OBJECTIVE: To optimize the extraction proces of protein and polysaccharides from Antler Velvet using high intensity pulsed electric fields. METHODS: With water as solvent, electric field intensity, pulse number and solid-liquid ratio as investigation parameters, an L9(34) orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal process for simultaneous extraction of protein and polysaccharides from Antler Velvet. RESULTS: When the extraction by high intensity pulsed electric fields was conducted at the solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 g·mL-1 and electric field intensity of 20 kV·cm-1, with pulse number of 10, the protein extraction rate reached 12.32%, and polysaccharides extraction rate could reach 3.25%. CONCLUSION: The optimized process can effectively and simu-taneously extract protein and polysaccharides from Antler Velvet.

Photodynamic therapy(PDT) is a treatment modality by highly reactive oxygen intermediates generated through the interaction of light with a photosensiziter. It has been shown to be an effective treatment for various cutaneous and noncutaneous malignancies. It is efficient for the curative and palliative treatment of epithelial skin tumor in situ or early invasive lesions. In effect, it is a useful alternative treatment for the lesions located on anatomically difficult areas or the large-sized lesions. We treated a case of Bowen's disease arising on the plantar area and 3rd and 4th toewebs of left forefoot in a 61-year-old man with PDT using the hematoporphyrin derivative, porfirmer sodium(Photofrin, Russia) as a photosensitizer and gold vapor laser as a visible light source. The outcome showed partial clinical improvement after about 2 months' follow-up.
Bowen's Disease* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoporphyrin Derivative ; Humans ; Lasers, Gas ; Light ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen ; Palliative Care ; Photochemotherapy* ; Skin

Aerospace medicine has paid more and more attention to abnormal changes of physiological functions induced by weightlessness and studies on their prevention during space flight. In this paper, the effect of space weightlessness on cognitive functions was introduced. We tried to analyze the correlation between the cognitive function changes and relevant Chinese medical syndromes, thus providing a potential available way to prevent and treat weightlessness induced cognitive deficit during space flight.
Aerospace Medicine ; Cognition ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Weightlessness

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass induces an acute systemic inflammatory response mediated by complement activation and cytokine release. This response is likely to cause capillary leak syndrome and organ dysfunction in infants. Removing harmful cytokines and complement anaphylatoxins after cardiopulmonary bypass may attenuate this response. This study was conducted to see if the modified ultrafiltration and postoperative peritoneal dialysis can reduce plasma inflammatory mediators in pediatric cardiac surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 30 infants (age 1.1 to 12.6 months) who underwent closures of ventricular septal defect using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided into three groups; 10 patients selected randomly underwent modified ultrafiltration (Group U), 10 with small body weights ( Anaphylatoxins ; Body Weight ; Capillary Leak Syndrome ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Complement Activation ; Complement C3a ; Complement System Proteins ; Cytokines ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Infant ; Interleukin-6 ; Peritoneal Dialysis* ; Plasma ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Ultrafiltration*

Clear cell sarcoma of the tendon and aponeurosis was first described by Enzinger in 1965, and has become a well-accepted clinicopathological entity as malignant melanoma of soft parts. Although it posesses the ability to produce melanin, it is quite different from conventional melanoma in that, it is more deeply located, usually associated with tendon and aponeurosis, displays pale-staining round to oval-shaped tumor cells and has a longer clinical course and better prognosis.Several cases have been reported in Korea, and we experiened an additional case of this rare tumor that showed ulceration.
Korea ; Melanins ; Melanoma ; Sarcoma, Clear Cell* ; Tendons* ; Ulcer

Objective:To evaluate the anti-HIV-1 activity of two new nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), JB25 and JB26, in combination with 3 approved drugs (AZT, EFV, SQV)in vitro.Methods:The serially diluted 10 concentrations of JB25 and JB26 were combined with 7 serially diluted AZT, EFV and SQV respectively.The combination was added to 384 cell culture plates and then cocultured with HIV-1 ⅢB infected MT-2 cells for 3 days. Finally, the HIV-1 production was determined by measuring the expression of reporter genes of TZM bl cells. The data were analyzed by MacSynergy Ⅱ software.Results:The average capacity of synergism/antagonism of JB25 with AZT, EFV and SQV was 244.45/-5.05(nmol/L)~2%, 119.58/-65.93 (nmol/L)~2% and 145.83/-0.32 (nmol/L)~2% respectively;the average capacity of synergism/antagonism of JB26 with AZT, EFV and SQV was 398.90/0(nmol/L)~2%, 103.62/-0.49(nmol/L)~2% and 138.473/-0.27 (nmol/L)~2% respectively. Conclusion:Two new NNRTIs JB25 and JB26 develop synergism when combined with 3 approved drugs, respectively. MacSynergy Ⅱ software could evaluate the anti-HIV-1 activity of drug combination.

No abstract available.
Splenectomy*

In 25 aortic regurgitation patients relationship between degree of aortic regurgitation graded by 2-D color Doppler echocardiography and diastolic fluttering of anterior mitral leaflet on M-mode echocardiography was evaluated. The results were that all 13 aortic regurgitation patients, not associated with mitral stenosis, showed diastolic fluttering of anterior mitral leaflet; but only 3 patients among 12 patients (25%), associated with mitral stenosis, had characteristic mitral fluttering. On the whole, regardless of associated mitral stenosis, the sensitivity was 64%. In severe aortic regurgitation (Grade 3, 4 group) 12/13 patients revealed diastolic fluttering of anterior mitral leaflet (sensitivity of 92%); in mild to moderate aortic regurgitation (Grade 1, 2 group), only 4/12 patients (sensitivity of 33%). In conclusion, 2-D color Doppler echocardiography is a very useful method for detection of aortic regurgitation without difficulty. And in aortic regurgitation, not associated with mitral stenosis, fine fluttering of anterior mitral leaflet is a very sensitive sign of existence of aortic regurgitation, though there may be some false positive findings in normal individuals.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency* ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Stenosis

We experienced five cases of solitary fibrous tumor; two in the pleura, two in the orbital soft tissue, and one in the lung parenchyma. Three patients were male, and the age of the patients ranged from 38 to 71 years (mean age: 53.6). Grossly, the masses were well circumscribed and had varying sizes from 2.5 to 30.0 cm. The cut surfaces were grayish-yellow firm with focal variegated hemorrhage, necrosis, cystic change, and myxoid area. Microscopically, these were characterized by a haphazard proliferation of spindle cells or polygonal cells separated by variable amounts of hyalinized collagen and showed a prominent vascular channels reminiscent of hemangiopericytoma in foci. Immunoperoxidase stains showed a strong reactivity for CD34, and were weakly positive for vimentin. Electron microscopical examination revealed features of fibroblast; spindle to round tumor cells were arranged in groups and surrounded by collagen. Nucleoli were seldom prominent. The cytoplasm contained many microfilaments and a moderate number of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Collagen ; Coloring Agents ; Cytoplasm ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Fibroblasts ; Hemangiopericytoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Lung ; Male ; Necrosis ; Orbit ; Pleura ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors* ; Vimentin

Children's food behaviors have been expressed in a various ways because of recent changes in their family environment. Thus, this study was performed to investigate in-depth qualitative research on the mother's perception on children's food behaviors by focused group interview. This study was designed in four steps of planning, collection of participants, process, and analysis. Participants for the focus group interview were recruited and sampled from households with elementary school students in the Seoul and Gyeonggido areas. Groups were divided by total income and education expense levels. 1) High income household: It is better to improve currently existing web sites for nutrition education. 2) Mid income household: Easy, practical, and inexpensive off-line cooking class/nutrition education classes for mothers are needed. Nutrition programs for children should be developed through mass media and be promoted in the broadcasting circle. 3) Low income household: Motivation is required for mothers' education and the serious nutritional problems of children should be informed through mass media and home correspondence from school. And interesting educational materials should be developed for children to read whenever they want.
Child ; Cooking ; Family Characteristics ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Mass Media ; Mothers ; Motivation ; Qualitative Research