Focused on nanobiology and nanomedicine, this article elucidates its main research targets and contents, discusses the important of researches in this field, introduces the tasks and objectives of the corresponding researches in the national long- and mid-term science and technology development planning, and also describes the present research status in China.
Biology ; trends ; China ; Nanomedicine ; trends ; Nanotechnology ; trends

With the increasing incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease (CHD) in China, the prevention and treatment of CHD is no time to delay. Since Professor Gruentzig completed the first human case of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 1977, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) had reached to a new page. After three decades of development and change, PCI has been improved and matured gradually from the early PTCA to the current stent era. With the advent of stents, the rate of restenosis after PCI was significantly reduced from 30%-50% to 10%-20%. But stent restenosis was still with no total cure. The issue of how to prevent the stent restenosis has become a long-term major issue for the exploration in both clinical and preclinical medicine. Therefore, this paper reviewed the etiology, pathology, related risk factors, latest diagnosis methods, prevention and treatment of stent restenosis by integrative medicine.

This study was aimed to observe the safety and effectiveness ofShugan Jieyu Capsules in the treatment of vasovagal syncope (VVS) with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety, and to compare the effect with Flupentixol and Melitracen Tablets. A total of 89 VVS cases with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety were randomly divided into 3 groups, which were group A (Shugan Jieyu Capsules group), group B (Flupentixol and Melitracen Tablets) and group C (control group). Based on the conventional therapy of VVS treatment, treatments were given to all three groups for 8 weeks. And the negative conversion ratio of VVS in each group was observed. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 24 items) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were evaluated for the calculation of reductive rate. Treatment emergent symptoms scale (TESS) was used in the evaluation of adverse reactions of both medications during the treatment. In the 12-month follow-up after treatment, the recurrence rate of syncope was observed in each group. The results showed that compared with pretreatment, HAMD-24 and HAMA scores of group A and group B after treatment were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Compared with group C, the heat-up tilt testing-negative rate, HAMD-24 and HAMA reductive rate of group A and group B after treatment were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with group B, the negative rate, HAMD-24 and HAMA reductive rate of group A were more significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, scores for TESS of group A was significantly lower than group B (P< 0.05). In the 24-month follow-up, the recurrence rate of syncope of group A and group B was significantly lower than group C (P < 0.05); and group A was obviously better than group B (P < 0.05). It was concluded thatShugan Jieyu Capsules can be used in the treatment of VVS with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety. Its effectiveness and safety may be better than Flupentixol and Melitracen Tablets.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect ofDanlou pills on prevent atherosclerosis from hypercholesterolemia rabbit and its relationship with inflammatory factors as well as PI3K/AKT signal pathways. A total of 24 Japanese male white rabbits were randomly divided into the control group (CL), model group (M) and Danlou group (DL), with 8 in each group. Normal diet was given to CL rabbits. High-fat diet was given to rabbits in other groups to establish the atherosclerosis model. Danlou pills (0.5 g·kg-1·d-1) were also given to DL rabbits. Rabbits were sacrificed after 9-week medication. The contents of blood lipid, TNF-α and IL-6 were detected. HE staining was used in the observation of histological changes in the aorta. Western blot was used to observe PI3K and p-AKT expression in the aorta. The results showed that compared with CL, the contents of TG, TC, LDL, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in M (P < 0.01); PI3K and p-AKT expression in the aorta were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with M, blood lipid, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced in DL (P < 0.05, orP < 0.01); PI3K and p-AKT expression were significantly increased (P < 0.01). It was concluded thatDanlou pills had prevention effects on atherosclerosis through reducing blood lipid and inflammatory factors. The action mechanism maybe related to the activation of PI3K/AKT signal pathways.

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of PTEN, PIP3 and cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions and analyze their correlation.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expression of PTEN, PIP3 and cyclin D1 in 63 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, 29 cases of simple hyperplasia, 33 cases of dysplasia, and 25 cases of normal oral mucosa.

RESULTSThe negative or low expression of PTEN in oral squamous cell carcinoma was 25%, which was remarkably lower than that in other groups. The positive expression of PIP3 in simple hyperplasia, dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma was 66%, 64%, and 76% respectively, which were much higher than those in normal oral mucosa. The positive expression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma was 49%, which was significantly higher than that in other groups. The negative correlation between PTEN with PIP3, cyclin D1 and the positive correlation between PIP3 and cyclin D1 were observed.

CONCLUSIONSPTEN may play a role in the oncogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and PTEN may down-regulate the expression of PIP3, and then down-regulate the expression of cyclin D1, which leads to the suppression of cell growth.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo examine the expression and distribution of NF-kappaBp65, TRAF2, and cyclinD1 and their association with cell apoptosis in oral lichen planus (OLP).

METHODSSixty OLP patients were divided into erosion-atrophy group (n=30) and non-erosion group (n=30) according to their clinical features. Immunohistochemistry with SP method was used to detect the expressions of NF-kappaBp65, TRAF2, cyclinD1 in the 60 OLP and 40 normal oral mucosa (control) specimens. TUNEL assay of randomly selected specimens from 10 normal and 15 OLP cases was performed to detect the cell apoptotic index (AI).

RESULTSCompared with the control group, OLP group showed significantly increased AI of the epithelial cells (67.32-/+18.99) and decreased AI of the lymphocytes (34.12-/+9.89) (P<0.05). In the OLP group, the positivity rates for NF-kappaBp65, TRAF2, and cyclin D1 in the epithelial cells (85.00%, 76.67% and 71.67%, respectively) and in the lymphocytes (91.67%, 86.67% and 70.00%, respectively) were all significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). NF-kappaBp65 expression was significantly increased in the lamina propria in the non-erosion OLP group as compared to the erosion-atrophy group. A positive correlation was noted between lymphocyte NF-kappaBp65 expression and AI of the epithelial cells, but an inverse correlation found between lymphocyte NF-kappaBp65 expression and the AI of the lymphocytes. Lymphocyte TRAF2 and cyclin D1expressions were also inversely correlated to lymphocyte AI. There was a positive correlation between TRAF2 and cyclin D1 expressions and the expression NF-kappaBp65 in the epithelial cells and lymphocytes in OLP.

CONCLUSIONSAccelerated apoptosis of the keratinocytes and inhibition of lymphocyte apoptosis may coexist to contribute to the formation and progression of OLP. NF-kappaBp65 expression, particularly its abnormal nuclear expression, may play a partial role in the pathogenesis of OLP.

Adult ; Aged ; Apoptosis ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective This study was designed to determine the effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4(TRPV4)on angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)-induced renal injury in TRPV4-null mutant(TRPV4 -/-)mice. Methods The mice were divided into sham group and Ang Ⅱ-treated group. Ang Ⅱ was infused systemically into wild type(WT)and TRPV4 -/- mice via a miniosmotic pump for 4 weeks, and the sham mice were given with normal saline. Systolic blood pressure,urinary excretion of albumin and 8-isoprostane, serum creatinine, and the pathological changes in the kidney tissues were assayed after the 4-week treatment. Results Compared with corresponding sham mice,Ang Ⅱ infusion led to enhanced systolic blood pressure,increased urinary excretion of albumin and 8-isoprostane,increased serum creatinine(P< 0.05),and enhanced glomerulosclerosis degree and renal tubulointerstitial injury index(P< 0.05)in the WT and TRPV4 -/- mice. The result were associated with enhanced collagen levels in the kidney(P< 0.05). All of them were attenuated by the deletion of TRPV4 in the absence of alteration in blood pressure(P< 0.05). Conclusions Deletion of TRPV4 could alleviate renal injury during Ang Ⅱ-induced hypertension, suggesting that TRPV4 may contribute to the pathophysiology of angiotensin Ⅱ-induced renal injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related pulmonary infection on endogenous metabolites in large intestinal mucosa in BALB/c mice using metabolomics technology based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

METHODSMice were randomly divided into a control group and a RSV pneumonia model group (n=16 each). The mouse model of RSV pneumonia was established using intranasal RSV infection (100×TCID, 50 μL/mouse, once a day). After 7 days of intranasal RSV infection, the mice were sacrificed and GC-MS was used to identify endogenous metabolites and measure the changes in their relative content in colon tissue. SMCA-P12.0 software was used to perform principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for endogenous metabolites in colon tissue. The differentially expressed metabolites in colon tissue were imported into the metabolic pathway platform Metaboanalyst to analyze related metabolic pathways.

RESULTSPCA and OPLS-DA showed significant differences between the control and RSV pneumonia model groups. A total of 32 metabolites were identified in the colon tissue of the mice with RSV pneumonia. The RSV pneumonia model group had significant increases in the content of leucine, isoleucine, glycine, alanine, arachidonic acid, and lactic acid, which were related to the valine, leucine, isoleucine, arachidonic acid, and pyruvic acid metabolic pathways.

CONCLUSIONSRSV pneumonia might cause metabolic disorders in the large intestinal tissue in mice.

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain ; metabolism ; Animals ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Intestine, Large ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Pneumonia, Viral ; metabolism ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions of raltitrexed plus oxaliplatin (RALOX project) and S1 in patients with advanced primary liver cancer.Methods Seventy-one patients with advanced primary liver cancer admitted to 6 cancer centers from July 2013 to July 2015 were divided into 2 groups according to the wishes of the patients and their families:RALOX group (34 patients) and S1 group (37 patients).The therapeutic efficacy such as objective remission rate (ORR),disease control rate (DCR),median overall survival (mOS),median progression free survival (mPFS),one year survival rate (SR),and adverse reactions in these patients were evaluated.Results Thirty-one patients could be evaluated in RALOX group,and 6 patients obtained partial response (PR),10 stable disease (SD) and 15 progressive disease (PD).Thirty-three patients could be evaluated in S1 group,and 3 patients obtained PR,8 patients SD and 22 PD.The ORR,DCR,and one year SR were 19.4％ vs.9.1％,51.6％ vs.33.3％,and 22.6％ vs.12.1％ respectively,and there were no statistically significant differences in the two groups (x2 =1.393,P =0.238;x2 =2.190,P =0.139;x2 =1.229,P =0.268).The mOS and mPFS were 7.2 months vs.6.1 months and 3.4 months vs.2.8 months,and there were statistically significant differences in the two groups (x2 =6.433,P =0.011;x2 =4.078,P =0.043).There was more serious peripheral nerve toxicity (29.0％ vs.3.0％,x2 =6.344,P =0.012) and lighter hand-foot syndrome (9.7％ vs.30.3％,x2 =4.201,P =0.040) in RALOX group than S1 group.But the incidences of other adverse effects were similar in the two groups.Condnsion RALOX project is safe and effective to the patients with advanced primary liver cancer.Compare with S1 project,RALOX project has better curative effects and the majority of adverse reactions are tolerable.The patients have good condition control and survival benefit.

Objective To investigate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCLP) who born in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2016, and to establish a predictive model for developing the strategies for the prevention and control of NSCLP. Methods Spatial epidemiological research method and geographical information systems (GIS) were used to conduct thematic mapping, spatial correlation analysis, high/low clustering analysis, hotspot analysis and Kirging interpolation prediction for NSCLP patients in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2016. Results From 2010 to 2016, the aggregation trend of NSCLP incidence in 89 counties in Gansu Province was different obviously, the southeast area was high and the northwest was low. Based on the data of the cumulative incidence of NSCLP from 2010 to 2016 in Gansu, the spatial distribution of NSCLP presented positive spatial correlation (Moran’I=0.274，Z=7.814，P<0.001) and the aggregation type was high-high cluster(Getis Gi=0.000 003，Z=4.381，P<0.001), with 22 hot spots. The Kirging interpolation prediction results showed that the main prevalence trend of NSCLP in Gansu extended from Longdong to Longxi and Longnan areas. Conclusions The geographical distribution of NSCLP had a positive spatial correlation and a high-high aggregation type in Gansu from 2010 to 2016. The high aggregation area is concentrated in Longdong, Longxi and Longnan of Gansu, which suggest that it is essential to focus on prevention and control in these areas.