The characters of the chemical structure of CM-chitosan were studied, by assay the content of the N, carboxylation, Primary amine and DEPT,13C-NMR of CM-chitosan.

This study aims to analyse the value of CODEHOP RT-PCR in the detection of Flavivirus. According to the amino acid sequences of polyproteins of different flaviviruses published in GenBank, a pair of primers was designed using the CODEHOP method. One-step RT-PCR was used to detect Japanese encephalitis virus strain JEV1201, Dengue virus strain JKD001, and yellow fever virus vaccine YV6161. BLAST analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed after the RT-PCR products of nucleocapsid genes were sequenced. The results showed that this method could amplify Flavivirus specifically, and the size and sequence of the target fragment accorded with the anticipated result. JEV1201 had the highest homology to Japanese encephalitis virus strain YL2009-4/YC2009-3, belonging to the branch of the phylogenetic tree of Japanese encephalitis virus strains. JKD001 had the highest homology to Dengue virus strain DENV-2/ID/1022DN/1975, belonging to the branch of the phylogenetic tree of Dengue virus strains. YV6161 had the highest homology to Yellow fever virus strain 17D, belonging to the branch of the phylogenetic tree of Yellow fever virus strains. In conclusion, the method of CODEHOP RT-PCR can be effectively used to detect, identify, and phylogenetically analyse Flavivirus.
DNA Primers ; genetics ; Flavivirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Flavivirus Infections ; virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics

The auther had utilized the continuous irrigation with saline and antibiotics to 1 case of serpent corneal ulcer and 2 cases alkaline burn by Lippas' original technique. Two cases of alkaline burn were healed up without any complications and one case of serpent corneal ulcer showed relatively good result. According to review through a few literature, the method of continuous irrigation is much better one than any other systemic or local administration of the drug to the particular external ocular disease.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Burns* ; Corneal Ulcer*

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the plantar peak pressure of diabetic patients without neuropathic and ischemic symptoms to normal subject wearing diabetic shoes and to compare the plantar peak pressures of P.W. minor (B) shoes to Apex (A) shoes. METHOD: Thirty three normal subjects and fourteen diabetic patients were participated. Plantar peak pressures in shoes were measured by pedar(r)during a comfortable gait wearing two types of diabetic shoes, respectively. A shoes and B shoes were used in this study. Plantar pressure was analyzed by pedar C-expert program at T0 (whole foot), M1 (heel), M2 (midfoot), M3 (1st, 2nd metatarsal area), M4 (3rd, 4th, 5th metatarsal area), M5 (great toe), M6 (2nd, 3rd toe area) and M7 (4th, 5th toe area) zones respectively. RESULTS: Plantar peak pressures of diabetic patients without neuropathic and ischemic symptom were not different from normal subjects. In normal subjects, plantar peak pressure of B shoes were lower than A shoes at both T0, M3 and M5 zones and left M6 and M7 zones. Plantar peak pressures of A shoes was lower than B shoes at both M2 zones. In diabetic patients plantar peak pressures of B shoes was lower than A shoes at right M4 and left M5 zones. CONCLUSION: There was no sgnificant difference between plantar peak pressures of normal subjects and diabetic patients without neuproathic and ischemic symptom. B shoes were better than A shoes to reduce plantar peak pressure.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Gait ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Shoes* ; Toes

OBJECTIVETo assess the feasibility, the risks and the advantages of endoscope-assisted submandibular gland resection using a retroauricular hairline incision (RAHI) by comparing it with the conventional submandibular gland resection.

METHODSTwenty eight patients with benign lesions of the submandibular gland were included in the prospective clinically controlled study. Thirteen patients had endoscope-assisted resection using the RAHI approach and 15 cases had conventional transcervical approach resection. The size, location and adjacency of all lesions were evaluated by CT or MRI before surgery. The pathologic diagnoses of all cases were identified as benign diseases using fine needle aspiration biopsy. The two groups were compared for incision length, operation time, bleeding, incision cosmetic result, and complications.

RESULTSAll 28 operations were successfully performed. Incision length in the endoscopic group was significantly longer than that in the transcervical group (Z = -4.516, P < 0.01), and the surgical time was longer in the endoscopic group (Z = -3.263, P < 0.01). After three months the mean subjective satisfaction score for the incision scar in the endoscopic group was significantly higher than that in the transcervical group (Z = -4.472, P < 0.01). In the endoscopic group, 2 cases (15.4%) with temporary numbness of the earlobe and 1 case (7.7%) with a temporary marginal mandibular nerve paralysis were found postoperatively. However, they recovered within 1 month. All 28 patients were disease free with a follow-up of 10 to 24 months (median of 18 months).

CONCLUSIONSEndoscope-assisted submandibular gland resection via RAHI is feasible and safe for the treatment of benign submandibular gland lesions. In comparison with the transcervical approach, this method can provide better cosmetic results without significant complications.

Adult ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oral Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Prospective Studies ; Submandibular Gland ; surgery ; Submandibular Gland Diseases ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Cellular remnants in the bioprosthetic heart valve are known to be related to a host's immunologic response and they can form the nidus for calcification. The extracellular matrix of the decellularized valve tissue can also be used as a biological scaffold for cell attachment, endothelialization and tissue reconstitution. Thus, decellularization is the most important part in making a bioprosthetic valve and biological scaffold. Many protocols and agents have been suggested for decellularization, yet there have been few reports about the effect of a treatment with hypotonic solution prior to chemical or enzymatic treatment. This study investigated the effect of a treatment with hypotonic solution and the appropriate environments such as temperature, the treatment duration and the concentration of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) for achieving proper decellularization. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Porcine aortic valves were decellularized with sodium dodecylsulfate at various concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%), time durations (6, 12, 24 hours) and temperatures (4degrees C, 20degrees C)(Group B). Same the number of porcine aortic valves (group A) was treated with hypotonic solution prior to SDS treatment at the same conditions. The duration of exposure to the hypotonic solution was 4, 7 and 14 hours and the temperature was 4degrees C and 20degrees C, respectively. The degree of decellularization was analyzed by performing hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULT: There were no differences in the degree of decellularization between the two concentrations (0.25% 0.5%) of SDS. Twenty four hours treatment with SDS revealed the best decellularization effect for both groups A and B at the temperature of 4degrees C, but there was no differences between the groups at 20degrees C. Treatment with hypotonic solution (group A) showed a better decellularization effect at all the matched conditions. Fourteen hours treatment at 4degrees C with hypotonic solution prior to SDS treatment revealed the best decellularization effect. The treatment with hypotonic solution at 20degrees C revealed a good decellularization effect, but this showed significant extracellular matrix destruction. CONCLUSION: The exposure of porcine heart valves to hypotonic solution prior to SDS treatment is highly effective for achieving decellularization. Osmotic treatment with hypotonic solution should be considered for achieving decellularization of porcine aortic valves. Further study should be carried out to see whether the treatment with hypotonic solution could reduce the exposure duration and concentration of chemical detergents, and also to evaluate how the structure of the extracellular matrix of the porcine valve is affected by the exposure to hypotonic solution.
Aortic Valve ; Artificial Organs ; Bioengineering ; Detergents ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Extracellular Matrix ; Heart Valves ; Hematoxylin ; Sodium ; Transplantation, Heterologous

In 22 end-stage renal disease patients on regular hemodialysis, echocardiographic study including 2-D Doppler echocardiogrphy was performed to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis on cardiac performance and the degree of valvular regurgitation. After hemodialysis, there were significant improvement of ventricular contractility and reduction of circulating volume in accordance with the reduction of degree of valvular regurgitation in comparison with before hemodialysis. We postulate that the reduction of valvular regurgitation after hemodialysis is caused by relief of hypervolemic state.
Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Dialysis*

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of autogenous vein cuff and injection of cerebral cell growth peptide on the recovery of the injured facial nerve.

METHODSThe injured facial nerve was anastomosed and covered with an autogenous vein cuff. Cerebral cell growth peptide was then injected to it. The different repairing methods were evaluated and compared with electromyography and observing functional recovery of the mimetic muscles.

RESULTSThe new repairing method accelerated the recovery of the injured facial nerve. The recovery period of mimetic muscle function was significant shorter than the traditional method (P < 0.01). The recovery period of I-stage repairing was significant shorter than that of II--stage repairing (P < 0.01). The conduction velocity of the repaired facial nerves had no obvious differences between the new repairing method and the traditional method (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONApplication of the autogenous vein cuff to cover the nerve anastomosis and injection of cerebral cell growth peptide is a promising method for facial nerve repairing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Facial Nerve ; physiopathology ; Facial Nerve Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Growth Substances ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neural Conduction ; Veins ; transplantation

OBJECTIVETo analyze the impact of efforts of community-based organizations (CBO) in HIV testing mobilization and case finding among men who have sex with men(MSM).

METHODSResults of HIV testing mobilization among MSM through CBOs in 15 program areas were collected and compared with corresponding HIV case reporting data to demonstrate the contribution of CBO-based HIV testing in HIV case finding among MSM from July 2008 to December 2011. Meanwhile,the proportion of screened HIV positives who received testing results notification,confirmatory test, following up and CD4 cell tests were analyzed and compared with those identified in medical institutions.

RESULTSA total of 196 075 HIV tests were performed for MSM, as a result of mobilization efforts of CBOs. Cumulatively 7704 new HIV cases were identified, accounting for 51.7% (7704/14 914) of all newly diagnosed HIV cases infected via homosexual sex in the program areas.Among the newly diagnosed MSM HIV infections in the program areas,the proportion of infections detected through the mobilization of CBOs increased from 35.4% (609/1722) in 2008 to 63.7% (2371/3722) in 2010, and 58.3% (3024/5189) in 2011. Compared with those identified through medical institutions, newly diagnosed MSM infections detected though CBOs testing mobilization have higher rates of receiving screening testing results notification (97.3% (4441/4563) vs 92.8% (13 140/14 153)) , (84.6% (2559/3024) vs 79.8% (5589/7002)) and CD4 cell tests (66.1% (1999/3024) vs 52.9% (3705/7002)), and a lower rate of receiving confirmatory test (78.6% (3588/4563) vs 85.6% (12 115/14 153)).

CONCLUSIONCBOs can take their advantages in mobilizing MSM to receive HIV test, and MSM HIV cases detected through CBOs have become the main source of MSM HIV case finding in program areas.

Community Health Services ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; HIV Seropositivity ; Health Promotion ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening