Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of cap-assisted endoscopic nylon loop ligation (C-ENLL) as a new and simple method on gastric fundus submucosal tumors. Methods 74 cases with small gastric fundus submucosal tumors ≤2.00 cm in diameter were reviewed between January 2015 and June 2016. All cases were treated by C-ENLL. The clinical efficacy was analyzed. Results All the 74 patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography before operation, 70 cases originated from the muscularis propria, 3 cases originated from the muscularis mucosae, 1 case originated from the submucosa. The average diameter of the lesions ranged 0.50 ～ 1.80 cm. C-ENLL achieved an en bloc resection rate of 100.0％, with a mean total procedure time of 26 min. Two patients developed delayed perforation, were treated with nylon rope and metal clip purse suture wound. All of whom were managed successfully. There was no delayed bleeding after operation. Pathological examination showed that 66.2％ (49/74) of the tumors were gastrointestinal stromal tumors. No tumor recurrence was observed during the follow-up. Conclusion The C-ENLL may be a feasible and safe method for the treatment of small gastric fundus submucosal tumors.

OBJECTIVETo compare the diagnostic value of barium enema (BE), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in primary colorectal carcinoma.

METHODSA total of 64 patients with suspected colorectal carcinoma received BE (n=39), spiral CT (n=31) and MRI (n=42). The detective results were compared with the surgical results.

RESULTSAmong 64 patients, 54 cases were pathologically proved as colorectal carcinoma. The diagnostic sensitivity of BE,CT and MRI was 96.9% ,96.2% and 97.1% ,and the overall accuracy was 92.3% 83.9 % and 90.5% respectively. The overall accuracy of CT and MRI for tumor T staging was 73.1% and 82.9% respectively.

CONCLUSIONBE can be considered as a primary approach for diagnosing colorectal carcinoma, CT and MRI be necessary diagnostic approaches. Combined BE with MRI is the best choice for diagnosing of colorectal carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Barium Sulfate ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Enema ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Objective To investigate the pathogenic mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in patients with early-onset breast cancer(≤35 years) and explore the relationships between BRCA1/2 mutations and clinical features.Methods Seventy-four patients with early-onset breast cancer were enrolled,who were treated in Hospital 307 between September 2014 and June 2016.High-throughput sequencing was used to test the 49 exon sequences and adjacent sequences of BRCA1 and BRCA2.χ2 test was used to analyze the distribution of BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations in each group that was set up according to clinical features.Results Fifteen mutations(20.27%) were identified,including 5(6.76%) in BRCA1 and 10(13.51%) in BRCA2.Eleven new pathogenic mutations were discovered,and BRCA1:c.5470_5477delTGCCCAAT was found in one patient.The frequency of BRCA1/2 mutations in the group with a family history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer was higher than in the group without a family history (40.91% vs 11.54%) (χ2=6.534,P=0.011).Conclusion BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutation is significant for early-onset breast cancer,especially for those with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer.The new mutations may be specific to Chinese people.BRCA1:c.5470_5477delTGCCCAAT may be the ancestor mutation among the Chinese.

Aim To investigate the molecular mecha-nism of mTORC1/2 inhibitor PP242, which inhibiting cholangiocyte cell preliferation and cystic diliatation via inducing apoptosis and autophagy in the polycystic kid-ney ( PCK ) rats. Methods The expression of p-mTOR and p-Akt in the bile duct epithelial cells was examined by immunohistochemistry. The inhibiting effect of rapamycin and PP242 on cell proliferation ac-tivity on bile duct epithelial cells, the effect of gene si-lence on LC3, Beclin-1 and the effect of the authoph-agy-specific inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) on cell proliferation were respectively analyzed by WST-1 as-say. The expression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway re-lated proteins, autophagy-related proteins LC3, Bec-lin-1 and clevead caspase-3, which were treated by PP242 were determined by Western blot. The effect of PP242 on apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI double staining and ELISA. The expression of LC3 in cytoplasm was detected by immunofluorescence. The a-bility of rat bile duct epithelial cells spheroid formation was detected by 3D cell culture method, and the cells were treated by single applied with rapamycin and ap- plied rapamycin combined with Rictor gene silencing respectively. Results The protein levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR markedly increased in the bile duct epitheli-um of PCK rats. PP242 inhibited the proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells more effectively than rapamy-cin and showed a dose-and time-dependent manner ( P<0.05 ) . PP242 significantly reduced the levels of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins in PCK rat cholangiocytes. PP242 induced apoptosis and auto-phagy, up-regulated the levels of cleaved caspase-3, Beclin-1 and increased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I. The combination of Rictor gene silencing and rapamycin was more effective than rapamycin alone in inhibiting cholangiocytes in PCK rats. The inhibitory effect of PP242 on the cell viability was significantly weakened by treatment with 3-MA and knockdown of LC3 and Beclin-1 ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusions PP242 inhibits the proliferation of PCK rat cholangiocytes through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and the mecha-nism is closely related with autophagy and apoptosis.

Objective To analyze the differences in the expression levels of the lncRNA MALAT1, NEAT, NEAT2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from tuberculosis patients and healthy controls. Methods We detected the lncRNA expression levels in PBMC from 79 tuberculosis patients and 82 healthy controls by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and analyzed the correlation between lncRNA expression levels and some clinical features and laboratory indicators in tuberculosis patients. Results The expression levels of MALAT1, NEAT1 in PBMC of tuberculosis patients were significantly higher than healthy controls (Z=-4.386, P<0.001; Z=-10.175, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the expression of NEAT2 between tuberculosis patients and healthy controls (Z=-0.203，P=0.839). The correlation results of lncRNA levels and some clinical features, laboratory indicators in tuberculosis patients suggested that the NEAT2 level in PBMC of newly treated tuberculosis patients was higher than recurrent tuberculosis patients, while the NEAT2 level in PBMC of sputum smear positive tuberculosis patients was lower than that of sputum smear negative tuberculosis patients (all P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between MALAT1 level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (rs=-0.256, P=0.034). Conclusion MALAT1 and NEAT1 are abnormally expressed in PBMC of tuberculosis patients, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

AIMTo seek for new bioactive constituents from the aerial parts of Cimicifuga dahurica.

METHODSVarious column chromatographic techniques were employed for the isolation and purification of the ingredients. The structures were elucidated on the basis of 1H, 13CNMR, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, NOESY and HMBC spectra and chemical reactions.

RESULTSTwo cyclolanostanol xylosides, cimidahuside C and D were isolated from the EtOAc section of EtOH extracts.

CONCLUSIONCimidahuside C(1) and D(2) are new triterpenoid xylosides.

Cimicifuga ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BK(Ca)) and voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5 play an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). It is known that cigarette smoke can induce BHR, however, the role of BK(Ca) and Kv1.5 expression in it remains to be further elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the direct effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on BK(Ca) and Kv1.5 expression, and the role of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms activation in primary cultured rat bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs). Primarily cultured rat BSMCs were treated with 5% CSE, the expression and translocation of PKC isoforms were measured by Western blot, and the mRNA and protein levels of BK(Ca) and Kv1.5 alpha-subunits were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that 5% CSE induced the translocation of PKCepsilon, PKCeta, PKCtheta from soluble fraction to particulate fraction, and reduced mRNA and protein expressions of BK(Ca) and Kv1.5 alpha-subunits. The decreased expression of potassium channels was partly restored by PKC inhibitor, BIM or Goe6983. In summary, CSE may activate PKC isoforms epsilon, eta, theta, thereby down-regulate the expressions of BK(Ca) and Kv1.5 in BSMCs.
Animals ; Bronchi ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Kv1.5 Potassium Channel ; metabolism ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Protein Isoforms ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Rats ; Smoke ; adverse effects ; Tobacco

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of exercise stress on chronic cigarette smoking induced downregulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BKca) and voltage-dependent delayed rectifier potassium channel (Kv1.5) expression in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells of rats.

METHODSRats were divided into three groups: the normal control group, the smoking control group and the smoking + exercise group. The plasma cortisol level, the potassium channel expression and the pathological changes in lung tissue were determined with HE staining, the immunohistochemistry and the in-situ hybridization.

RESULTS(1) In the smoking + exercise group, the plasma cortisol level was determined immediately after exercise [(1528.7 +/- 469.7) ng/L] and was higher than that determined before exercise [(672.4 +/- 235.7) ng/L] (P < 0.01); (2) The HE staining showed that the chronic pulmonary inflammatory response in the smoking control group was severe while it was mild in the smoking + exercise group; (3) The mRNA and protein expression (OD value) of BKca in the smoking control group (mRNA: 0.2206 +/- 0.0415 for big artery and 0.3935 +/- 0.1378 for small artery; protein: 0.2634 +/- 0.1219 for big artery and 0.0995 +/- 0.0851 for small artery) were less than those in the normal control group. The mRNA expression of BKca in the smoking + exercise group (OD value) (0.5022 +/- 0.1134 for big artery and 0.6408 +/- 0.2135 for small artery) was higher than that in the smoking control group; (4) The mRNA and protein expression of Kv1.5 in the smoking control group (OD value) (mRNA: 0.9354 +/- 0.3290 for big artery and 0.5012 +/- 0.1170 for small artery; protein: 1.1112 +/- 0.3310 for big artery and 0.4736 +/- 0.1250 for small artery) were less than those in the normal control group. The protein expression of Kv1.5 in the smoking + exercise group (0.7445 +/- 0.2690) in small artery was higher than that in the smoking control group.

CONCLUSIONProper exercise stress can decrease inhibition effect of the chronic smoking on the expression of potassium channel BKca and Kv1.5, which perhaps partly results from exercise induced increase of cortisol secretion.

Animals ; Down-Regulation ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Kv1.5 Potassium Channel ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits ; Male ; Movement ; physiology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; metabolism ; Potassium Channels ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Pulmonary Artery ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Smoking ; adverse effects

AIM:To explore the effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) double inhibitor AZD8055 on autophagy and apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line HuCCT1. METHODS:The effect of AZD8055 on the viability of HuCCT1 cells was detected by MTT assay. Autophagosome was detected by acridine orange (AO) staining. Af-ter treated with AZD8055, the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and auto-phagy marker proteins beclin 1, LC3 and p62 were determined by Western blot. Apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cyto-metry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. RESULTS:AZD8055 significantly inhibited the viability of HuCCT1 cells (P<0.05). AO staining showed that AZD8055 significantly increased orange granules in the cytoplasm. After treated with AZD8055, compared with the control group, the protein level of beclin 1 and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were enhanced, while p62 was attenuated (P<0.05). The protein expression level of pro-apoptotic regulator Bax was down-regulated and anti-apoptotic regulator Bcl-2 was increased. The protein level of cleaved caspase-3 was reduced (P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that AZD8055 inhibited cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION:AZD8055 inhibits the viability of cholangiocarcinoma cells, and the mechanism is closely related with autophagy induced by AZD8055.