Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration and deletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and a pathological feature of the Louis body.The clinical manifestations including non motor symptoms and motor symptoms.Cognitive impairment (CI)is one of the most common non motor symptoms in patients with PD,Which includes mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.MCI is an early manifestation of dementia in PD.Therefore,early diagnosis and treatment of MCI are very important for the prognosis of PD.The epidemiology,risk factors,heredity,biomarkers,imaging,diagnosis and treatment of MCI in PD are reviewed in this paper.

Objective To obtain the transcriptome database and differentially expressed genes of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. by Illumina HiSeq 4000; To provide important molecular information for its molecular biology research. Methods Leaves and roots of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. were chosen as experimental materials to conduct transcriptome sequencing. Then bioinformatics analysis of gene function annotations, metabolic pathways, and microsatellites was performed on the test data. Results 24.13 Gb Clean Data were assembled. Afer assembly steps, 84 433 of T. hemsleyanum Unigene were obtained, and then they were compared in the 7 gene database, and 47 766 annotated information of Unigene was obtained. There were 27 790 annotations in the GO database. The number of differentially expressed genes in the roots, stems and leaves was 4989, of which 3511 were up-regulated and 1478 were down-regulated. The COG database obtained 16 152 homologous sequences of Unigene, which were divided into 25 categories. In the KEGG database, there were 14 511 Unigene obtained the corresponding Ko number, which could be divided into 130 branches of signal metabolism, among which the number of Unigene in the ribosome synthesis pathway was the most, with 1042, and there was only 1 Unigene in the biosynthetic pathway of isoflavones. Conclusion A large number of transcripts of the transcriptome were obtained through splicing, assembling and functional annotation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg., which can provide genomic database resources for molecular biology research of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture on Parkison disease (PD) with systematic review in view of evidence-based medicine (EBM).Methods Articles on clinical effect of acupuncture on Parkinson disease published from the database-established year to May of 2017 we searched from China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI),Wanfang,VIP,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM),PubMed,and Cochrane Library databases without language limitation.Quality evaluation and data extraction were carried out according to the tool for assessing risk of bias provided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 5.1.0).All statistical analyses were performed with Reviewer Manager Software (Version 5.3;Cochrane Collaboration,Oxford,UK).Assessments were performed with the total effective rate,the scores of each scale (the unified Parkinson disease rating scales-UPDRS and the Webster scale),and the improvement of different clinical manifestation.Results In all,12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met our inclusion criterion,a total of 892 patients,including 468 cases in the experimental group (acupunctuer with or without medicine) and 424 cases in the control group (medicine only).Meta-analysis showed favorable results for the experimental group compared to control group in the total effective rate,the total scales of UPDRS and the modified Webster scale [OR =2.16,95％ CI (1.57,2.97),P＜0.01;OR =7.20,95％ CI(4.02,10.37),P＜0.01;OR=3.33,95％ CI(2.13,4.53),P ＜0.01].The experimental group was effective in relieving partial symptoms of PD such as rigidity,postural,gait,bradykinesia compared to the control group,while there was no significant difference in tremor at rest and sit-stand up movements (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Acupuncture had certain clinical effect on Parkinson disease,it can relieve the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease to some extent,and postpone the progression of PD,which improves the quality of life of PD patients.Acupuncture can be recommended as a combination treatment for Parkinson disease.

The delta-opioid receptor (DOR),which is a classic analgesic drug widely existed in the central system and peripheral system,is a kind of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor with seven transmembrane regions.In addition to pain modulation,the opioid receptors are involved in various physiological and pathological activities through gene or cytokines.This review addresses the influence and possible mechanisms of the delta-opioid receptor in ischemic brain injury,analgesia,anti-anxiety and depression,learning and memory,and Parkinson's disease.

A GeXP based multiplex PCR assay was developed to simultaneously detect six different chicken respiratory viruses including H5, H7, H9 subtypes of avian influenza virus(AIV), new castle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV). According to the conserved sequences of genes of each pathogen, seven pairs of specific primers were designed, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The specificity and accuracy of GeXP were examined using samples of single and mixed infections of virus. The sensitivity was evaluated by performing the assay on serial 10-fold dilutions of cloned plasmids. To further evaluate the reliability, thirty-four clinical samples were detected by GeXP. The corresponding specific fragments of genes were amplified. The detection limit of GeXP was 10(2) copies/microL when all of 7 pre-mixed plasmids containing target genes of six chicken respiratory viruses were present. In the detection of thirty-four clinical samples, the results of GeXP were accorded with the viral isolation completely. In conclusion, this GeXP assay is a rapid, specific, sensitive and high-throughput method for the detection of chicken respiratory virus infections. It can be applied in rapid differential diagnosis for clinical samples, and also provide an effective tool to prevent and control chicken respiratory diseases with similar clinical symptoms.
Animals ; Chickens ; Influenza A virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Influenza in Birds ; diagnosis ; virology ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Poultry Diseases ; diagnosis ; virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; veterinary ; virology

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-106b on the apoptosis and proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC ) cells. Methods We analyzed differences in miRNA expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues with miRNA microarray.Taq Man miRNA detection kit and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the expressions of miR-106 and RhoC mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and adjacent tissues.The miR-106b and target gene binding sites were predicted with miRnada.The target gene was verified by double luciferase.Western blot was used to detect the expression of RhoC regulated by miR-106b.Annexin and TUNEL were used to detect the effect of miR-106b on the apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells;the effect of miR-106b on the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was detected by MTT assay.Results miRNA microarray analysis showed that the expression of miR-106b was lower in NPC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues.The results of RT-PCR showed that the expression of miR-106b in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was decreased (P <0.05)while the expression of RhoC was increased in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P <0.05).The expressions of miR-106b and RhoC in NPC were negatively correlated (r =-0.5866, P <0.001).The results of luciferase reporter assay showed that the activity of luciferase in miR-106b group was lower than that in empty plasmid group (P < 0.05 ).The results of Western blot showed that miR-106b could decrease the expression of RhoC in NPC tissues (P <0.05).Annexin V-PI and TUNEL showed that the apoptosis ofnasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was significantly higher in miR-106 group than in empty plasmid group (P <0.05). MTT results showed that the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in miR-106b group was lower than that in empty plasmid group (P <0.05).Conclusion miR-106b may induce the apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and inhibit the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by down-regulating the expression of RhoC.

Based on the principle of'treating disease and seeking the root cause',Professor FU Wen-Bin proposed'treating radiation encephalopathy(REP)from yang',pointing out that the main pathogenesis of REP is yang qi deficiency,brain spirit dystrophy,phlegm and blood stasis blocking orifices.Using'supplementing yang and unblocking yang simultaneously','treating spirit from heart and gallbladder',combined with the method of regulating spirit and unblocking orifices at acupoints of governor vessol and conception vessel,and using the integrated acupuncture mode of'firstly applying needling,secondly using moxibustion,thirdly focusing on consolidation'to play the role of supporting yang and treating spirit can effectively relieve symptoms and delay the development of the disease.

Objective:To construct an evaluation index system of internal control medical equipment based on the internal control theory of The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission(COSO)and combined with the current situation of medical equipment internal management in public hospitals,so as to provide reference and suggestions for the evaluation of internal control of medical equipment in public hospitals.Methods:Through literature research and expert consultation,the evaluation index system of internal control of medical equipment was preliminarily determined.Using the Delphi method,15 experts from 1 medical college and 3 tertiary hospitals in Beijing who were engaged in the use and management of medical equipment were selected to conduct two rounds of consultation on the evaluation index system of internal control of medical equipment,and the evaluation indicators were scored and screened.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the index weights,and the internal control evaluation index system of medical equipment in public hospitals based on COSO was constructed.Results:The coefficient of the two rounds of expert consultation was 100%.The authority degree of consulting experts was 0.867.Finally,the evaluation index system of internal control of medical equipment in tertiary public hospitals was formed,which included 5 first-level indicators,17 second-level indicators and 50 third-level indicators.Conclusion:The evaluation index of internal control of medical equipment in public hospitals based on COSO has high expert enthusiasm,authority and coordination.The evaluation index system includes the unit level and the business level of internal control,with a wide coverage,which makes up for the limitations of traditional internal evaluation of medical equipment,which can make up for the limitations of the internal evaluation of traditional medical equipment,improve the internal control system of medical equipment in public hospitals,and optimize the medical equipment management system.

In order to visually detect H1, N1 and N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV), three reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays were developed. According to the sequences of AIV gene available in GenBank, three degenerate primer sets specific to HA gene of H1 subtype AIV, NA gene of N1 and N2 subtype AIV were designed, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The results showed that all the assays had no cross-reaction with other subtype AIV and other avian respiratory pathogens, and the detection limit was higher than that of conventional RT-PCR. These assays were performed in water bath within 50 minutes. Without opening tube, the amplification result could be directly determined by inspecting the color change of reaction system as long as these assays were fin-ished. Fourteen specimens of H1N1 subtype and eight specimens of H1N2 subtype of AIV were identified from the 120 clinical samples by RT-LAMP assays developed, which was consistent with that of virus isolation. These results suggested that the three newly developed RT-LAMEP assays were simple, specific and sensitive and had potential for visual detection of H1, N1 and N2 subtype of AIV in field.
Animals ; Chickens ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Ducks ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds ; diagnosis ; virology ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods ; Poultry Diseases ; diagnosis ; virology ; Reverse Transcription ; Turkeys

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and safety of sirolimus in management of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted involving 31 CAN patients followed up since March 2002, who experienced a change from a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based regimen to a SRL-based regimen. Serum creatinine (Cr) in these patients was compared before and after the regimen change, and the adverse events associated with SRL were analyzed.

RESULTSTill March 2007 when the study closed, 15 patients reached the primary endpoint for resuming dialysis, 8 had improved and 8 had stable renal function. In patients with high Cr(0)(> or =3 mg/L, n=12), 9 resumed dialysis and 2 had improved renal function, but one of the patients with renal improvement eventually died due to infection; in the patients with low Cr(0)(<3 mg/L, n=19), 5 resumed dialysis, 8 had stable renal function and 6 had improved renal function, showing significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.003). Altogether 14 patients reached the secondary endpoint for ceasing SRL for severe infection (5 patients, of whom 4 resumed dialysis and 1 died of infection) or adverse events associated with SRL (9 patients, of whom 4 resumed dialysis, 2 had stable and 3 had improved renal function). Hyperlipidemia (51.6%), leukocytopenia (41.9%), mouth ulcer (29.0%) and liver function lesion (16.1%) were the commonest adverse events in these patients, and totalling 13 severe adverse events were recorded, including 2 fatal cerebral hemorrhage, 3 fatal infection episodes, and 8 pulmonary and urinary infections that require hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONConversion from a CNI-based to SRL-based regimen can be effective for some CAN cases, especially for those with Cr(0) below 3 mg/L. Attention must be given to adverse events like hyperlipidemia and leukocytopenia, as well as the related cerebral vascular accidents and infections.

Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Creatinine ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Function Tests ; Kidney Transplantation ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sirolimus ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult