To standardize the harvest ways of Dendrobium officinale and improve the quality and yield of D. officinale, a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of two kinds of harvest ways, which were keeping some of the axial shoot and harvesting all of the shoot by the end of the year. Then, the agronomic traits and yield were measured and the contents of polysaccharides and extractum were determined. The results showed that the harvest ways significantly affected the growth of D. officinale. Keeping some of the axial shoot could significantly improved the number of sprout, stem length, internode number and the internodal length, which also triggered increase the weight of fresh stems, leaves and the total of them and dry stems in per unit area, but it could not promote the stem diameter and the polysaccharide content in stems. Keeping some of the axial shoot moderately was conducive to the improvement of the production of medicinal materials in the process of harvesting by promoting the germination and growth of new buds, and to ensure the polysaccharide content by regulating the illumination and the density of cultivation.
Agriculture ; methods ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; growth & development

Objective To observe the effects of electrical acupuncture for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (DO) caused by spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Twenty SCI patients with DO were included in this study. There were 18 males and 2 females;age ranged from 17 to 58 years. Patients were given electro-acupuncture treatment at the bilateral S3 foramen at the lateral position during the vidio-urodynamic investigation when the detrusor of the patients began to contract.The different intensities of electrical stimulation were used when the DO appeared during cystometry and the most effective intensity to inhibit DO was determined. Then, the bladder was emptied and the stimulation with selected intensity was used at the beginning of cystometry. The changes of parameters in the urodynamics, the urinary incontinence times per day and the pad used per day were recorded. The acute effects were observed. Ten days were set as one course and after 3 courses and 9 courses the patients underwent urodynamic test again. The long-term effects were observed.Results After treatment, the urinary incontinence times per day and the pad used per day decreased obviously (P<0. 05). The bladder capacity increased significantly and the maximum intravesical pressure decreased significantly. There were 3 patients having the long terms treatment. Conclusions The Chinese electro-acupuncture at S3 foramen in the SCI patients with DO is demonstrated effective. After the treatment bladder capacity could increase and the times of the urinary incontinence per week decrease.

Objective To know the treatment compliance in patients after kidney transplantation(RT) and the influence factors.Methods A random sampling method was used in the study.220 past-operative patients were investigated with questionnaires, which contents included the basic knowledge about RT,the treatmentcompliance,the level of RT-related knowledge and the social support.The Statistical Package for Social Science 11.0 was used for data analysis.Results The total score of treatment compliance wag(10.34±1.56).Wherein the score of compliance of lire style was the highest and that of regular recheck was the lowest.The economy status,the basic knowledge about RT,the style of medical payments,the time after the operation and the social support were the main factors related to treatment compliance in patients after RT.Conclusions Treatment compliance in patients after RT will down-regulate the survival rate of patient/kidney and quality of patient's life. We should improve the patients'health education and clinic follow-up,provide better social support to improve the treatment compliance.

ObjectiveTo assess the value of passive leg raising (PLR) test in predicting fluid responsiveness in patients with sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.Methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted. Thirty-eight patients under mechanical ventilation suffering from sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction admitted to Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit of First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from September 2013 to July 2014 were enrolled. The patients were studied in four phases: before PLR (semi-recumbent position with the trunk in 45°), PLR (the lower limbs were raised to a 45° angle while the trunk was in a supine position), before volume expansion (VE, return to the semi-recumbent position), and VE with infusing of 250 mL 5% albumin within 30 minutes. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded in every phase. The patients were classified into two groups according to their response to VE: responders (at least a 15% increase in stroke volume,ΔSVVE≥15%), and non-responders. The correlations among all changes in hemodynamic parameters were analyzed by linear correlation analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to assess the value of hemodynamic parameters before and after PLR in predicting fluid responsiveness.Results Of 38 patients, 25 patients were responders, and 13 non-responders. There was no significant difference in the baseline and hemodynamic parameters at semi-recumbent position between the two groups. The changes in SV and cardiac output (CO) after PLR (ΔSVPLR andΔCOPLR) were significantly higher in responders than those of non-responders [ΔSVPLR: (14.7±5.7)%vs. (6.4±5.3)%,t = 4.304,P = 0.000;ΔCOPLR: (11.2±7.5)% vs. (3.4±2.3)%,t = 3.454,P = 0.001], but there was no significant difference in the changes in systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate after PLR (ΔSBPPLR,ΔMAPPLR,ΔPPPLR andΔHRPLR) between two groups.ΔSVVE in responders was significantly higher than that of the non-responders [(20.8±5.5) % vs. (5.0±3.7) %,t = 8.347,P = 0.000]. It was shown by correlation analysis thatΔSVPLR was positively correlated withΔSVVE (r = 0.593,P = 0.000),ΔCOPLR was positively correlated withΔSVVE (r = 0.494,P = 0.002). The area under ROC curve (AUC) ofΔSVPLR≥8.1% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.860±0.062 (P = 0.000), with sensitivity of 92.0% and specificity of 70.0%; the AUC ofΔCOPLR≥5.6% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.840±0.070 (P = 0.000), with sensitivity of 84.0%and specificity of 76.9%; the AUC ofΔMAPPLR≥6.9% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.662±0.089, with sensitivity of 68.0% and specificity of 76.9%; the AUC ofΔSBPPLR≥6.4% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.628±0.098, with sensitivity of 76.0% and specificity of 61.5%; the AUC ofΔPPPLR≥6.2% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.502±0.094, with sensitivity of 56.0% and specificity of 53.8%; the AUC ofΔHRPLR≥-1.7%for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.457±0.100, with sensitivity of 56.0% and specificity of 46.2%.Conclusion In patients with sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, changes in SV and CO induced by PLR are accurate indices for predicting fluid responsiveness, but the changes in HR, MAP, SBP and PP cannot predict the fluid responsiveness.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of directly observed treatment (DOT) implementation in tuberculosis (TB) control in China.

METHODSSystematic literature review was carried out for published and unpublished articles regarding DOT, and meta analysis was used to compile results from selected papers. Also, sensitive analysis was carried out to explore the potential factors influencing the effectiveness of DOT.

RESULTSTwo hundred and four articles were identified from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Medline databases during 1994 - 2004 in which 120 articles were eligible according to our selection criteria. (1) Regarding TB case management: TB patients managed under DOT was compared to cases managed under the whole course treatment management (WCM). The combined RD of cure rate was 0.14 (95% CI: 0.06 - 0.22) and the two case management methods were significantly different (P < 0.00001). Data from stratified analysis showed that strict implementation of WMC had similar effectiveness with DOT (P = 0.06), and with RD 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00 - 0.03). However, the cure rate of DOT management was significantly better than that under un-strict WCM management (P < 0.05) with RD 0.16 (95% CI: 0.07 - 0.24). The cure rate of DOT was significantly better than those patients under self-administration (RD was 0.24 with 95% CI: 0.10 - 0.38 and P = 0.002). (2) Chemotherapeutics: when short-course and long course-treatments were compared, the combined RD became 0.04 (95% CI: 0.01 - 0.07) and P = 0.003.

CONCLUSIONSIf the implementation was under strict management, the different models of patient management showed similar adherence rates. However, the effect of adherence would depend on the regimen, pattern of intake of the drugs and the methods of supervision being used.

China ; Directly Observed Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Patient Care Management ; methods ; Patient Compliance ; statistics & numerical data ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis ; drug therapy ; prevention & control

Objective To investigate the value of T-SPOT in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children.Methods 43 children who were admitted to a hospital and confirmed with TB between March 2015 and May 2016 were as TB group,50 children who were excluded TB as well as healthy children in the outpatient and inpatient departments of this hospital during the same period were as control group,two groups were underwent detection of TSPOT,PPD,MTB-Ab,and acid fast stain,results were compared,subgroup analysis was conducted on the positive of T-SPOT in children with different infection sites and in different age groups.Results Sensitivity and negative predictive value of T-SPOT were significantly higher than the other three methods(P＜0.05),specificity was also higher than that of PPD(P＜0.05);positive rates of T-SPOT in pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis were 88.9 ％ and 81.3 ％ respectively,difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05);positive rates of T-SPOT in children ≤5 years and ＞5 years were 70.6％ and 96.2％ respectively,difference was statistically sig-nificant(P＜0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of combined detection of T-SPOT and PPD for diagnosis of TB were 95.3 ％ and 98.0％ respectively,which were both higher than the single method(P＜0.05).Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of T-SPOT for detecting TB in children are both superior to traditional methods,T SPOT is also suitable for the detection of extrapulmonary tuberculosis,and can be used as the main method for laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis in children,but it is uncertainty in children under 5 years of age,and should be rationally combined with PPD to improve the diagnosis of TB among children.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of meteorological factors on the outbreak of bacillary dysentery, so as to provide suggestions for disease prevention.

METHODSBased on the Chinese medicine theory of Yunqi, the descriptive statistics, single-factor correlation analysis and back-propagation artificial neural net-work were conducted using data on five basic meteorological factors and data on incidence of bacillary dysentery in Beijing, China, for the period 1970-2004.

RESULTSThe incidence of bacillary dysentery showed significant positive correlation relationship with the precipitation, relative humidity, vapor pressure, and temperature, respectively. The incidence of bacillary dysentery showed a negatively correlated relationship with the wind speed and the change trend of average wind speed. The results of medical-meteorological forecast model showed a relatively high accuracy rate.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a close relationship between the meteorological factors and the incidence of bacillary dysentery, but the contributions of which to the onset of bacillary dysentery are different to each other.

China ; epidemiology ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; epidemiology ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Incidence ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meteorological Concepts ; Models, Theoretical ; Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVE Based on the brain-gut axis theory,to investigate the antipyretic effect and immune regulation function of Tongfu Xiere therapy in fever rats with meningitis.METHODS The rat fever model induced bacterial Meninggitis was established with inj ecting the Escherichia coli into cerebellomedullary cistern.The experimental animals were divided into six groups:the normal group,the model group,Dachengqi decoction group,Xingnaoj ing inj ection group,Dachengqi decoction+Xingnaojing injection group and paracetamol group.Antipyretic effect of each drug was observed by measuring body temper-ature after treatment.The levels of IFN-γ,IL-4 and SP in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RE-SULTS Compared to the model group,Dachengqi decoction group,Xingnaojing injection group and Dachengqi decoction+Xingnaojing injection group significantly reduced the temperature of the fever rats(P<0.05),the levels of IFN-γ(P<0.01), IL-4(P<0.05)and SP(P<0.05),and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Tongfu Xiere therapy shows anti-pyretic effect on fever rats with Meningitis,which is related to immune regulation biologically mediated by brain-gut axis com-ponents.

Objective To explore the efficacy of 99Tcm-octrotide somatostatin receptor imaging in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods Thirty consecutive patients with pulmonary neoplasms were studied. All lesions detected by scintigraphy were confirmed by histopathology and/or by other imaging modalities. Tumor to non-tumor tissue ratios (T/N) was calculated for semiquantitative analysis. The statistical analysis was carried out using Student t test. Results The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in differentiating malignant from benign lesion was 95.7%, 71.4% and 90.0%, respectively. Positive image finding was obtained in 24 of 30 patients, and 2 of those was actually false positive on 99Tcm-octrotide imaging. Six patients had negative 99Tcm-octrotide imaging, and one of these was false negative. Forty-six lesions were detected by nuclear imaging, and 3 of these 46 lesions had not been revealed by CT or ultrasound examination. T/N ratio was 2.78±1.07 for SCLC and 1.75±0.31 for NSCLC, respectively(t=3.82,P< 0.05). Conclusion 99Tcm-octreotide somatostatin receptor image can display the distribution of somatostatin receptor in lung cancer. The octreotide uptake rate in small cell lung cancer is significantly higher than in non-small lung cancer, therefore, 99Tca-octreotide image may be more helpful in detecting small cell lung cancer. It can be used as a supplementary diagnostic method to other conventional method.

Objective To explore the efficacy of 99Tcm-octrotide somatostatin receptor imaging in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods Thirty consecutive patients with pulmonary neoplasms were studied. All lesions detected by scintigraphy were confirmed by histopathology and/or by other imaging modalities. Tumor to non-tumor tissue ratios (T/N) was calculated for semiquantitative analysis. The statistical analysis was carried out using Student t test. Results The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in differentiating malignant from benign lesion was 95.7%, 71.4% and 90.0%, respectively. Positive image finding was obtained in 24 of 30 patients, and 2 of those was actually false positive on 99Tcm-octrotide imaging. Six patients had negative 99Tcm-octrotide imaging, and one of these was false negative. Forty-six lesions were detected by nuclear imaging, and 3 of these 46 lesions had not been revealed by CT or ultrasound examination. T/N ratio was 2.78±1.07 for SCLC and 1.75±0.31 for NSCLC, respectively(t=3.82,P< 0.05). Conclusion 99Tcm-octreotide somatostatin receptor image can display the distribution of somatostatin receptor in lung cancer. The octreotide uptake rate in small cell lung cancer is significantly higher than in non-small lung cancer, therefore, 99Tca-octreotide image may be more helpful in detecting small cell lung cancer. It can be used as a supplementary diagnostic method to other conventional method.