Subperiosteal Ganglion is a rare cystic lession, although ganglions are frequently found in close proximities to joints and tendon sheaths. It is characterized by a thin-walled cyst containing tenacious mucoid fluid and by the pedicle attached to periosteum. This report describes a middle-aged man with a subperiosteal ganglion which occured beneath the periosteam of the tibia. Presenting symptoms were pain and circumscribed swelling over the anteromedial aspect of the right proximal tibia.
Ganglion Cysts ; Joints ; Periosteum ; Tendons ; Tibia

Ankle injuries include not only disruption of bony architecture of ankle joint but also significant ligamentous and soft tissue injuries as well. Since ligamentous injury frequently has more serious implication than fracture, it is important that be recognized and included in the plan of treatment. The goal of treatment of ankle fracture is the establishment of the normal ankle joint. To obtain the this goal, the fracture should be reduced as accurately as possible (by open or closed), the fracture fragment must be retained in position until healing is secure, ligamentous structure should be repaired when indicated, and joint motion should be restored. The following clinical results shown by analysls of 108 cases of ankle injuries experienced in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital, from Jan. 1977 to June 1979. 1. The main cause of the injuries was falling from a height and the other causes were direct violence, traffic accident, and injuries in order. 2. All but one of the fractures could be classified in the manner described by Lauge-Hansen and the type of supination-external rotation was most common type in this series. 3. Ninty-two (85.1%) patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation of both malleoli and sixteen by closed method. 4. The average period of cast immobilization was 8 weeks after closed reduction and that of open reduction was 6 weeks. 5. The good clinical results were achieved in 95 petients and the better results were obtained in fracturers treated in operative interventions.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Injuries ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Arm ; Clinical Study ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Violence

We performed this study to analyse the morbidity and mortality of stoma formation in infants and children over a 17-year period. Thirty-seven stoma formations were performed in 37 patients: 21 for anorectal malformation, 9 for Hirschsprung's disease, 3 for necrotizing enterocolitis, 2 for multiple ileal atresia, 1 for volvulus neonatorum with perforation, and 1 for diaphragmatic hernia with colon perforation. There were 26 boys and 11 girls with a mean age of 0.4 years. Complications after stoma formation were encountered in 12 patients(32.4%) and included stomal prolapse, stenosis, retraction, dysfunction, skin excoriation and parastomal hernia. Four patients(10.8%) required stomal revision. The incidence of complications was neither related to the age nor to the primary indication for the stoma formation, but sigmoid colostomy was associated with a lower complication rate compared to transverse colostomy(22.1% versus 42.1%, P<0.05). Five patients died, but only one(2.7%) was dead, which was directly related to stoma formation. Eighteen of these children subsequently underwent stoma closure which was associated with complications in six patients(33.3%). The most common complication after stoma closure was wound sepsis in 4 children. In conclusion, because the significant morbidity of stoma formation still exists the refinements in surgical technique may help in reducing the incidence of complications and a sigmoid loop colostomy should be used whenever possible.
Child* ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colostomy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Female ; Hernia ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Mortality ; Prolapse ; Sepsis ; Skin ; Wounds and Injuries

The purpose of this study were to obtain the prevalence of the physically disabled order as a basic data for the planning of Community-Based Rehabilitation in a rural community and to evaluate the seventy of the physically disabled by according to the physical disability grade. The total residents in the community were surveyed to in May 1996. The prevalence of the physically disabled was 6.92% of the total population. The male: female ratio was 1:0.7. The most freguent age for the on set of physical disability was sixties and this group represented 35.5% of all physical disabilities. The majority of the physically disabled was graded an 10 th, 11 th, 12 th grade. The prevalence of the physically disabled in this study was higher than that a the previous study due to the inclurion of more mild disability groups were important in the prevalence of the physically disabled.
Disabled Persons* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence* ; Rehabilitation ; Rural Population*

PURPOSE: We compared c-erbB-2 oncogene amplification and oncoprotein expression, trying to identify the biologic and prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 in adendegrees Carcinoma of the stomach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 43 cases of gastric cancer were analyzed for amplification of c-erbB-2 by differential polymerase chain reaction and for overexpression of gene product by immunohistdegrees Chemistry. RESULTS: The amplification was detected in 13 cases (30%). Enhanced c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was observed in 30% (13/43) of tumors. Tumors with gene amplification generally stained strongly (p=0.003). Although the frequency of amplification and overexpression of c-erbB-2 was increased with advanced gastric cancer and with lymph node metastasis, this difference was not statistically significant. c-erbB-2 gene amplification or protein overexpression showed a trend toward a better five year survival rate, but this did not reach a statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Amplification and/or overexpression of the c-erbB-2 may be of value in clarifying the biologic characteristics of the human gastric cancer. However, more sensitive and more speci fic methods of identifying gene amplification are needed and the standardization of the staining method as well as guidelines for interpreting the staining result are mandatory for this purpose.
Chemistry ; Gene Amplification ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogenes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population Characteristics ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, smoking and alcohol on postural sway (PS) and limb load asymmetry (LLA) in the rural inhabitants in Korea METHOD: Nine hundred and sixty inhabitants were included in this study. PS and LLA were recorded while the subjects were standing on two adjacent force platforms (Mediance(R); Human-Tech Inc, Korea) in a comfortable stance for 30 seconds. Bone mineral density was measured in the right calcaneus by ultrasonography (Sahara(R); Hologic Inc, USA). History of diabetes and smoking were taken through interview. RESULTS: PS and LLA were correlated with age (p<0.01). There were significant decreases in PS and LLA in the young age-group (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in PS and LLA in terms of sex, osteoporosis, height, weight, BMI and smoking. There was a significant difference in LLA (p<0.05) but no difference in PS between diabetic and normal groups. CONCLUSION: PS and LLA may be related with ageing. Diabetic group may have higher LLA than normal group. However, sex, osteoporosis, height, weight, BMI, and smoking may not affect on PS and LLA.
Body Weight ; Bone Density ; Calcaneus ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Extremities* ; Korea* ; Osteoporosis ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: This study is designed to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and life-style factors such as physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption and to offer the information for the modification of life-style. METHOD: Eight hundred and sixty nine inhabitants (354 males and 515 females whose age was 55.0+/-13.9 years- old) were participated in this study. BMD was measured in the right calcaneus by quantitative ultrasound (Mark 6000(R), Medison). Amount of physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were got through the closely designed interview. Independent sample T-test and simple regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Amount of physical activities were 2656.8+/-732.3 cal/day, smokers were 329 persons (37.9% of inhabitants), and amount of alcohol consumption were 26.2+/-53.3 g/day. Increasing the amount of physical activity, BMD showed significantly higher T-score (p<0.01). Increasing the amount of alcohol consumption, BMD showed significantly lower T-score (p<0.01). BMD in smokers appeared significantly lower T-score than non-smokers (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Life-style factors significantly effect on bone mineral density. Therefore prevention of osteoporosis through maintenance or augmentation of BMD needs proper physical activity, cessation of smoking, and no heavy drinking.
Alcohol Drinking ; Bone Density* ; Calcaneus ; Drinking ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Osteoporosis ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Statistics as Topic ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficiency of a key-person method with the census method on the prevalence of physically disabled. METHOD: The residents of K-myeon, A-kyun, Kyungido were surveyed in May 1996 with a census method and of D-myeon in August 1997 with a key-person method. The enlisted people in this survey included 2563 persons in D-myeon and 2138 persons in K-myeon on Identification Number. RESULTS: The prevalences of the physically disabled were 2.61% of the population in D-myeon and 5.00% in K-myeon (chi-square test: P<0.500). When the physically disabled were divided into two groups (the severely disabled, group A and the mildly disabled, group B), the prevalences of group A was 1.91% in D-myeon and 2.15% in K-myeon (chi-square test: P>0.500). This result suggests that there is no meaningful difference in the prevalence of severely disabled between the two survey methods. CONCLUSION: The key-person method is as effective as the census method to survey the prevalence of severely disabled in rural communities and requires a less cost and man power.
Censuses* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Disabled Persons* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Prevalence* ; Rural Population

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a sodium reduction program at local restaurants through nutrition education and examination of the health of restaurant owners and cooks. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study was a single-arm pilot intervention using a pre-post design in one business district with densely populated restaurants in Seoul, South Korea. The intervention focused on improving nutrition behaviors and psychosocial factors through education, health examination, and counseling of restaurant personnel. Forty-eight restaurant owners and cooks completed the baseline survey and participated in the intervention. Forty participants completed the post-intervention survey. RESULTS: The overweight and obesity prevalences were 25.6% and 39.5%, respectively, and 74.4% of participants had elevated blood pressure. After health examination, counseling, and nutrition education, several nutrition behaviors related to sodium intake showed improvement. In addition, those who consumed less salt in their baseline diet (measured with urine dipsticks) were more likely to agree that providing healthy foods to their customers is necessary. This study demonstrated the potential to reduce the sodium contents of restaurant foods by improving restaurant owners' and cooks' psychological factors and their own health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: This small pilot study demonstrated that working with restaurant owners and cooks to improve their own health and sodium intake may have an effect on participation in restaurant-based sodium reduction initiatives. Future intervention studies with a larger sample size and comparison group can focus on improving the health and perceptions of restaurant personnel in order to increase the feasibility and efficacy of restaurant-based sodium reduction programs and policies.
Blood Pressure ; Commerce ; Counseling ; Diet ; Education ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Korea* ; Nutrition Policy ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Pilot Projects* ; Prevalence ; Psychology ; Restaurants* ; Sample Size ; Seoul ; Sodium* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: In T1 tumors, the reported incidence of lymph-node metastases ranges from 21% to 35%. We analyzed the pathological parameters of T1 tumors for their association with the likelihood of axillary lymph-node metastases. Our objectives were to determine if standard pathologic factors can predict lymph-node metastases in T1 tumors and to provide a basis for patient selection for nonradical surgery. METHODS: Sixty-five patients with T1 unilateral invasive breast cancer were studied. All patients underwent axillary dissection from 1990 to 1999 at Masan Samsung Hospital, and the pathologic status of the nodes was reviewed. The associations between the incidence of axillary lymph-node metastases and pathologic factors, including age, size, histologic subtype, nuclear grade, hormone receptor status, and lymphatic/vascular invasion, were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 65 patients, 21 (32.3%) had nodes that were positive for metastases. The independent predictor of lymph-node metastases in the multivariate logistic regression analyses was a tumor size larger than 1 cm (p<0.05). However, other predictors showed nonspecific findings. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the characteristics of the primary tumor can help assess the risk for axillary lymph-node metastases. Axillary lymph-node dissection should be performed routinely for all patients with lesions with a tumor more than 1 cm in size. Although a routine axillary dissection or radiation therapy to the axilla might be spared in selected patients who are assessed to be at minimal risk, new prognostic factors for providing reliable assurance of the absences of axillary lymph-node metastases must be investigated.
Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Patient Selection