, positive control group as well as the low, middle and high dose group of RDN (1, 2, 4 mL·kg-1·d-1). After drugs were administrated continuously for 7 days, the rats were sacrificed. The liver was weighed and prepared to microsomes. Meanwhile, the liver coefficients of rats were calculated. And the protein content was detected by BCA method. Finally, activities of five important subtypes of CYP450 enzymes such as CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A1/2 were measured by the“cocktail” method. The results showed that the levels of liver coefficients, microsome yield rate and activities of CYP450 subtypes increased significantly in the positive control group compared with the solvent control group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference on the levels of liver coefficients, microsome yield and protein content between the low and middle dose group of RDN. However, there was significant difference on the levels of liver coefficients and microsome yield in the high dose group (P < 0.05). In terms of the influence on enzyme activity, RDN Injection can significantly induce the activities of CYP1A2 with dose dependence. It can induce the activities of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 at the middle and high dose. However, there was no obvious influence on the activities of CYP3A1/2 and CYP2D6. It was concluded that the positive control group can obviously induce activities of CYP450, which can be used in the evaluation of induction experiments. RDN Injection had induction effect on CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. But it had no influence on the activities of CYP3A1/2 and CYP2D6.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma (BLBC), and to discuss the diagnosis standard.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was performed in 448 cases of breast carcinoma and these cases were categorized into luminal A, luminal B, null subtypes, HER2-overexpressing and basal-like and their clinicopathologic features were observed under light microscope with stains of HE and immunohistochemical InVitrogen staining.

RESULTSAmong the breast cancer patients, the incidence of BLBC was 15.4% (69/448). Morphologic features significantly associated with BLBC constituently included nest structure and showing diffuse growth pattern, large scarring areas without cells in tumor, geographic necrosis, pushing margin of invasion, lymphocytic infiltrate in various degree in tumor stroma, syncytial tumor cell without clear boundaries, tumor cell showing vesicular unclear chromatin and nucleolus, markedly elevated mitotic count, metaplasia (all P < 0.01). Meanwhile, most BLBC showed strong immunoreactivity for CK5/6, CK14, CK17 (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBLBC showed distinct morphologic and immunophenotypic features.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms, Male ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-14 ; metabolism ; Keratin-17 ; metabolism ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Keratin-6 ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism

Objective To systematically review and synthesize the lived experience of family members caring for schizophrenia patients at home,in order to provide evidence for community and home nursing. Methods We searched databases including The Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMbase,ISI Web of Science,PsycINFO,CINAHL,CBM, CNKI,VIP and Wanfang from inception to April 2017,to collect qualitative studies in the experience of family members caring for schizophrenia patients at home. The quality of included studies was evaluated according to JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia. Results A total of 31 studies were included,and 141 complete findings were grouped according to their similarities to form 8 categories. These categories resulted in two synthesized findings:Integration Results 1:It brought family members a negative influence in care process because of excessive pressure and burden,but over time,they were slowly accepting the fact and trying to cope with dis-ease;Integration Results 2:Patients were unable to take care of themselves,and caregivers were helpless and wanted assistance from the government and the health care system. Conclusion The government and health system should pay more attention to the impact of schizophrenia on family members who take care of schizophrenia patients. In the process of care,patients should be given support,guidance and encouragement,which help family members to improve coping abilities of psychology and disease,and to promote physical and mental health of schizophrenia pa-tients and their family members.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between CD8+ T-cell CD28 molecular expression in peripheral blood and TCM type in patients with chronic aplastic anemia (CAA).

METHODSUsing flow cytometry to detect the CD28 expression in 45 in-patients or out-patients and 24 healthy subjects for control. And the relation with TCM type was analyzed from the immunological aspect.

RESULTS(1) The levels of CD8, CD28, CD8+ CD28+ expression and CD8+ CD28+/CD8+ CD28- were all higher in the CAA patients than those in the healthy subjects (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (2) The levels of CD28, CD8+ CD28+ expression and CD8+ CD28+/CD8+ CD28- were all higher in the CAA patients of Shen-Yin deficiency type than those in the CAA patients of Shen-Yang deficiency type (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION(1) The abnormal high expression of peripheral blood co-stimulatory molecules CD28 suggested CD28 disorder may play an important role in immuno-pathogenesis of CAA. (2) The levels of peripheral CD28, CD8+ CD28+ expression and CD8+ CD28+/CD8+ CD28- can be taken as an objective indexes for TCM typing of CAA, which was disordered more severe in patients of Shen-Yin deficiency type than in those of Shen-Yang deficiency type.

Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; classification ; diagnosis ; immunology ; CD28 Antigens ; biosynthesis ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; immunology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Yang Deficiency ; immunology ; Yin Deficiency ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the association between polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods Electronic search strategy was carried out among the databases from home and abroad to collect qualified research papers,according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data on case-control studies on association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and susceptibility to ALL were colleted and analyzed by models of TT vs.CC + CT or TT vs.CC through Meta-analysis.Stratified analysis was carried out according to different age groups (children or adult).Results In systematical analysis,the pooled odds ratios of MTHFR C677T genetype TT vs.CC + CT or TT vs.CC were 0.87(0.69-1.09 ) and 0.82 ( 0.63-1.06 ) respectively; in children' s group,the pooled odds ratios of MTHFR C677T genetype TT vs.CC + CT or TT vs.CC were 0.92 ( 0.79-1.08),0.88 ( 0.75-1.05 ) while in adult group,the pooled odds ratios of MTHFR C677T genetype TT vs.CC + CT or TT vs.CC were 0.45(0.26-0.77),and 0.41 (0.22-0.72) respectively.Conclusion The MTHFR gene 677T variant might not be associated with the risk of children's ALL but might be associated with a reduced risk on adult's ALL.