Congenital dilatation of the common bile duct (choledochal cyst) is an uncommon disease. Although the etiology is unknown yet, various theories such as distal obstruction of the common bile duct, congenital weakness of the duct and anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary duct have been offered to explain the occurrence of choledochal cyst. Thirty - six cases of choledochal cyst over 22 years were analyzed clinically and classified according to Todani`s classification and Kimura's anomalous union of pancreaticobiliary duct type. Todani type I consisted with 22 cases which were subdivided into 19 cases of type Ia, 1 case of type Ib and 2 of type Ic. Type IVa consisted with 14 cases including one case of Caroli's disease. There were 25 type BP cases and 10 type PB cases and 1 normal pancreatobiliary junction. Serum alkaline phosphatase was increased significantly in almost all cases. Seven patients (19.4%) had associated congenital anomalies such as double gallbladder, left - sided gallbladder, common bile duct web, biliary atresia, accessory hepatic duct, heterotopic pancreas, cleft lip and 2 cases of intestinal malrotation. All patients underwent cyst excision and Roux - en - Y hepaticojejunostomy and cholecystectomy. There was one death due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Biliary Atresia ; Caroli Disease ; Cholecystectomy ; Choledochal Cyst* ; Classification ; Cleft Lip ; Common Bile Duct ; Dilatation ; Gallbladder ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Methicillin Resistance ; Pancreas ; Sepsis ; Staphylococcus aureus

This study was performed to investigate the body image perception by BMI and the dietary behaviors in 803 college students (408 males and 395 females). The degree of obesity was divided into an underweight group with BMI less than 18.5 kg/m(2), a normal group with BMI of 18.5~22.9 kg/m(2), an overweight group with BMI of 23~24.9 kg/m(2) and an obese group with BMI over 25.0 kg/m(2). The average ages of subjects were 22.9 years in males and 20.2 years in females. The average weight and height of male subjects were 175.3 cm and 69.6 kg, respectively and those of female subjects were 162.5 cm and 52.0 kg, respectively. The average BMIs of male and female subjects were 22.6 kg/m(2) and 19.7 kg/m(2), respectively. The distribution of subjects who perceived their current body image as ideal body image was 25.7% in males and 10.9% in females, showing that the body image satisfaction of male subjects was 1.5 times higher than that of female subjects. Body image perception for their own bodies was mostly shown as the average or standard shape both in males and females with 64.2% and 54.2%, respectively, but males showed a higher perception rate than females and 31.1% of females and 19.5% of males perceived their bodies as lean shape (p < 0.01). The body image satisfaction was 4.20 in males and 3.70 in females, showing more satisfaction in the male subjects (p < 0.001). The correlation between body image and physical variables in male subjects indicated that CBI and IBI showed statistically significant correlation and also BMI showed statistically significant correlation with IBI (p < 0.001) and CBI (p < 0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as the frequency of skipping meals increased (p<0.001) and the frequency of having snacks increased as the frequency of eating out increased (p < 0.01). The correlation between body image and physical variables in female subjects showed that CBI and IBI (p < 0.001) had statistically significant correlation. Body weight showed statistically significant correlation with CBI (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001) and height (p < 0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as height (p < 0.01) and the frequency of skipping meals (p < 0.001) increased. When both male and female subjects wanted leaner body shapes, they preferred much leaner shapes despite their current body images belonging in the normal range. Additionally subjects preferred the body image in the normal range in cases when their current body images were lean. In particular, more female subjects had strong desires to become leaner in their body images than male subjects, which could be analyzed as a risk factor for physical harm. From the above results, it is considered that both male and female subjects need to establish proper recognition and dietary behaviors for their body images and also need nutritional education and counseling for desirable weight control methods.
Body Image* ; Body Mass Index* ; Body Weight ; Counseling ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Reference Values ; Risk Factors ; Snacks ; Thinness

Gastric perforation of newborn is a rare, serious, and life threatening problem. The pathogenesis of gastric perforation is less well understood, and ranges widely. That ischemia is responsible for intestinal perforation enhances the likelihood that a similar mechanism exists for gastric perforation. Twelve patients with neonatal gastric perforation who were treated upon at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital from 1987 to 2002 were reviewed. Eight patients were male and four female. The age of perforation was 1 day to 8 days of life. Ten patients undertook operation and 2 patients were treated conservatively. The perforation site was located at the anterior wall along the greater curvature of the stomach in 8 patients and along the lessor curvature of the stomach in 2. The precipitating factors were gastroschisis, premature baby on ventilator and mechanical intestinal obstruction each 2 cases, and cyanotic heart disease and indomethacine medication each one case. In 5 cases the cause of perforation was not identified. The mortality rate was 25%(3 of 12). Earlier recognition and treatment were throught to be crucial prognostic factors.
Female ; Gastroschisis ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Indomethacin ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestinal Perforation ; Ischemia ; Male ; Mortality ; Precipitating Factors ; Stomach ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate cross - reactivity between pollens in patients with strong skin reactivity to multiple pollens. METHODS: A pool of sera from 20 patients who showed strong skin responses( > or = 3+ ) to all three kinds of pollens ( tree, grass, and weed ) was used. Oak, ryegrass, mugwort, ragweed and hop Japanese pollens were chosen for the subject of study. The level and pattern of bound IgE to each pollen and cross - reactivity between pollens were investigated by ELISA and immunoblot experiments. RESULTS: In ELISA, the IgE of a pool of sera reacted to ryegrass and ragweed in 100%, to mugwort in 95%, to oak in 75%, and to hop Japanese in 65%, respectively. In inhibitory ELI - SA, more than 50% of bound IgE was mutually inhibited in oak vs ryegrass, oak vs mugwort, mugwort vs ryegrass and mugwort vs hop Japanese. In immunoblot, the IgE binding rate to major allergens of each pollen was 95% for hop Japanese, 75% for ragweed, 50% for ryegrass, 35% for mugwort, and 30% for oak, respectively. In inhibitory immunoblot, the mutually inhibited bound IgE could not be observed between major allergens of each pollen, but some minor allergens of oak pollen were mutually inhibited by ryegrass. CONCLUSION: Cross - reactivity between major allergens of oak, ryegrass, mugwort, ragweed and hop Japanese pollens was not observed at all, but some minor allergens of oak pollen cross-reacted with ryegrass and mugwort, and so did those of mugwort pollen with ryegrass and hop Japanese.
Allergens ; Ambrosia ; Artemisia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Humulus ; Immunoglobulin E ; Lolium ; Poaceae ; Pollen* ; Skin

No abstract available.
Humans ; Stroke* ; Walking*

Metformin is a treatment used widely for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with few side effects and acts by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Lymphoma is one of the most common hematological malignancies in dogs. Chemotherapy is used mainly on lymphoma, but further research on developing anticancer drugs for lymphoma is needed because of its severe side effects. This study examined the anticancer effects of metformin alone and in combination with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog, on EL4 cells (mouse T-cell lymphoma). Metformin reduced the metabolic activity of EL4 cells and showed an additive effect when combined with 2-DG. In addition, cell death was confirmed using a trypan blue exclusion test, Hochest 33342/propidium iodide (PI) staining, and Annexin V/PI staining. An analysis of the cell cycle and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) to investigate the mechanism of action showed that metformin stopped the G2/M phase of EL4 cells, and metformin + 2-DG decreased MMP. Metformin exhibited anticancer effects as a G2/M phase arrest mechanism in EL4 cells and showed additive effects when combined with 2-DG via MMP reduction. Unlike cytotoxic chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs, metformin and 2-DG are related to cellular glucose metabolism and have little toxicity. Therefore, metformin and 2-DG can be an alternative to reduce the toxicity caused by chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, research is needed to verify the in vivo efficacy of metformin and 2-DG before they can be used in lymphoma treatments.

Cystic masses of the adrenal gland are unusual in the fetus and most are secondary to hemorrhage. Cysticneuroblastoma is extremely rare, and in contrast to solid neuroblastoma, follows a benign course, is diagnosedearlier, and rarely presents with metastatic lesions(1-4). We report one case of cystic neuroblastoma diagnosedprenatally by ultrasound(US) and magnetic resonance(MR) imaging, and include a review of the literature.
Adrenal Glands ; Fetus ; Hemorrhage ; Neuroblastoma*

Caudal analgesia is a widely accepted technique for providing pain relief. However, both permanent and transient neurologic complications, including paraplegia, have been reported. We report on a patient who developed paraplegia following a caudal block for an epidural mass. The cause of the paraplegia was unknown, but possibly spinal angioma may have taken part in the onset and progression of the paralysis. A mechanism is proposed by which the caudal injection may have caused a change in blood flow through the spinal angioma resulting in cord ischemia.
Analgesia* ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Paralysis ; Paraplegia*

Tinea faciale is a dermatophyte infection of glabrous skin of the face except bearded areas of the adult male. Tinea faciale usually has been classified as tinea corporis but recently recognized as a separate disease entity. The age distribution of patients was highest in the age group of 10 years or under. The most common pathogens are Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, T. mentagrophytes. We present an atypical case of Tinea faciale with Tinea capitis & Tinea corporis caused by Microsporum canis in a 75-year-old woman.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Arthrodermataceae ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsporum ; Skin ; Tinea Capitis* ; Tinea* ; Trichophyton

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is suggested to play a major role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Excellent clinical responses of psoriasis to anti-TNF-alpha-based therapies have recently been demonstrated. We studied the effect of combination therapy of infliximab, methotrexate, and retinoid in recalcitrant pustular psoriasis. A 34-year-old woman with a 1-year history of severe pustular psoriasis, who had not responded to conventional therapies, responded rapidly to combination treatment with infliximab, methotrexate, and retinoid. The clinical response was ascertained by the PASI gap (Psoriasis area and severity index) and the VAS gap (Visual affected sign). The findings showed that all the pustular lesions faded away after a single combination therapy treatment, and there has been no recurrence of pustular psoriasis for 8 months since initial injection. Thus, we conclude that the combination therapy of infliximab, methotrexate, and retinoid is an effective therapy for severe recalcitrant pustular psoriasis which does not respond to conventional therapies.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Methotrexate* ; Psoriasis* ; Recurrence ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Infliximab