OBJECTIVETo reveal the mutative discipline of the contents of the phenols in samples from different provenances.

METHODThe contents of magnolol and honokiol in samples from the filial generation of Guanxi, Hubei and Zhejiang provinces were determined respectively by HPLC.

RESULTThere were significant variations between provenances, the contents of honokiol, magnolol and phenols were the highest in samples from Hubei province, those were the lowest in samples from Zhejiang province. There were not only significant differences in polyphenol content between provenances, but also in families in the same provenance and individuals in families.

CONCLUSIONMagnolia polyphenol content and appearance traits were significantly related. The type with the small convex tip (original form) were superior to other types of M. officinalis judging from the characteristics of tree classification. The high quality of M. officinalis should actually be attributed to their local varieties and the breeding strategy of M. officinalis should be paid full attention to the good provenances, good families and good individuals.

Magnolia ; chemistry ; Phenols ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo provide the theoretical basis and applied technology for breeding superior species of Dendrobium officinale.

METHODThe peroxidase solution was used to test the pollen vigor in different flowering time and storage conditions. Cross, self and opening pollination were conducted in the green house, the subsidiary pollination by insects was carried out outdoors.

RESULTThe pollen of D. officinale was still in vigor when the flower faded. The pollen vigor was only 29.4% in the buds, 70.6% in the bloom day, and decreased to 31.9% a week later, it remained still 21.2% 20 days later under the condition of dry and 4 degrees C. The fructification rate was about 82.6% and 7.3%, respectively, when the cross and self pollination performed by hand in the whole flowering time, the rate was 0 in the green house and outdoors.

CONCLUSIONThe pollen of D. officinale was still in vigor during the whole flowering time, the fructification rate was 0 in the green house and outdoors resulted from the specific structure of flower. The wild resources of D. officinale were protected and germplasm was developed effectively through the artificial cross pollination.

Dendrobium ; growth & development ; Fruit ; growth & development ; Pollen ; physiology ; Pollination

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of domestic sevoflurane by comparing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of domestic sevoflurane and an imported product.

METHODSEighty patients undergoing general anesthesia for transabdominal hysterectomy were equally randomized into domestic sevoflurane group and imported sevoflurane group. The following data were recorded and compared: vital signs; change of sevoflurane concentrations in the induction period and recovery period; the time when inhaled sevoflurane concentration reached half of the pre-set concentration of the vaporizer; the time when the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration reached half of the pre-set concentration of the vaporizer; the time when the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration reached half of inhaled sevoflurane concentration; the time of the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration reached 0. 8 MAC in the induction period; the recovery time; the extubation time; and time to recovery of consciousness.

RESULTSThe general conditions of the two groups were not significantly different. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters at the intra-operative time points as well as the minimal alveolar concentration, the inspired and end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations, and the time to recovery of consciousness also showed no significant differences between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe domestic sevoflurane has similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics as the imported products. It can serve as a cost-effective product for transabdominal hysterectomy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; pharmacokinetics ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Methyl Ethers ; pharmacokinetics ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of nNOS and ultrastructural changes in the penile tissue of rats with prolactinoma-induced erectile dysfunction (ED).

METHODSWe established the model of prolactinoma in 20 male Westar rats by peritoneal injection of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and treated the control rats with normal saline (n = 10) or sterilized arachis oil (n = 10). After 8 weeks, we performed the apomorphine test and measured the weight of the pituitary gland and the levels of serum prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) to confirm the successful construction of the prolactinoma-induced ED model. Then we determined the expression of nNOS in the penile tissue by immunohistochemistry and examined the ultrastructural changes of the penile cavernosum under the transmission electron microscope.

RESULTSThe prolactinoma-induced ED model was successfully established in 15 rats. The weight of the pituitary gland was significantly increased in the rats treated with DES as compared with the normal saline and sterilized arachis oil controls ([46.7 ± 15.5] vs [11.7 ± 2.4] and [12.4 ± 2.3] mg, both P < 0.05). The level of serum PRL was markedly higher while that of T remarkably lower in the former than in the latter two groups ([1,744.9 ± 304.5] vs [11.5 ± 2.4] and [10.6 ± 1.9] ng/ml, both P < 0.0l; [1.54 ± 0.46] vs [3.11 ± 1.08] and [3.04 ± 1.11] ng/ml, both P < 0.05). The rate of penile erection was significantly reduced in the prolactinoma-induced ED model rats in comparison with the normal saline and arachis oil controls (16.7% vs 100% and 87.5%, both P < 0.05), and so was the expression of nNOS in the penile tissue (0.024 ± 0.011 vs 0.066 ± 0.019 and 0.058 ± 0.021, both P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy manifested significant ultrastructural changes in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the cavernous tissue in the prolactinoma-induced ED models.

CONCLUSIONThe ultrastructural changes of the penile cavernous tissue and the reduced expression of nNOS in penile tissue may be the most important mechanisms of prolactinoma-induced ED in rats.

Animals ; Apomorphine ; Carcinogens ; Diethylstilbestrol ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; ultrastructure ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; metabolism ; Organ Size ; Penile Erection ; Penis ; enzymology ; ultrastructure ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; complications ; Prolactin ; blood ; Prolactinoma ; chemically induced ; complications ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVEChronic prostatitis (CP) is a common disease in adult males. Oxidative stress injury has been found to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CP in recent studies. This study aimed to determine the contents of CuZn-super oxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and EPS in CP patients and healthy men, and investigate their significance in the diagnosis and treatment of the CP.

METHODSA total of 120 out-patients with confirmed CP were equally divided into a type II, a type IIIA and a type IIIB group, and another 40 healthy males were included as controls. We determined the contents of CuZn-SOD and MDA in the serum and EPS of each group and compared their differences.

RESULTSNo significant differences were found in the serum CuZn-SOD content among the four groups (P > 0.05). The MDA contents were markedly higher in the CP groups than in the control (P < 0.01), but with no significant differences among the three CP groups (P > 0.05). The CuZn-SOD contents in EPS were remarkably lower in the type II and type III A than in the type III B and control groups (P < 0.01), but with no significant differences between the type II and type III A as well as between the type III B and control groups (P > 0.05). The MDA contents in EPS were markedly higher in the type II and type III A than in the type III B and control groups (P < 0.01), but with no significant differences between the type II and type III A as well as the type III B and control groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOxidative stress is stronger in type II and type III A CP patients than in healthy men, but has no significant difference between type III B patients and non-CP males. Determining the contents of CuZn-SOD and MDA in the serum and EPS could be very valuable for the diagnosis and assessment of chronic prostatitis.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Prostatitis ; blood ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; metabolism

BACKGROUND:To date,no single material can completely meet the clinical requirements.However,the composite materials characterized by good biodegradability,biocompatibility and osteoconductivity have become a highlight of the artificial bone materials.OBJECTIVE:To synthesize the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres/hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(I-lactic acid) (PLLA) porous bone scaffolds,and to observe the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of the composite material.METHODS:The bFGF-PLGA microspheres were prepared by double emulsion method,and then six kinds of materials were made including PLLA,PLLNHA,PLLAJPLGA,PLLNHNPLGA,PLLNHA/bFGF,and bFGF-PLGA microspheres/PLLA/HA.The characterization of the materials were observed by particle size analyzer,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,microcomputer differential thermal balance,and scanning electron microscope.Toxicity of these materials and proliferation of bone marrow mesechymal stem cells seeded onto these materials were analyzed and compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The average particle size of bFGF-PLGA microspheres was about 250 nm,the average drug-loading capacity was (26.03±0.17)％,and the entrapment percentage was (90.65±2.68)％.The prepared bFGF-PLGA microspheres were spherical and had good dispersibility.In addition,all the six kinds of materials had a porous structure with similar pore diameter,in which the microspheres and particles exhibited a rational distribution.The toxic level of bFGF-PLGA microspheres/PLLNHA,bFGF/HNPLLA and HAP/PLLA was graded as 1 (with a relative survival rate ≥ 80％),indicating no obvious toxicity or slight toxicity.All these six kinds of composite materials can promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and the bFGF-PLGA microspheres/PLLNHA shows the best effects on cell proliferation and has good biocompatibility.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors of prostate cancer in urban Qingdao and provide some theoretical evidence for the scientific prevention and treatment of the disease.

METHODSWe performed a hospital-based matched case-control study in Qingdao Municipal Hospital. The cases and controls were matched in age, gender, nationality and the place of residence. All the subjects were interviewed face to face in the hospital using a questionnaire, and the data analyzed by the conditional logistic regression method.

RESULTSAccording to the 258 valid questionnaires collected, the prostate cancer risk was significantly higher in the cases with a family history of cancer than in those without (OR = 2.58), and so was it in the men with the first spermatorrhea at the age of < or = 15 years than in those at the age of > or = 18 years (OR = 2.27). A decreased risk of prostate cancer was found among the men with the first experience of sexual intercourse between 25 to 30 years of age (OR = 0.76). An increased risk was shown in those with sexual intercourses > or = 4 times per week before 35 years old (OR = 2.57), masturbations > or = 3 times per week (OR = 2.30) and a drinking history (alcohol > or = 150 g/d) of > or = 10 years (OR = 2.83).

CONCLUSIONPositive family history of cancer, earlier age of the first spermatorrhea, sexual intercourses > or = 4 times per week before 35 years old, frequent masturbations, and heavy drinking for more than 10 years are risk factors for prostate cancer.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo select superior mating combinations from different F1 generations of Dendrobium officinale.

METHODTwenty-six superior parents from four provenances were selected to make up 26 mating combinations. The agronomic traits of different F1 generation were measured, counted, and analyzed by DPS software.

RESULTThere were significant differences between different mating combinations among F1 generations. The variation among full-sib families was significantly higher than that among half-sib families, while the variation inside full-sib families was significantly lower than that inside half-sib families. Twelve agronomic traits were simplified into four principal components, of which the accumulative contribution rate was 84.127 3%. Twenty-six mating combinations have been divided into six groups, plants from the fifth and sixth group grew much better than the others.

CONCLUSIONThe selection of parents should be emphasized by using hybrid vigor. There were higher genetic gains and superior uniformity inside families when selection and breeding occurs in full-sib families than in half-sib families. Eight superior full-sib families (83 x 34, 66 x 9, 68 x 2, 91 x 69, 66 x 65, 69 x 91, 17 x 66, 66 x 17) have been selected which showed a good agronomic traits of seedlings.

Agriculture ; economics ; Cluster Analysis ; Dendrobium ; genetics ; growth & development ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Seedlings ; growth & development ; Software

To measure particle size distribution of phenols in mainstream cigarette smoke aerosol,the particles of cigarette smoke aerosol were divided into 12 stages using single channel smoking machine coupled electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) and collected by 12 polyester films.The collected particles were weighted and then analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD) to determine the 14 phenols in the different size particles.The results showed that the aerosols collecting method had good stability with relative standard deviation (RSD) of collected particles mass less than 10%.The analyzing results of 14 phenols by UPLC-FLD showed that the linear correlation coefficients(R2) were greater than 0.9959,with detection limits were less than 1.2 ng/cig and recoveries were 80.1%-115.0%.The distributions of 14 phenols with respect to smoke aerosol particle size were investigated.The results indicated that except 4-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenol not detected,the other 13 phenols were detected in mainstream cigarette smoke aerosol.The content of 13 phenols appeared increasing at first and then decreasing with increase of the particle size which distributed in a pattern similar to that of particle mass.All of 13 phenols were present in higher amounts in the medium size particles (0.261-0.722 μm) with peak content in particles 0.431 μm.The distribution of concentrations (ratio of content to particle mass) of 13 phenols in different size particles was different.The concentrations of phenol and mono-substituted phenol appeared to first increase and then decrease with increasing smoke aerosol particle size and were higher in medium size particles (0.261-0.772 μm).The concentrations of benzenediol and mono-substituted benzenediol were uniformly distributed in medium size particles (0.144-1.166 μm),and the concentration of disubstituted phenol was uniform throughout the particles of varying sizes.

OBJECTIVEStudying on the routes of vas deferens to provide anatomy basis for surgical operation, especially, reconstruction of long segment loss of vas deferens.

METHODSThe routes of vas deferens were observed and anatomic distances along epididymal, infrainguinal, inguinal, retroperitoneal and ampullar segments of vas deferens, the distances from external ring to extremity of vas deferens were measured respectively in 18 formalin fixed adult cadavers.

RESULTSThe vas deferens have a large curve from external ring to extremity in its route, draw it out from the external ring. Eliminating this curve will allow to shorten this segment of vas deferens for vasovasostomy by 6.1 - 12.9 (9.31 +/- 1.30) cm. The length of each segment of vas deferens, respectively, is epididymal: 3.2 - 5.6 (4.53 +/- 0.79) cm, infrainguinal: 4.5 - 9.5 (7.31 +/- 1.78) cm, inguinal: 4.4 - 7.5 (5.52 +/- 0.74) cm, retroperitoneal: 12.5 - 19.5 (16.75 +/- 1.87) cm and ampullar: 2.9 - 3.8 (3.63 +/- 0.23) cm. There was no significant differences in segment length and the distances from external ring to extremity of vas deferens between the right and left.

CONCLUSIONReconstruction of long segment loss of vas deferens can be performed by mobilization retroperitoneal vas deferens and draw it out from external ring. There were no significant differences in lengths of vas deferens and the distances from external ring to vassal extremity between the left and right in adults. The surgical operations of vas deferens are closely related each segment of vasa.

Adult ; Autopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Vas Deferens ; anatomy & histology