Orange peel was used as lowcost adsorbent in binding of Methylene Blue.The effects of equilibrium time,pH,dye concentration have been studied.Carboxyl,amine and phosphonate functional groups were present in the orange peel.The equilibrium time was 1 hour,the maximum adsorption capacities of the orange peel was 370.3?31.0 mg/g at pH 10.The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were well fitted in this biosorption system.Results showed relatively higher rate constant and biosorption capacities.These adsorption performance indicate the orange peel as a potentially economical adsorbent for dye removal.

Objective To provide the anatomical basis for detecting distal outflow tract in late atherosclerosis obliteration in lower extremities.Methods Ten lower extremities that were amputated above knees because of late atherosclerosis obliteration were used in this experiment.The blood vessels in the residual bodies were perfused to run blood vessel cast mould to observe the anatomical and pathological change of the popliteal artery,the anterior and posterior tibial arteries and their collateral vessels.The number and distribution of those collateral vessels were also observed.Results The popliteal artery,anterior and posterior tibial arteries were all occluded due to atherosclerosis.However,there were three types of those collateral arteries:① Atheromatous plaque in bole stretched into collateral arteries and led to occlusion.② Obliteration was only observed at the initial segment,with no obstruction at the distal end but extenuated.③ The collateral arteries originated from the bole artery symmetrically,keeping communicative with each other through punctiform interspaces.The last two types were mainly distributed at the inferior segment of popliteal artery,the superior segment of anterior and posterior tibial arteries,forming vascular anastomosing network in the whole cnemis muscle group.Conclusion Un-obstructed collateral arteries in certain places can be still found,though atherosclerosis obliteration is formed in popliteal artery,anterior and posterior tibial arteries in lower extremities.Therefore,it may be possible to construct collateral outflow tracts if endo-membrane stripping operation is performed.

Immobilized penicillin acylase was used for bioconversion of penicillin G into 6-APA in aqueous two-phase systems consisted of a light-sensitive polymer PNBC and a pH-sensitive polymer PADB.Partition coefficients of 6-APA was found to be:about 5.78,in the presence of 1% NaCl.Enzyme kinetic showed that reaction reached equilibrium at 7h or so.The 6-APA mole yields were 85.3%(pH 7.8,and 20 ℃) and this value was about 20%higher than control in reaction of single aqueous phase buffer.Partition coefficient of penicillin G(Na) washardly changeable,while partition coefficient of product,6-APA and phenylacetate acid was significantly changeable.Reason is due to Donnan effect of phase systems andhydrophobicity of products.The change of partition coefficients of products also affects bioconversion yield of products.In the aqueous two-phase systems,substrate,penicillin G,products 6-APA and phenylacetate acid are biased in top phase,while immobilized penicillin acylase is completely partitioned in bottom.Substrate,penicillin G enters into bottom phase,and it is catalyzed into 6-APA and phenylacetate acid,then the products enter into top phase.Finally,inhibition of substrate and products is removed to result in improvement of products yield.Moreover,immobilized enzymehashigher efficiency than immobilized cells and occupy smaller volume.Comparing with free enzyme,immobilized enzymehashigher stability,longer use life,completely partitioned in bottom phase and recycle.Bioconversion in two-phase systems using immobilized penicillin acylase showed outstanding advantage.The light-sensitive copolymer forming aqueous two-phase systems could be recovered by laser radiation at 488 nm or filtrated 450 nm light,while pH-sensitive polymer PADB could be recovered by isoelectric point(pH 4.1).The recovery of the two copolymers was 95%~99%.

Objective:To investigate the expression of PD-L1 in peripheral blood with gastric cancer patients and its clinical significance.Methods:Peripheral blood samples were collected from 44 gastric cancer patients (before and after the surgery) and 18 healthy subjects.The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on CD3+CD4+T,CD3+CD8+T cells and CD14+monocytes was detected by flow cy-tometry.Results:The expression of PD-L1 on CD14+monocytes of the gastric cancer patients was significantly higher than that of the healthy control[(29.2±16.7)% vs (17.5±9.7)%,P=0.007 3],while there was no statistical difference on CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells[(11.1±6.4)% vs(9.8±5.6)%,P=0.453 2;(13.9±12.0)% vs(12.0±7.1)%,P=0.558 9].The expression of PD-L1 on CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in patients with gastric cancer was significantly higher than that before surgery[(15.8 ± 8.2)% vs (11.1±6.4)%,P=0.001 5;(22.5±13.3)% vs(13.9±12.0)%,P=0.000 2].However,no significant change was found on CD14+mononuclear cells[(33.8±17.3)% vs (29.2±16.7)%,P=0.082 8].There was no significant difference in the expression of PD-1 on CD4+T and CD8+T cells before and after surgery[(25.6 ±9.9)% vs (26.9 ±8.9)%,P=0.505 5;(26.5 ±14.6)% vs (29.9 ± 10.4)%,P=0.118 7].Conclusion:PD-L1 can be used as an effective marker to monitor the immune function and prognosis of patients with primary gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND:Tetracycline hydrochloride not only promotes the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs),but also has a strong bone activity.Studies on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by tetracycline hydrochloride will provide a new cell source for bone tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE:To observe the induction and differentiation activity of BMSCs into osteoblasts cultured by tetracycline hydrochloride in vitro.METHODS:BMSCs were separated and expanded by whole bone marrow adherent method and identified by cell morphology and BMSCs cell markers CD34,CD45,CD90,CD29.Passage 3 BMSCs were collected and cultured with tetracycline hydrochloride (experimental group) or cultured in L-DMEM containing 10％ fetal bovine serum (control group).Osteogenic induction and differentiation activity of BMSCs cultured by tetracycline hydrochloride were detected by alkaline phosphatase activity detection,collagen I and osteocalcin immunohistochemistry staining,alizarin red staining of mineralized calcium nodules,and detection of collagen I and osteocalcin gene expression by RT-PCR.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tetracycline hydrochloride continuously promoted alkaline phosphatase activity in the BMSCs,significantly different from that in the control group.After 21 days of culture,positive expression of collagen I and osteocalcin proteins,red calcium nodules shown by alizarin red staining,and mRNA expression of collagen I and osteocalcin were observed in the experimental group,while the negative expression was found in the control group.In conclusion,tetracycline hydrochloride has a significant role to promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

Objective To investigate the Wallerian degeneration of neural fiber tract in medulla and bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle following pontine infarction and to explore its impacts on neurological recovery.Methods Fourteen patients with a recent unilateral pontine infarct underwent the diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and evaluations with the NIH stroke scale(NIHSS),the Fugl-Meyer motor scale(FM), ataxia rating scale(ARS)and the Barthel index(BI)at the first week(W1),the fourth(W4)and twelfth week(W12)respectively.Mean diffusivity(MD)and fractional anisotropy(FA)were measured at pons, medulla and middle cerebellar peduncle.Fourteenth age and gender matched volunteers underwent a DTI were studied as controls.Results Compared with the matched regions in controls,the FA values of infarct side medulla and bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle in patients significantly decreased at W1,W4 and W12(on the infarct side of medulla:W1:0.43?0.01;W4:0.37?0.02;W12:0.30?0.02;on the infarct side of middle cerebellar peduncle:W1:0.50?0.01;W4:0.43?0.02;W12:0.35?0.04;on the opposite side of middle cerebellar peduncle infarction:W1:0.54?0.02;W4:0.52?0.03;W12:0.47?0.04,t values are 1.92 to 28.56,P0.05 respectively).The absolute value of percent reduction of FA in infarct side medulla and bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle was correlated negatively to the absolute value of percent change of NIHSS and BI score(P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the release in fixed position of pH-dependent and enzyme-dependent Kangfuxin colon targeting capsules in vivo and in vitro.

METHODThe dissolution was tested in vitro and X-ray radiography was used for the evaluation in vivo.

RESULTAfter two hours pH-dependent colon targeting in man-made colon fluid, medicine release in fixed position on the whole, colon loc-release. Add enzyme into man-made colon, when enzyme-dependent colon targeting in it, then medicine release quickly, mainly release in fixed position; The conveying time in vivo of pH-dependent and enzyme-dependent capsules have big individuality difference. In the experiment, disintegration is stabilize among individuales, between 2.0-3.5 hours.

CONCLUSIONKangfuxin colon targeting capsules of two principles all release in fixed position to achieve the goal.

Animals ; Capsules ; Colon ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Materia Medica ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Periplaneta ; chemistry ; Polygalacturonase ; chemistry ; Radiography

OBJECTIVETo prepare coated micro-pellets of pH-dependent and enzyme-dependent kangfuxin colon targeting delivery system, to make them go to colon, then release, educe partial effect.

METHODWe eploy pan-pill to prepare simple pellets, and prepare tunicatus pellets with fluidized bed coating. We investigated the preparation and parameter of pellets, so, we bolting the best shaping and tunicatus artwork.

RESULTThe ingredients for preparing the micro-pellets are 125% starch +2% CMC-Na, and add 30% ethanol to be binder, pellets were coated with Eudragit S100 to prepare ph-dependent and pectin-HPMC to prepare enzyme-dependent colon targeting micro-pellets.

CONCLUSIONWe get two micro-pellets of pH-dependent and enzyme-dependent kangfuxin colon targeting.

Animals ; Colon ; metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypromellose Derivatives ; Materia Medica ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Methylcellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; Pectins ; Periplaneta ; chemistry ; Polymethacrylic Acids

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of total body irradiation of the donor in a spontaneous tolerance rat liver transplantation model and the role of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells on induction of immunotolerance in the recipient.

METHODSLiver transplantation was performed using male Lewis rats as donors and male DA rats as recipients. These rats were randomly allocated into the following groups:Control group, Homogeneity Liver Transplantation group, Idio-immunotolerance group and Acute Rejection group. After transplantation, survival time rate of each group were observed. Serum ALT, TB level, Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, expression of GITR on T cell subgroup, histopathology of the hepatic graft on day 14, spleen CTL lytic activity on day 14 were measured.

RESULTSIn the Idio-immunotolerance group, the recipients suffered from transient rejection after surgery but acquired immunotolerance and survived long. In the Acute Rejection group, the donors were preconditioned with total body irradiation before liver transplantation. All recipients died between day 17 to 21. Serum ALT and TB increased significantly and the ratio of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells decreased significantly compared with the Idio-immunotolerance group, the Homogeneity Liver Transplantation group and the Control group. The expression of GITR on CD3(+)CD4(+)T cells in the peripheral blood decreased, the expression of GITR on CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells and CTL lytic activity of the recipients increased by preconditioning of the donors with total body irradiation.

CONCLUSIONSPreconditioning of the donors with total body irradiation eliminated the passenger lymphocytes of the liver graft, decreased the expression of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in peripheral blood, and increased the expression of GITR on CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells, thus affected the course of tolerance and induced acute rejection after liver transplantation.

Animals ; Liver Transplantation ; immunology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous ; immunology ; Whole-Body Irradiation