OBJECTIVETo establish the migraine rheumatism stasis syndrome animal model.

METHODThe rat migraine rheumatism stasis syndrome animal model was established through rheumatism stimulation with manual climate box, 5-HT reduction caused by reserpine and local cerebral vasospasm. General vital signs (activity, weight, eye gum, hair, feeding, excrement), head scratch frequency and image collection were observed to analyze the changes in biological signs of stasis syndrome (tongue image RGB), thrombin and serotonin of model rats.

RESULTThe reserpine group and the reserpine plus rheumatism model group showed significant reduction in blood coagulation time, pain threshold and 5-HT content in blood and brain (P < 0.01); the reserpine plus rheumatism model group showed an increase in eye gum and decreases in activity, feeding, with thin sloppy stool. According to the tough RGB values, the control group showed light red toughs, the reserpine group showed dark purple toughs, the reserpine plus rheumatism model group showed gray toughs, with notable differences in tough RGB values in all three group.

CONCLUSIONThe rheumatism stimulation with manual climate box, 5-HT reduction caused by reserpine and local cerebral vasospasm can be used to induce the migraine rheumatism stasis syndrome animal model, but its modeling assessment method and process shall be further improved.

Animals ; Blood Circulation ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Migraine Disorders ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rheumatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; physiopathology

Objective To analyze the research status and hotspot of occupational methanol poisoning at home and abroad. Methods ， The China National Knowledge Resource Database Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and Web of Science were used as the data sources. The relevant literatures on occupational methanol poisoning published in domestic and foreign ， Results journals up to June 30 2021 were searched. The bibliometrics was used to analyzed the literatures. A total of 255 literatures were included in analysis. There were 187 Chinese articles and 68 English articles. Most of Chinese articles were ， ， published from 2001 to 2005 with an average of 26.7 literatures per five years until June 2021. Among them 72 literatures （ ）， ， were published in core journals 38.5% and 176 authors from 27 provinces autonomous regions and municipality directly ， under the central government published relevant literatures. The research contents mainly focused on the classification ， ， poisoning mode clinical manifestations visual impairment and poisoning prevention and treatment of occupational methanol - ， poisoning. Most of the English literatures were published in 2016 2020 with an average of 4.9 articles per five years until June ， （ ）， 2021. Among them 36 were published in SCI journals 52.9% and 57 authors from 11 countries published relevant ， ， ， literatures. The research contents mainly focused on the clinical diagnosis drug treatment intoxication mechanism visual Conclusion sequelae and brain injury of occupational methanol poisoning. The research on occupational methanol poisoning ， ， ， mainly focuses on clinical diagnosis clinical manifestations treatment and prognosis and pathogenesis. The focus of relevant research at home and abroad is different.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEAs chemotherapy is generally used in the clinical treatment of cancer, the problem of multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumors against the chemotherapeutic agents becomes more and more serious. It has been the major cause for the failure of the chemotherapy. We detected the expressions of beta-catenin and tumor drug resistance related proteins, MRP2, P-gp, and Bcl-2, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to explore their function and correlation in the occurrence and development of MDR in ESCC.

METHODSWe used the tissue microarray technique, immunohistochemistry, and image analysis methods to detect the expressions of MRP2, P-gp, beta-catenin, and Bcl-2 proteins and analyze their relationships with clinical data in a ESCC tissue microarray consisting of 582 specimens of ESCC, 294 specimens of normal mucosa, 92 specimens of basal cell hyperplasia, and 87 specimens of dysplasia adjacent to cancer tissue.

RESULTSThe integral optical density (IOD) of MRP2 and Bcl-2, which was 195.7 +/- 175.9 x 10(3)) and 90.5 +/- 112.5 x 10(3)), respectively, was significantly higher in ESCC than in normal mucosa, which was 104.8 +/- 86.1 x103) and 25.2 +/- 46.6 x 10(3)), respectively (P < 0.01). The IOD of P-gp and beta-catenin, which was 57.7 +/- 75.5 x 10(3)) and 32.0 +/- 47.0 x 10(3)) respectively, was significantly lower in ESCC than in normal mucosa, which was 114.8 +/- 106.6 x 10(3)) and 46.1 +/- 35.7 x 10(3)), respectively (P < 0.01). According to the following order, well differentiated moderately differentiated poorly differentiated, the IOD of MRP2 increased in ESCC (P < 0.01). The IOD of beta-catenin was higher in poorly differentiated ESCC than in well or moderately differentiated ESCC (P < 0.01). The IOD of Bcl-2 was lower in well differentiated ESCC than in poorly and moderately differentiated ESCC (P < 0.01). The IOD of beta-catenin and Bcl-2 was higher in the ESCC of specimens with infiltration depths that were in membrane mucosa than those in the muscular layer or serous coat (P < 0.01). The IOD of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in cases without (P < 0.01). Positive correlations which were respectively between the expressions of P-gp and MRP2, the expressions of P-gp and Bcl-2 were found (r = 0.288 and r = 0.253, respectively, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSMRP2, P-gp, and Bcl-2 may be taken as prognostic factors for MDR of ESCC. beta-catenin may play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of ESCC.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Young Adult ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

Background and Objective:As chemotherapy is generally used in the clinical treatment of cancer,the problem of multidrug resistance(MDR)of tumors against the chemotherapeutic agents becomes more and more serious.It has been the major cause for the failure of the chemotherapy.We detected the expressions of β-catenin and tumor drug resistance related proteins,MRP2,P-gp,and Bcl-2,in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)to explore their function and correlation in the occurrence and development of MDR in ESCC.Methods:We used the tissue microarray technique,immunohistochemistry,and image analysis methods to detect the expressions of MRP2,P-gp,β-catenin,and Bcl-2 proteins and analyze their relationships with clinical data in a ESCC tissue microarray consisting of 582 specimens of ESCC,294 specimens of normal mucosa,92 specimens of basal cell hyperplasia,and 87 specimens of dysplasia adjacent to cancer tissue.Results:The integral optical density(IOD)of MRP2 and Bcl-2,which was 195.7±175.9(×10~3)and 90.5±112.5(×10~3),respectively,was significantly higher in ESCC than in normal mucosa.which was 1 04.8±86.1(×10~3)and 25.2±46.6(×10~3),respectively(P＜0.01).The IOD of P-gp and β-catenin,which was 57.7±75.5(×10~3)and 32.0±47.0(×10~3)respectively,was significantly lower in ESCC than in normal mucosa,which was 114.8±106.6(×10~3)and 46.1±35.7(×10~3),respectively(P＜0.01).According to the following order.well differentiated-moderately differentiated-poorly differentiated.the 1OD of M RP2 increased in ESCC(P＜0.01).The IOD of β-catenin was higher in poorly differentiated ESCC than in well or moderately differentiated ESCC(P＜0.01).The IOD of Bcl-2 was lower in well differentiated ESCC than in poorly and moderately differentiated ESCC(P＜0.01).The IOD of β-catenin and Bcl-2 was higher in the ESCC of specimens with infiltration depths that were in membrane mucosa than those in the muscular layer or serous coat(P＜0.01).The IOD of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in cases with Iymph node metastasis than in cases without (P＜0.01).Positive correlations which were respectively between the expressions of P-gp and MRP2,the expressions of P-gp and Bcl-2 were found(r=0.288 and r=0.253.respectively,P＜0.01).Conclusions:MRP2,P-gp,and Bcl-2 may be taken as prognostic factors for MDR of ESCC.β-catenin may play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of ESCC.

OBJECTIVEGRP78 is a sensitive marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Caspase-12 is involved in apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study was designed to explore the changes of GRP78 and caspase-12 mRNA in neonatal rats with experimental hypoxic-ischemic white matter damage (WMD) and investigate the roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the WMD.

METHODSTwo-day-old rats were randomized to WMD and control groups (n=49 each). The pups were sacrificed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hrs after hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The light microscope was used to observe the brain pathological changes. Real time PCR was used to detect the expression of GRP78 mRNA and caspase-12 mRNA in the white matter tissue.

RESULTSThe expression of GRP78 mRNA began increasing 2 hrs after HI and peaked at 6 hrs in the WMD group, demonstrating significant differences at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hrs compared with the control group (P<0.05). The caspase-12 mRNA expression in the WMD group began increasing 6 hrs after HI and demonstrated significantly increased levels 6, 12 and 24 hrs after HI compared with those in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGRP78 and caspase-12 mRNA expression increased significantly in neonatal rats with WMD. This suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress may be induced following HI. Endoplasmic reticulum stress seems to be involved in the apoptosis of oligodendrocytes induced by HI in neonatal rats with WMD.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain ; pathology ; Caspase 12 ; genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism and microsatellite instability (MSI) in patients with gastric cancer.

METHODSMTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphism were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and MSI was examined with PCR.

RESULTSMTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms were analyzed on 122 gastric cancers and 110 normal controls The genotype frequencies of MTHFR 677CC, 677CT and 677TT were 47.5%, 39.3% and 13.1% on patients with gastric cancer, and 48.5%, 42.6%, 8.9% in the controls respectively. There was no significant difference of genotype frequency between the two groups (P > 0.05). The individuals with 677CT genotype, 677TT genotype and 677CT + TT genotype exhibited significantly reduced risk (OR = 0.38,95% CI: 0.15-0.98; OR = 0.26,95% CI: 0.03-2.18 and OR = 0.36,95% CI: 0.07-0.98) of developing gastric cardia cancer compared with those harboring the wild-type(677CC). The individuals with 677TT genotype having a 3.03-fold (95% CI: 1.07-8.65) increased risk of developing gastric corpus cancer. The genotype frequency of MTHFR 1298AA, 1298AC and 1298CC were 59.8%, 36.1% and 4.1% in gastric cancer patients, and 57.4%, 7.6%, 5.0% in the controls, respectively. The distribution of MTHFR A1298C genotype was not significantly different between gastric cancer and controls (P > 0.05). The individuals with 1298CC genotype had a reduced risk of developing gastric antrum cancer (OR = 0.41- fold, 95% CI: 0.03-2.18, 0.05-3.72) when comparing with those having 1298AA genotype. Patients with MSI+ gastric cancer had an increased frequency of the MTHFR 677TT genotype when comparing with those suffering from MSI- gastric cancer (P = 0.009) and with controlled subjects (P = 0.008). There was no significant association found between MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and MSI (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONPolymorphism of MTHFR C677T was associated with increased risk on gastric corpus cancer and reduced risk on gastric cardia cancer. The polymorphism of MTHFR A1298C was associated with reduced risk for gastric antrum cancer while MSI pathway was possibly involved in the development of gastric cancer with MTHFR 677TT genotype.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Microsatellite Instability ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the vulnerability to floods in Guangdong province at district level.

METHODSData were collected from the sixth census, the 2010 Statistical Yearbook of Guangdong, the 2010 Health Statistics Yearbook of Guangdong and China Disease Prevention and Control information systems, etc. The weight of each indicator was determined based on subjective method and objective method respectively; and finally the results of the two methods were compared.

RESULTS13 indicators were selected for the assessment of vulnerability to floods, including 6 sensitivity indicators, 5 adaptability indicators and 2 exposure indicators. Indicators with large weight (subjective weight/objective weight) were the proportion of population older than 65 years old (0.31/0.30), the proportion of population older than 65 years old (0.16/0.23), infant mortality rate (0.18/0.20), the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (0.33/0.21), the proportion of illiterate in the population older than 15 years old (0.19/0.28), history frequency of floods (0.75/0.75). The mean vulnerability index (VI) calculated by subjective method was 0.35 with the standard deviation of 0.10; the mean vulnerability index calculated by objective method was 0.31 with the standard deviation of 0.08. The two weighting methods showed consistent results of vulnerability index (ICC = 0.975, P < 0.01). VI of most districts dropped in the interval of 0.30 - 0.39. Districts with subjective VI > 0.50 or objective VI > 0.40 should pay more attention to floods, including parts of the coastal areas, Beijiang River Basin, the eastern tributary area of Dongjiang River and the northern part of Pearl River Delta. Dapu district of Meizhou (0.55/0.45), Dianbai district and Maogang district of Maoming (0.54/0.48) were most vulnerable. Districts of Heyuan, Dongguan, Zhaoqing and Huizhou were less vulnerable, Yuancheng district of Heyuan showed least vulnerable to floods (0.15/0.12) followed by Dongguan (0.18/0.16), Duanzhou district (0.18/0.16) and Guangning (0.17/0.15) district of Zhaoqing. The score of indicators differed among different level of vulnerability (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDifferent regions of Guangdong province showed different vulnerability to floods, vulnerable areas should be priority in the prevention and control of floods.

China ; Climate ; Demography ; Disasters ; Floods ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Rivers

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Kangai-1 Protein ; genetics ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of survivin and COX-2 in giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) and explore the prognostic factors for GCT.

METHODSThe expressions of survivin and COX-2 in 39 GCT tissues of three Jaffe grades and 4 normal bone tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the data were analyzed in relation to the clinicopathological features of the patients.

RESULTSThe expressions of survivin and COX-2 were significantly higher in the GCT tissues than in normal bone tissues (P<0.01). A positive correlation was found between survivin and COX-2 expressions and the pathological grade (P<0.01), but their expressions were not correlated to the patients' gender, age or surgical approaches (P>0.05). An obviously lowered recurrence rate was observed in patients with resection of the bone segment compromised by the tumor and subsequent bone grafting. Survivin and COX-2 were not independent risk factors of the prognosis of GCT.

CONCLUSIONSurvivin and COX-2 expressions may participate in the pathogenesis and development of GCT, but is not indicative of the prognosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVECapsaicin transfersomes were prepared and its quality specifications were evaluated.

METHODCapsaicin transfersomes were prepared by high shear dispersing machine and evaluated on the entrapment efficiency, drugs release rate and in vitro skin permeation.

RESULTCapsaicin transfersomes is composed of single unilamellar vesicles, with average size of 150.6 nm. Capsaicin entrapment efficiency achieved 96.7% while concentration of lecithin used was 8%. cumulative release amount of capsaicin was in direct proportion to the ethanol concentration in the medium. The in vitro rate cumulative penetration rate of capsaicin was higher in transfersomes than in cream and suspension in rats. Adomen skin cumulative penetration rate in vitro of capsaicin transfersomes in mouse was significantly higher than that from rat and men. In the same way,cumulative penetration rate in vitro of capsaicin transfersomes through abdomen skin epidermal membrance was significantly higher than that with derma and full skin in men.

CONCLUSIONEntrapment efficiency of capsaicin transfersomes reached 96.7%, meeting the criterion of China pharmacopia( > 80%), skin penetration of capsaicin was enhanced by a capsaicin transfersomes preparation and was affected by diverse characters and levels of skin.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Capsaicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Particle Size ; Phosphatidylcholines ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Skin ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption ; drug effects