Abstract:Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a global health problem, which is prevalent all over the world. China is a low epidemic area. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mainly transmitted through blood, and nowadays, intravenous drug addicts are the key population for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C. HCV has multiple genotypes and gene subtypes, and the distribution of these genotypes and gene subtypes varies significantly among the regions of the world. Nowadays, the treatment of hepatitis C has entered the era of direct-acting antiviral agents, which have high efficacy and safety in the general population. However, when special populations use direct-acting antiviral agents to treatment hepatitis C, we don't know how its efficacy and safety will be. The special populations include children, adolescents, drug users, HCV/HBV co-infected patients, HCV/HIV co-infected patients, and patients who have comorbidity of HCV and chronic kidney disease. This review will discuss the efficacy and safety of using direct-acting antiviral agents to treat hepatitis C in these special populations.

C-Reactive Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Abstract: In the United States, it is estimated that 1% to 4% of pregnant women are infected with hepatitis C virus （HCV）, which carries approximately a 5% risk of transmission from mother to infant. Hepatitis C virus can be transmitted to the infant in utero or during the peripartum period, and infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse fetal outcomes, including fetal growth restriction and low birthweight. The purpose of an excerpt of Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #56: Hepatitis C in pregnancy—updated guidelines: Replaces Consult Number 43, November 2017 is to discuss the current evidence, provide updated recommendations regarding screening, review treatment, and address management of hepatitis C virus during pregnancy.

In order to find the cardiotonic constituents of lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., the investigation was carried out. Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, medium-pressure MCI and reverse phase ODS column chromatography were used to separate the 90% EtOH extract of the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. The structures of the isolated compounds have been identified by chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Ten compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as benzoic acid-5-hydroxy-2-benzoyl-amino methyl ester (1), honokiol (2), pinoresinol (3), salicylic acid (4), p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (5), songorine (6), karakoline (7), mesaconitine (8), hypaconitine (9) and 14-benzoylhypaconitine (10), separetely. Compound 1 is a new compound and its structure has been established by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR and X-Ray. Compound 2-5 are isolated from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. for the first time.
Aconitum ; chemistry ; Cardiotonic Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

The aim of this study was to improve the stability and cover the unpleasant odor of valerian oil by preparation of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. The preparation method was established based on the yield of inclusion complex and entrapment efficiency of valerian volatile oil. After that, the formulation and processing parameters were optimized by uniform design table. The formations of inclusion complex were validated by DSC and X-RD method. The stability of valerian oil beta-cyclodextrin inclusion was studied under stressed conditions. In conclusion, relatively high yield of inclusion complex and entrapment efficiency were obtained by saturated solution-ultrasonication method. Inclusion complex yield and entrapment efficiency of the valerian oil were (84.78 +/- 3.23)% and (86.23 +/- 2.48)%, which were prepared under the optimized conditions, respectively. The results of DSC and X-RD were indicated the formation of inclusion complex. The stability of test showed that the valerian oil-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was improved significantly.
Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Odorants ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Valerian ; chemistry ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

BST-2 plays an important role in host innate immune response via inhibiting the release of HIV-1. HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu can interact with BST-2 through its transmembrane domains, degrade BST-2, and decrease BST-2 that are transported to the cell surface, thus anti-virus function of BST-2 is antagonized. In our study, we constructed plasmid RB connecting Rluc to the N-termimal of BST-2, and plasmid VE connecting EYFP to the C-terminal of Vpu. The two fusion proteins were co-expressed in 293 cells, and the interaction between the two proteins was detected via BRET method. And we further established a stable 293 cell line of dual-expression. By using BRET method, and the interaction between BST-2 and Vpu transmembrane domain as the target, a high-throughput screening assay was created that was expected to seek novel interaction inhibitors.
Antigens, CD ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; HIV Infections ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; methods ; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of palate cleft gap of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) infants before and after presurgical orthodontic and cheiloplasty.

METHODSThe sample consisted of 18 complete UCLP infants who were treated using presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) appliance and cheiloplasty. The maxillary models were obtained at the initial visit, after PNAM treatment 1 month before cheiloplasty, and 2 months after cheiloplasty. The change of palate cleft gap were compared.

RESULTSAfter PNAM treatment and cheiloplasty, the lip profile was obviously improved, cleft gap was reduced, and the height of ala nasi fornix was recovered.

CONCLUSIONPNAM treatment can improve the lip shape and nasal deformity degree of UCLP patient. The cleft gap and upper lip tension are reduced.

We investigated inhibition of Moloney leukemia virus 10 (MOV10) upon xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) and made a preliminary study of the mechanism of action. Using transfection, infection, western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction, we found that MOV10 inhibited XMRV replication. Using MOV10 overexpressed in viral producer cells, MOV10 was shown to reduce the infectivity of XMRV. MOV10 could be incorporated into XMRV, suggesting that MOV10 could undergo encapsidation by XMRV during viral assembly. MOV10 could also restrict the DNA production of XMRV in target cells. We found that the putative RNA-helicase domain of MOV10 maintained most of its XMRV inhibition. These results suggest that MOV10 could be required during the retroviral lifecycle. Perturbation of MOV10 disrupts the generation of infectious viral particles, suggesting that MOV10 has broad antiretroviral activity. Hence, MOV10 could be actively involved in host defense against retroviral infection.
Humans ; Moloney murine leukemia virus ; physiology ; RNA Helicases ; physiology ; Virus Replication

Objective To construct the orthotopic mouse liver transplantation model and cover troubleshooting,in order to provide experimental techniques support for organ transplantation pathology and immunology studies.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice,10-12 weeks,were selected as the allograft donors.Male C3H mice with same age were selected as the allograft recipients.The orthotopic mouse liver transplantation model consisted of 3 stages,including harvesting the donor liver,back-table preparation of the liver graft and transplantation of the donor liver into the recipient.The average time for harvesting the donor livers was (40 ± 8.8) min,(23 ± 4.7) min for preparing the donor livers and (75 ± 9.6) min for transplanting the donor livers into the recipient.Results Seventy pairs of mice were used for the preliminary experiments.For the formal experiments,the allograft transplantation was established on 220 pairs with 90.4％ successful rate.Conclusion It is the skillful and high quality microsurgical technique that is the guarantee of establishing the orthotopic mouse liver transplantation model successfully.

Objective To determine whether morphine having the ability to influence the antiviral effect of lamivudine(3TC)in vitro study.Methods MT2 cells were randomly assigned into morphine+3TC treatment group,morphine+naloxone+3TC treatment group,naloxone+3TC treatment group.Both 3TC and virus control groups were set up.The corresponding MT2 cells were treated with opiates antagonist(naloxone)for 0.5 hours before the 24-hours morphine treatment program was implemented while all of the groups were then infected with equal amounts of cell-free HIV-1 ⅢB strain and 3TC.HIV-1 p24 antigen in culture supernatants collected at days 3,4,5 and 6after infection status was tested and the inhibition of 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen of various treatment groups calculated.Results Inhibition of 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen of Morphine+3TC treatment group was the lowest when HIV-1 infected cells at 3rd and 4th day and showed significant difierence (P<0.05)when compared to the 3TC control.However,there was no statistically significant difference among them(P>0.05),when virus was infected the cells at 5th and 6th day.The difference of 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen inhibition between the morphine+naloxone+3TC treatment group and the naloxone+3TC treatment group was not significant(P>0.05).Similar results were obtained when these two groups were compared to the 3TC control group(P>0.05),respectively.The 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen inhibition of each treatment group reduced as the time of infection prolonged,showing a significant and time-course effbct.Conclusion The 3TC antiviral effect was reduced by morphine in the early stage of infection,and could be blocked by naloxone.