Objective To evaluate the characteristics of brachyfacial types in adolescents with class Ⅱ~1 division 1 malocclusions by comparing with normal patterns.Methods 32 parameters were evaluated in pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 60 brachyfacial type adolescents,including 30 boys and 30 girls,aged from 11 to 13 years,with class Ⅱ~1 division 1 malocclusions(distal moral relationship,ANB＞5°,Go-Gn-SN＞28°).Results There was a remarkable increase in SNA,ANB,upper incisor inclination (U1-NA),U1-L1/N-Me and Me-L1/N-Me,so was lip protrusion of soft tissue facial profile(NB-Pg'-Ls);the lower sulcus depth(Si-Pg'-Ls)and the lower lip thickness(Li-L1).Mandibular plane(Go-Gn-SN),OP-MP,OP-FH,U1-L1,anterior lower facial height(ANS-Me),anterior lower facial height/anterior facial height(ANS-Me/N-Me),anterior lower facial height/posterior lower facial height (ALFH/PLFH)and mandibular length(B'-J')were significantly decreased.Conslusions Brachyfacial type in adolescents with class Ⅱ'division 1 malocclusions is characterized by decreased anterior lower facial height,increased posterior lower facial height,clockwise rotation of the palatal plane,anticlockwise rotation of the occlusion plane and mandibular plane,deepen overbite,soft tissue protrusive profiles with upper lip protrusion,crimpled lower lip and retracted chin.

Objective To explore the relationships between plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA) and hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) in neonates with asphyxia.Methods Sixty-eight full-term neonates hospitalized with asphyxia were enrolled in this study (simple asphyxia group 15 cases,mild HIE group 17 cases,moderate HIE group 22 cases and severe HIE group 14 cases) according to the diagnostic criteria of neonatal hypoxic- ischemic encephalopathy(HIE),and 20 cases in control group.Plasma VIP,SOD and MDA were detected by radio-immuhoassay,thiobarbatic acid colorimety and xanthine oxidase at d1 and d7 after born in every group.Results 1.There were significant difference in the plasma VIP,SOD and MDA among every group(Pa

Maca as one of the star products in the international health care market in recent years, had a wide range of application value and promoted to all over the world. However, the basic research of Maca was not deep, lack of systematic and clear efficacy studies. Market products hype its aphrodisiac effect, which greatly impact more systematic in-depth research and exploration. Therefore, this paper briefly summarizes advance research in recent years including the status quo of the resources, growth cultivation, phytochemical, pharmacological effect and other aspects, which can provide reference for rational development and utilization of Maca.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Lepidium ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology

Objective:To explore the effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) in peritoneal macrophages of septic mice and its possible mechanisms.Methods:Ihe mouse peritoneal macrophages were isolated and cultured by conventional methods.The model of inflammation was established by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to incubate with mouse peritoneal macrophages.The PGE2,prostaglandin E receptor (EP) 4 agonist,EP4 RNAi,and DN.CREB inhibitory plasmid were used to interfere with the LPS-treated mouse peritoneal macrophage.The levels of HMGB 1 was determined by Western blot.Results:Compared with LPS alone treatment,the expression of HMGB 1 in peritoneal macrophages was increased obviously after 24 h by treatment with PGE2 and LPS,and it was also increased after the combined treatment of EP4 receptor agonist with LPS for 24 h (both P<0.05);compared with the PGE2+LPS treatment,the level of HMGB1 was decreased after knockdown of EP4 receptor expression (P<0.05);compared with EP4 receptor agonist +LPS treatment,there was no difference in HMGB1 levels in mice after the treatment with DN.CREB plasmid to suppress CREB function (P>0.05);compared with LPS alone treatment,the combined treatment of EP4 receptor agonist with LPS for 24 h could up-regulate the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and protein kinase B (Akt) thr308 (P<0.05),which were blocked by EGFR inhibitor.Once Akt specific inhibitor was used before EP4 and LPS treatment,the expression of HMGB1 was declined (P<0.05).Conclusion:PGE2 can up-regulate the expression of HMGB1 in sepsis of peritoneal macrophages through EP4 receptor,which may be related to the activation of EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedctomidine pretreatment and postconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats,aged 3-4 months,weighing 220-300 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =8 each):sham operation group ( group S),I/R group,dexmedetomidine pretreatment group (group Pre) and dexmedetomidine postconditioning group (group Post).The rats were anesthetized with phenobarbital sodium 65 mg/kg.Renal I/R was produced by occlusion of both renal pedicles for 60 min followed by 48 h reperfusion.Dexmedetomidine 50 μg/kg was given intraperitoneally at 30 min before ischemia and at the beginning of reperfusion in Pre and Post groups respectively.The concentrations of serum creatinine and blood urea were determined at 0,24 and 48 h of reperfusion (T1-3).The renal tissues were obtained at the end of reperfusion for microscopic examination and detection of apoptosis by TUNEL assay.Acute kidney tubular necrosis was scored and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the concentration of serum creatinine and blood urea at T2.3,and acute kidney tubular necrosis score and AI were significantly increased in I/R,Pre and Post groups ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with I/R group,the concentration of serum creatinine and blood urea at T2.3,acute kidney tubular necrosis score and AI were significantly decreased in Pre and Post groups ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both dexmedetomidine pretreatment and postconditioning can attenuate renal I/R injury through inhibition of cell apoptosis in rats.

Objective To explore the predictive capability of different methods for difficult la-ryngoscopy and analyze its optimal cutoff value.Methods Three hundred consecutive patients (aged 18-65 years,weighing 42-88 kg,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ)scheduled to undergo general anesthe-sia and surgery were invited to participate.Difficult airway assessments were performed by thyromen-tal height (TMH),thyromental distance (TMD),sternomental distance (SMD),modified Mallam-pati test (MMT)and ratio of height and TMD (RHTMD)before anesthetic induction.Cormack-Le-hane (C-L)grade of laryngoscopy view was assessed after induction.Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV)and accuracy of these tests were calculated. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC)curve of TMH was performed to determine the optimal cutoff value of TMH.Results There were 22 patients diagnosed as difficult airway.Sensitivity,specificity, PPV,NPV and accuracy of TMH were higher than those of TMD,SMD and MMT tests.Sensitivity of RHTMD was lower than that of TMH test,and specificity,PPV,NPV and accuracy of RHTMD were similar to that of TMH.The optimal cutoff value of TMH was 4.9 cm through ROC curve. Conclusion The optimal cutoff value of TMH detecting difficult laryngoscopy was 4.9 cm.Similar to RHTMD,TMH appears to be more effective for prediction of difficult laryngoscopy than TMD, SMD and MMT.

Objective To evaluate the effect of exogeneous adiponectin on hippocampal advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway in aged mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).Methods Thirty-two healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 18 months, weighing 20-25 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), POCD group, exogeneous adiponectin group (group APN), and vehicle group (group Veh).Splenectomy was performed to establish the POCD model in aged mice anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium.In group APN, adiponectin 0.1 μg/g (in 2 μl of phosphate buffer solution) was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle at 30 min before establishing the model.Phosphate buffer solution 2 μl was given at 30 min before establishing the model in group Veh.Cognitive function was assessed on day 7 after surgery.The mice were then sacrificed, and the hippocampus was harvested for determination of the area of AGE deposition (by immunohistochemistry), levels of ROS (by flow cytometry), and levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12 and ROS (using Western blot).Results Compared with group S, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly shortened, the area of AGE deposition and levels of ROS, CHOP and caspase-12 were increased, and the level of GRP78 was decreased in POCD, APN and Veh groups.Compared with POCD and Veh groups, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly prolonged, the area of AGE deposition and levels of ROS, CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased, and the level of GRP78 was increased in group APN.Conclusion Exogeneous adiponectin decreases the occurrence of POCD probably by blocking hippocampal AGEs-ROS-ERS pathway in aged mice.

Cinobufacino injection is a significant anti-tumor medicine for the treatment of various tumors in clinic, which was made from water extraction of the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans. In present paper, HPLC-DAD-FT-ICR-MS method was used to identify the major bufadienolides in cinobufacino for the first time. Solid-phase extraction with dichloromethane and silica was used to enrich the total bufadienolides in cinobufacino. Based on the UV and high resolution MS/MS data, 33 bufadienolides were analyzed and characterized. Among them, eight compounds were identified by comparing with standard references unambiguously. This study elucidated the major bufadienolides in cinobufacino, which provided material foundation of cinobufacino and will be benefit for the further pharmacological research.
Amphibian Venoms ; chemistry ; Animals ; Bufanolides ; analysis ; chemistry ; Bufo bufo ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

To obtain chemical constituent information of rat plasma after oral administration of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction (HLJDD), a LC-FT-ICR-MS method has been established, and both positive and negative ions scan modes were include in the analysis. By comparing their retention time, high resolution mass data of HLJDD extracts, blank plasma and dosed plasma, 38 constituents, including 22 prototype compounds and 16 metabolites, were detected in rat plasma after oral administration of HLJDD. In the 22 prototype compounds, 16 constituents were determined unambiguously by comparing with references. In the analysis of metabolites, phase II reactions like glucuronidation and sulfation were the major biotransformation pathways of HLJDD. M11 was observed as the only phase I metabolite in present experiment. The results will be beneficial for the further pharmacokinetics and pharmacological evaluations of HLJDD.
Administration, Oral ; Alkaloids ; blood ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; blood ; Iridoids ; blood ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

To further explore the result of bilingual teaching in pediatrics,we randomly chose 200 undergraduates of 4 class and released students'questionnaires about bilingual teaching with teaching content before and after class to assess students'understanding of bilingual teaching and analysed appraisal result.We found no significant difference of student score between students accepting bilingual teaching and not accepting the bilingual teaching,but there was difference for English tests and expression level.So we think that students can fully accept the bilingual teaching of pediatrics under the premise with selecting appropriate teaching methods and means.