Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Methionine ; blood ; Tyrosine ; blood ; Tyrosine Transaminase ; deficiency ; Tyrosinemias ; blood ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; pathology ; therapy

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans

Objective: In view of druggability issue of limonin (LM), the liposomal preparation was developed. The liposomal formulation and preparation process were optimized, and its in vitro antitumor activity was investigated. Methods: In this study, LM was loaded in liposomes to increase its stability and solubility. Meanwhile, in vitro cytotoxicity of LM@Lip was evaluated. LM@Lip were prepared by thin-film dispersion method, and formulation selection and process optimization were operated by single factor and orthogonal experiment. Size distribution, PDI and zeta potential were measured by Malvern sizer, and the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading content were determined by HPLC. The dialysis method was used to investigate the release profile of LM@Lip. In vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2 and A549 cells were estimated by MTT method. Results: The optimized preparation conditions of liposomes were as follows: drug/lipid ratio was 1:150, cholesterol/lipid ratio was 1:9, the ultrasonic power was 120 W for 6 min (1 s interval). The average particle size, PDI and Zeta potential of optimized LM@Lip were (119.5 ± 6.2) nm, 0.318 ± 0.124, (-17.2 ± 1.3) mV, respectively, and the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading content were 87.9% and 0.57%. The final concentration of LM was 63.4 μg/mL. The release results showed 58.59% drug was released in 12 h. MTT results showed that the IC50 of LM@Lip on HepG2 and A549 cells was 20.16 and 15.39 μg/mL, respectively, and its in vitro antitumor was superior to that of LM. Conclusion: Liposomes can increase the stability and solubility of LM. LM@Lip showed slow-release profile and significant tumor inhibition superior to LM.

China boasts for its abundant resources of Trapa L.The fruit of Trapa has been given high edible and medicinal values so far.Trapa L.plants mainly contain terpenoids,sterols,phenolic acids and flavonoids.Current studies profotmdly analyzed the biological activities on hypoglycemic,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor,antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of it.Some preliminary studies over biological activities included the effects on reducing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),the inhibition of H2O2-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells,inducing HeLa cell apoptosis,analgesia,liver protection,anti-atherosclerosis and deworming.This paper reviewed literature on the chemical constituents and biological activities of Trapa L for the provision of a reference for the exploration and utilization of Trapa L.

Aerospace medicine has paid more and more attention to abnormal changes of physiological functions induced by weightlessness and studies on their prevention during space flight. In this paper, the effect of space weightlessness on cognitive functions was introduced. We tried to analyze the correlation between the cognitive function changes and relevant Chinese medical syndromes, thus providing a potential available way to prevent and treat weightlessness induced cognitive deficit during space flight.
Aerospace Medicine ; Cognition ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Weightlessness

Objective To compaire the physical characteristics of semen morphology before and after semen coagulation-liquefaction under microscope and understand the significance of these characteristics for the determination of semen liquefaction.Methods Semens were placed in sperm counting chamber immediately after collection.The morphological changes of the seminal gelatinous substance during liquefaction were observed under microscope and analyzed.Results Morphological changes during semen liquefaction can be clearly observed.Among 32 samples of semen,forward sperm progression and motility were (30.3?12.4)% and (45.0?14.9)%,(44.9?12.7)% and (59.0?15.3)%,before and after the liquefaction,respectively.The differences were statistically significant (t=-1.130,5.023,P0.05).Conclusions Microscopic observation of the seminal gelatinous substance is a simple and feasible method for objective measurement of sperm liquefaction.These findings suggest it may provide pathological significance on semen liquefaction abnormality in infertility clinic.

OBJECTIVETo study and compare the prophylatic efficacy of levetiracetam, valproate and phenobarbital on febrile convulsions in rats.

METHODSSixty Wistar rats were randomly administered with levetiracetam (200 mg/kg), valproate (250 mg/kg), phenobarbital (30 mg/kg) or normal saline (8 ml/kg) for 5 days. Five days later, febrile convulsions were induced by hyperthermal bath (45 Celcius degree). The latency, duration and the severity of seizures were observed.

RESULTSIn all the three drug-treated groups, the latency was significantly prolonged, and the duration and the severity of seizures were notably reduced compared with the saline group (P<0.05 or 0.01). The phenobarbital group had the shortest duration of seizures and the least severe seizures among the three drug-treated groups. There were no significant differences between the levetiracetam and valproate groups.

CONCLUSIONSContinuous administration of levetiracetam, valproate or phenobarbital is effective in preventing recurrent febrile convulsions in rats. Phenobarbital appears to be more effective than levetiracetam and valproate. There were no significant differences in the prophylactic efficacy between levetiracetam and valproate.

Animals ; Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phenobarbital ; therapeutic use ; Piracetam ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Recurrence ; Seizures, Febrile ; prevention & control ; Valproic Acid ; therapeutic use

AIM: To observe the changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness ( SFCT ) after intravitreal injections of ranibizumab ( IVR ) for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion ( RVO) .
METHODS:Thirty-six eyes of 36 patients with macular edema secondary to RVO) were treated with 0. 5mg IVR monthly for 3mo and received additional IVR as needed over the following 1a period. SFCT of the all eyes ( the affected eyes with RVO and unaffected fellow eyes ) was measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images before and after the IVR.
RESULTS: The mean SFCT of the affected eyes with RVO decreased from 246. 7±115. 0μm at baseline to 220. 5±102.0μm at 1mo (P<0.05), 198.3± 114.0μm at 6mo (P<0.01), 212. 6± 96. 0μm at 12mo (P<0. 01). Whereas the fellow eyes changed from 229. 4±108. 0μm at baseline to 226. 3±107. 0μm at 1mo (P>0. 05), 228. 6±127. 0μm at 6mo (P>0.05), 223.6±101.0μm at 12mo(P>0.05). There were statistically significant difference between affected eyes with RVO and unaffected fellow eyes.
CONCLUSION: The SFCT is decreased after IVR for macular edema secondary to RVO. IVR seems to affect the hemorheology of the choroid.

Objective To investigate the correlation between cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA - 4 ) and primary nephrotic sysdrome(PNS) with the pathologic type of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN) of glucocorticoid(GC) resistance. Methods The polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism( PCR - RFLP) analysis was used to investigate the genotype of position - 318 promoter of CTLA- 4 gene of 36 patient children and 30 healthy controls. Results The frequences of genotypes at position - 318 promoter of CTLA- 4 gene in patients were 38.9% for CC,61.1 % for TC and 0% for TT. The frequences of alleles at this position were 69.4% for C allele and 30.6% for T allele. The frequences of genotypes and alleles in children were not significantly different from those in controls. Conclusion CTLA-4 promoter ( -318)C/T dimorphism was not associated with PNS- MsPGN of GC resistance, which hinted that the polymorphism may be not inlolved in pathogenensis of PNS-MsPGN and the mechanism of GC resistance.

Objective To investigate the effects of bedside blinding method of active indwelling of nasojejunal tube combined with the nasogastric tube gastrointestinal decompression for patients with severe stroke.Methods 50 patients with severe stroke were selected and divided into two groups by using random number tables,which are the observation group and the control group,with 25 cases in each group.The patients in the observation group were treated with bedside blinding method of active indwelling of nasojejunal tube combined with the nasogastric tube gastrointestinal decompression,while the patients in the control group simply received bedside indwelling of nasogastric tube.The enteral nutritional goal -rate of target feeding volume on the 7th day and the 14th day after admission and trace the incidence of gastric stasis,the reflux and aspiration,the aspiration pneumonia in the patients of the two groups within 14 days and the situation of the days of mechanical ventilation,the days in ICU and the 30 -day mortality of patients were compared in the two groups.Results The enteral nutritional goal -rate of target feeding volume on the 7th day and the 14th day in the observation group were superior to those of the control group[The goal -rate of target feeding volume on the 7th day:88% vs.64%,χ2 =3.947,P =0.047;the goal -rate of target feeding volume on the 14th day:80% vs.52%,χ2 =4.367,P =0.037].Meanwhile the incidence of gastric stasis,the reflux and aspiration,the aspiration pneumonia in the patients of the observation group within 14 days were significantly lower than those in the patients of the control group within 14 days[The gastric retention rate:8% vs.56%(14 /25 ),χ2 =10.784,P =0.001;the reflux rate:0% vs.24%(6 /25),χ2 =4.735,P =0.03;the aspiration rate:8% vs.32%,χ2 =4.500,P =0.034;the incidence of aspiration pneumonia:24% vs.68%,χ2 =9.742,P =0.002].The days of mechanical ventilation and the days in ICU of the patients in the observation group are far less than those of the patients in the control group[The days of mechanical ventilation:(11.16 ±4.86)d vs.(13.72 ±3.67)d,t =-2.101,P =0.041;the days in ICU:(15.36 ±5.66)d vs.(18.72 ±2.99)d,t =-2.625,P =0.012].While there was no significant difference between the two groups on the 30 -day mortality(24% vs.32%,χ2 =0.397,P =0.529).Conclusion The bedside blinding method of active indwelling of nasojejunal tube combined with the nasogastric tube gastrointestinal decompression can significantly improve the enteral nutritional goal -rate of target feeding volume for patients with severe stroke and greatly reduce the incidence of gastric stasis,the reflux and aspiration,the aspiration pneumonia,and limit the days of mechanical ventilation and the days in ICU.Accordingly,it has the value of popularization in the clinical application.