The clincal importance of electroretinogram(ERG) lies in the diagnosis of suspected retinal dysfunction. The noncorneal ERG is essential for certain patients in which corneal recording is difficult such as children and uncooperators. ERGs were recorded using contact lens electrode and skin electrode in 31 volunteers. The results obtained were as follows: The b-wave amplitude with skin electrode was 28.4% compared to that with contact lens electrode. The best recording with skin electrode was made from skin point on the middle third of lower lid. When the eyeball was adducted or abdu cted, the maximum amplitude of b-wave with skin electrode was obtained from the canthus near the central cornea. When the stimulus intensity was elevated from 0.3 Joule to 60 Joules, the maximum amplitude with contact lens electrode was recorded with 20 Joules stimulation, but that with skin electrode was recorded with 60 Joules stimulation.
Child ; Cornea ; Diagnosis ; Electrodes* ; Humans ; Retinaldehyde ; Skin* ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) at the end of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: We analyzed 50 patients (52 eyes) who underwent PPV for treatment of PDR and received an intravitreal injection of 4 mg TA at the end of surgery. The study group (Group 1) was compared with a control group (Group 2, 46 patients, 51 eyes) (matched with the study group for preoperative parameters) who underwent PPV without intravitreal injection of TA. RESULTS: In Group 1, the grade of anterior chamber cells at postoperative days 1 and 7 was significantly lower than that of Group 2. There was slight mean IOP elevation in Group 1 at postoperative weeks 2, 3, 4, and 8, but it was not statistically significant. Forty-four eyes (84.6%) from Group 1 showed better visual acuity at the last follow-up than at the preoperative visit (Group 1). Thirty-two eyes (62.8%) from Group 2 showed better visual acuity at the last follow-up than at the preoperative visit. The degree of visual improvement was 0.75 logMAR in Group 1 and 0.59 logMAR in Group 2. Vitreous hemorrhage occurred in 9 eyes (17.3%) from Group 1 and in 19 eyes (37.3%) from Group 2. However, the differences in the occurrence of neovascularization in iris and neovascular glaucoma between two groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal TA injection at the end of PPV seems to be effective in improving visual acuity and decreasing early postoperative inflammation and the frequency of vitreous hemorrhage.
Anterior Chamber ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intravitreal Injections ; Iris ; Triamcinolone Acetonide* ; Triamcinolone* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change of axial length (AL), intraocular pressure (IOP), and corneal astigmatism after scleral shortening with scleral invagination in the rabbit eye. METHODS: The authors performed scleral shortening (3 mm) with scleral invagination in two groups of 6 eyes each: 180 degrees (group 1) and 360 degrees (group 2). RESULTS: Average AL shortening was more prominent in group 2 (0.5 +/- 0.17 mm) than in group 1 (0.37 +/- 0.29 mm), but the difference was not statistically significant. IOP increased immediately after the procedure and was maintained at a high level through 2 months postoperatively. Induced corneal astigmatism was more prominent in group 1 than in group 2. The difference was statistically significant in group 1 (p< 0.05) but not in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: In the scleral shortening with scleral invagination procedure, a large amount of scleral invagination resulted in more shortening of axial length, but there was more corneal astigmatism in 180-degree invagination of the sclera than in 360-degree. Further research is required to determine the effect of the extent of scleral invagination on the change of these values.
Animals ; Astigmatism/*etiology ; Corneal Diseases/*etiology ; Eye/*pathology ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Postoperative Period ; Rabbits ; Sclera/*surgery

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rare pathogen, frequently found in water, soil, animals and plant materials. It can cause infections involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal system after direct inoculation of the pathogen through surgical traumas, punctures and injections. We report a case of infrapatellar bursitis caused by M. fortuitum in an immunocompetent, 42-year-old female, which occurred after bicycle trauma. She experienced marked improvement after surgical excision and debridement of the wound site and antimicrobial therapy.
Adult ; Animals ; Bursitis ; Debridement ; Female ; Humans ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium fortuitum ; Plants ; Punctures ; Skin ; Soil

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rare pathogen, frequently found in water, soil, animals and plant materials. It can cause infections involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal system after direct inoculation of the pathogen through surgical traumas, punctures and injections. We report a case of infrapatellar bursitis caused by M. fortuitum in an immunocompetent, 42-year-old female, which occurred after bicycle trauma. She experienced marked improvement after surgical excision and debridement of the wound site and antimicrobial therapy.
Adult ; Animals ; Bursitis ; Debridement ; Female ; Humans ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium fortuitum ; Plants ; Punctures ; Skin ; Soil