Total 1188 subjects aged 35-74 in an urban community of Beijing were recruited by a multistage stratified random sampling procedure. Dental caries were examined by three dentists independently. The prevalence of dental crown caries was 79. 6% (DF), that of DMFS was 24. 39% and the root caries index (RCI) was 3.5% in this group. 22. 3% of the examinees required treatment for the crown caries and 26. 0% for root caries. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that DMFS was significantly correlated with RCI (P <0. 01 ), and there was no significant difference of DMFS and RCI between males and females. The study indicates that dental caries is a common health problem in adults and elderly population of urban Beijing, and the development of community oral health service system is necessary.

The gene-expression changes related with precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (PLGC) are surveyed. Not only the regulative effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on oncogene, antioncogene and anti-apoptosis gene that are related with PLGC is analyzed, but also current research state is presented. It's showed that TCM has effects of therapy and inversion on PLGC. These effects are related with the inhibition to related oncogene expression, the regulation and activation to the deletion of antioncogene, the inhibition to the high-expression of mutant gene-protein about antioncogene, and the regulative function to anti-apoptosis gene.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Oncogenes ; Precancerous Conditions ; genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy and safety of Danlong Oral Liquid (DOL) combined Western medicine (WM) in treating mild-to-moderate bronchial asthma patients (heat wheezing syndrome) at acute onset.

METHODSTotally 480 mild-to-moderate bronchial asthma patients (heat wheezing syndrome) at acute onset were randomly assigned to two groups in the ratio 3:1, the treatment group (360 cases) and the control group (120 cases). All patients received basic WM treatment. Patients in the treatment group took DOL, 10 mL each time, 3 times per day for 7 days in total, while those in the control group took Kechuanning Oral Liquid (KOL) , 10 mL each time, 3 times per day for 7 days in total. Efficacy for asthma symptoms, lung functions and scores of TCM syndrome and/or main symptoms were evaluated.

RESULTSThe percentage of clinical control and significant effectiveness of asthma symptoms in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (77.36% vs 56.07%, P < 0.01). The percentage of clinical control and significant effectiveness of lung functions in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (74.28% vs 50.00%, P < 0.01). The anterior-posterior difference in scores of TCM syndrome was significantly superior in the treatment group than in the control group (-11.26 ± 4.70 vs -9.21 ± 5.09, P < 0.01). The anterior-posterior difference in scores of main symptoms was significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group (-6.58 ± 3.08 vs -5.16 ± 3.45, P < 0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group [1.73% (6/346 cases) vs 10.17% (12/118 cases) , P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONDOL combined WM was superior to KOL in treating mild-to-moderate bronchial asthma patients (heat wheezing syndrome) at acute onset.

Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Biomedical Research ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Lung ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Respiratory Sounds ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo understand the etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Guangzhou area in 2008.

METHODTotally 1023 clinical specimens were collected from pediatric patients suspected of HFMD in 2008. TaqMan real-time RT-PCR were used for detection of enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) and other enteroviruses. The specimens which were enterovirus positive by RT-PCR method with universal primer but EV71 and CA16 negative, were amplified and sequenced for 5'untranslated region.

RESULTEnterovirus was identified from 434 of 1023 samples and detection rate of enterovirus was 42.42%; of the 434 samples, 276 were positive for EV71 (63.6%), 126 for CA16 (29%), 4 samples for enterovirus 84, 3 for Echovirus 11, 2 for Echovirus 9, 3 for Coxsackievirus B3, 4 for Coxsackievirus A10, 3 for Coxsackievirus A6, 6 for Coxsackievirus A12 or A5, and for 7 samples typing was difficult.

CONCLUSIONThe major causative agents of HFMD in Guangzhou were EV71 and CA16 in 2008, and EV84, CA10, CA12, CA6, COSB3, ECHV11, ECHV9 were also the pathogens for smaller proportions of patients.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; epidemiology ; DNA Primers ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; RNA, Viral ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnostic and therapeutic measures for the first human case of H5N1 avian influenza pneumonia in mainland of China.

METHODSThe clinical data of the first case of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in China were analyzed and summarized.

RESULTSThe case is a 9-year old boy, who developed acute symptoms of a light common respiratory infection, including fever and dry cough without obvious catarrh. On the 7th day after onset, his temperature reached 40 degrees C, tachypnea occurred, distinct rales could be heard and large areas of consolidation were seen in the lungs on chest X-ray. The patient's peripheral blood leukocyte count was 2.81 x 10(9)/L and neutrophils dominated. After comprehensive therapeutic approaches, including antiviral therapy (amantadine) and use of low-dosage glucocorticoid, the patient's temperature returned to normal on the 3rd hospitalization day, chest X-ray showed absorbed inflammatory change on the 5th day after admission, and leukocyte count became normal on the 6th day. No complication occurred during the whole course. The case was diagnosed by the 4 fold raised antibody to the H5N1 influenza virus in recovery stage serum because the H5N1 nucleic acid test in early stage was negative. The case was cured and discharged after 3 weeks comprehensive treatment.

CONCLUSIONSIt is very important for clinicians to pay enough attention to epidemiological history, especially history of exposure to avian influenza virus contaminated material, which will be very helpful for early detection, early diagnosis of the disease, and also very important for effective treatment and better prognosis.

Amantadine ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; immunology ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Birds ; Child ; China ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds ; transmission ; Influenza, Human ; complications ; diagnosis ; Male ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; virology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo research the regulative effect of mica monomer granule preparation on the expression of gene associated with cancer in gastric mucosa tissue of experimental chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) rats.

METHODTo treat experimental CAG rats using mica monomer granule preparation with three different dosage-high, moderate and low level respectively. To observe the expression changes of mutant antioncogene-p53 gene-protein, oncogene p21, antioncogene p16 and anti-apoptosis gene bcl-2 in gastric mucosa of CAG rats by two-step ways of EnVision system in immunohistochemical method.

RESULTThere was the tendency that mica monomer granule preparation with three different dosage could decrease the expression of p53 as well as p21, and mica had the obvious regulative effects on deletion of p16 and high-expression of bcl-2. It could also alleviate the inflammation of gastric mucosa and promote the regeneration of gland.

CONCLUSIONThe treatment and reversion action of mica on chronic atrophic gastritis is probably related with the regulative effect on the expression of gene associated with cancer.

Aluminum Silicates ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Materia Medica ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Oncogene Protein p21(ras) ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

The paper is to report the development of a high-performance liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of icaritin (ICT) in rat plasma. After precipitated with acetonitrile from the plasma, ICT was isolated chromatographically on a Dikma C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (72 : 28 : 1.5, v/v/v). Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the transitions of m/z 387 --> m/z 313 and m/z 331 --> m/z 315 were used to quantify ICT and the internal standard, respectively. The linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 2.5-1,000 ng x mL(-1). The lower limit of quantification was 2.5 ng x mL(-1). The inter- and intra-day precision (RSD) were less than 9.63%, and the accuracy (relative error) was within +/-7.42%. The method was proved to be suitable for the pharmacokinetics of ICT, which offers advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Female ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanisms of muscovite gastric mucosal protective effect.

METHODRat model of chronic gastritis were used. After gastric mucosal injury was induced, the rats were divided into 6 groups and were treated with different drugs. 2 weeks later, the tissue and blood samples were obtained and measured.

RESULTThe general conditions, the observations under macroscopy, microscope and electron microscope of the middle and high dose of muscovite groups resembled those of the normal group. Their PH levels were higher than those of the model group, and the rates of intestinal metaplasia were lower, but the PGE2 level of the middle dose of muscovite group was the highest.

CONCLUSIONMuscovite can be adsorbed on the surface of the gastric mucosa. It has gastric mucosal protective effect by improving excretion of mucus and synthesis of PGE2 in gastric mucosa, restraining gastric acid, reversing of intestinal metaplasia and decreasing inflammation cells.

Aluminum Compounds ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dinoprostone ; blood ; Gastric Juice ; chemistry ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Gastritis ; blood ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Materia Medica ; pharmacology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Potassium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Silicates ; pharmacology ; Sodium Salicylate

OBJECTIVETo study regulative action of mica monomer granule preparation on gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SS) and G cells as well as D cells of gastric mucosa in experimental chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) rat.

METHODCAG rats were treated with mica monomer granule preparation with three different dosages--high, moderate and low level respectively. Changes of blood serum GAS, blood plasma SS and G cells as well as D cells of gastric mucosa in CAG rats were observed and detected with ELISA method, RIA method and immunocytochemistry method.

RESULTMica monomer granule of three different dosages could increase the quantity of G cells as well as D cells of gastric mucosa and the concentration of blood serum GAS and decrease the content of blood plasma SS in CAG rat at different level respectively. It was more effective in high and moderate dosage groups.

CONCLUSIONMica has the pharmacological action of protecting gastric mucosa, promoting the palingenesis of gastric gland and enhancing blood stream of gastric mucosa consequently to abate the inflammation reaction of gastric mucosa. Its effective mechanism is associated with the neuroendocrine regulative mechanism of promoting the secretion of gastric acid and gastric pepsin by increasing the amount of G cells as well as D cells and the concentration of blood serum GAS, and reducing inhibiting action on GAS secretion and enhancing the secretion of GAS by decreasing the content of SS.

Aluminum Silicates ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells ; drug effects ; Gastrins ; blood ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; blood ; pathology ; Materia Medica ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Somatostatin ; blood ; Somatostatin-Secreting Cells ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the content variation of furmarid acid and isofraxidin in Sarcandra glabra from 21 different provenances and provide the basis for resource utilization and quality optimization of S. glabra.

METHODHPLC method was developed to determine the contents of furmarid acid and isofraxidin in 330 samples of S. glabra which were collected respectively from 21 different provenances.

RESULTThere were significant differences in the contents of isofraxidin and furmarid acid in S. glabra from different provenances. The contents of isofraxidin and furmarid acid dropped off from low altitude to high altitude, which were also close with longitude and latitude. The content of isofraxidin in S. glabra at central area of natural distribution was the highest. The different parts of the plant had different results, the influence on the contents of the acitive components in stem were more obvious than the leaf.

CONCLUSIONThis simple, accurate and reproducible method could be use to determine the contents of furmarid acid and isofraxidin in S. glabra. The results represented the status of medicines quality and difference of Chinese S. glabra. These agreed with the traditional views that the medicines quality of Sarcandra glabra in Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang was better. These provenances were considered as important areas of medicines breeding and bases building on S. glabra in future.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fumarates ; chemistry ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results