An experimental study was performed for the observation of the effect of the shock wave on the renal parenchyme of the white rat. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to this study. The experimental rats were divided into four groups by the intensity and amount of shock wave and also each group was subdivided into three small groups by the time of sacrifice. The following results of gross and microscopic examination were obtained. After expulsion of shock wave, various injuries such as subcapsular hematoma, parenchymal hematoma and laceration were seen and the degree of injuries was increased according to the intensity and amount of shock wave macroscopically. On the 1st day of sacrifice, the ischemic necrosis of parenchyme was observed at directly exposed site, the hemorrhage, congestion and arteriolar damages at transitional zone. On the 7th day, the renal capsular thickening by fibroblast proliferation and focal fibrosis was appeared at direct zone. At transitional zone, moderate lymphocyte infiltration was observed. On the 28th day, renal parenchyme was replaced by fibrosis at direct zone, severe lymphocyte infiltration and thyroidaization were observed at transitional zone. The degree of injuries was not proportional to the amount and intensity of shock wave microscopically and the reasons will be discussed later. Conclusively, the shock wave caused the partial functional loss and pathologic sequela of renal parenchyme.
Animals ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrosis ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Kidney ; Lacerations ; Lymphocytes ; Necrosis ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Shock*

The effects on renal function following percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL) were investigated on 37 patients. The overall success rate was 76%. The success rate on renal stone(79% ) was better than on upper ureter stone(67% ). The complication rate was much lower on later cases according to the increasing experiences and improved technique. The renal function was evaluated on 15 cases using DMSA renal scan and separate creatinine clearance rate pre-and post-operatively. Fourteen cases out of fifteen cases showed no significant renal functional change statistically. However, only one case who had massive renal bleeding for eight days postoperatively showed about 18% reduction of renal function and which case was considered due to major renal vascular damage during PCN tract creation. Conclusively, PNL seemed to be safer and has lower morbidity rate than surgical removal of stone if carried out by experienced hands.
Creatinine ; Hand ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous* ; Pregnenolone Carbonitrile ; Succimer ; Ureter

No abstract available.
Myasthenia Gravis* ; Thymectomy*

No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Mitral Valve*

The 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), DNA adduct produced by oxygen radical-induced hydroxylation of C-8 position of guanine residue is accepted as to cause mutation and associate with carcinogenesis, and there are many carcinogens those produce oxygen radicals. Although many carcinogens have been accepted to induce bladder tumor, there is little known about the mechanism of carcinogenesis by these carcinogens. Following administration of bladder carcinogen, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN), 4-Aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) to human normal bladder epithelial cell, the results were obtained.1. Following administration of aromatic amine carcinogen, BBN, 4-ABP and 2-NA, the content of 8-OH-dG was increased to about 30-35 % although some variation of time existed according to the kinds of carcinogens. 2. Following administration of MNU, the content of 8-OH-dG was increased to about less than 3 % over all times. 3. Following administration of H2O2 that produce oxygen radicals without metabolism, the content of 8-OH-dG was increased to about 37 %. From this result, it can be supposed that the in crease of 8-OH-dG by carcinogens is induced by oxygen radical.The results obtained suggest that there are some enzymes in bladder epithelium that are related to metabolism of aromatic amine carcinogens and modification of DNA in bladder epithelial cell by the oxygen radicals, that is Formation of 8-OH-dG, is induced in carcinogenesis of bladder tumor byaromatic amine carcinogens.
2-Naphthylamine ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinogens* ; DNA* ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Guanine ; Humans* ; Hydroxylation ; Metabolism ; Methylnitrosourea ; Oxygen ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Stress, depending on its intensity and duration, results in either adaptive or maladaptive physiological and psychological changes in humans. Also, it was found that stressful experiences increase the signs of behavioral despair in rodents. On the other hand, exercise and melatonin treatment is believed to have many beneficial effects on health. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of physical activity and melatonin against chronic stress-induced depression in rats. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats(200-250g, 7 weeks of age) were subjected to depression induced by chronic stress. Chronic depression was induced with forced-swim stress (FSS) and repeated change of light-dark cycle for 4 weeks. In the last 2 weeks, some rats were confined in a cage enriched with a running wheel, seesaw and chewed a ball from 19:00 to 07:00 every day. Melatonin was injected intra-peritoneally (I.P), and the rats received intraperitoneal injections of melatonin (15 mg/kg). The Forced Swim Test (FST) was performed to evaluate the immobility behaviors of rats for a 5 min test. RESULTS: It was found that, the immobility time in FST was significantly (p<.05) lower in physical exercise (M=58.83+/-22.73) and melatonin (M=67.33+/-37.73) than in depressive rats (M=145.93+/-63.16) without physical activity. Also, TPH positive cell in dorsal raphe was significantly (p<.05) higher in exercise (M=457.38+/-103.21) and melatonin (M=425.38+/-111.56) than in depressive rats (M=258.25+/-89.13). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that physical activity and melatonin produces antidepressant-like effect on stress-induced depression in rats. So, physical exercise and melatonin may be a good intervention in depression patients.
Adult ; Animals ; Depression* ; Exercise ; Hand ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Melatonin* ; Models, Animal* ; Motor Activity* ; Photoperiod ; Rats* ; Rodentia ; Running

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we compared anxiety, depression, and maternal-fetal attachment between high-risk pregnant women and normal pregnant women, and investigated whether there was a correlation between anxiety, depression, and maternal-fetal attachment in each group.METHODS: Two hundred and eleven pregnant women(118 high-risk pregnant women, 93 normal pregnant women) were recruited. All subjects were administered a sociodemographic and obstetric questionnaire, Stait Trait Anxiety Inventory-State(STAI-S), Beck Depression Inventory- II(BDI-II), and Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale(MFAS).RESULTS: Total score of STAI-S in high-risk pregnant women was 13.704 point higher than that in normal pregnant women(95% CI=10.449–16.959, p<0.001). Also, total BDI-II score in high-risk pregnant women was 5.325 higher than that in normal pregnant women(95% CI=1.850–3.711, p<0.001). There was no significant difference between total MFAS score of normal pregnant women and that of high-risk pregnant women(t=1.594, p=0.112). There was a significant positive correlation between anxiety and depression in both normal(r=0.529, p<0.001) and high-risk(r=0.582, p<0.001) groups. In normal pregnant women, there was a significant negative correlation between anxiety and maternal-fetal attachment(r=−0.284, p=0.006).CONCLUSION: High-risk pregnant women experienced more anxiety and depression than normal pregnant women, and the maternal-fetal attachment was not significantly different between the two groups. The higher the level of anxiety of the pregnant women, the lower the degree of maternal-fetal attachment. Psychological support for dealing with the emotional problems of high-risk pregnant women and promoting maternal-fetal attachment is needed.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy, High-Risk ; Pregnant Women

PURPOSE: The aims of this review were to evaluate the usefulness of arthroscopy and to study of different types of knee pathology in children under 15 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1980 to January 2000, we retrospectively reviewed and analyzed 31 children (38 knees) under 15 years old, were performed arthroscopy at our department The use-fulness of arthroscopy was assessed by relating the prearthroscopic diagnosis to the intraarthroscopic findings. The procedure was classified as "not useful "when no additional information was obtained, "useful "when a doubtful diagnosis was confirmed and additional information was obtained, and "very useful "when a totally different diagnosis was reached and the cases of internal derangement. RESULTS: Total 46 lesions of 38 knees were found in arthroscopic finding. Most frequent pathology was meniscal lesions (26 cases), next were ligament injury (6 cases). Arthroscopy was found to be very useful, useful, not useful in 40%, 16%, 44%, respectively of children. CONCLUSION: In this study, the most common arthroscopic findings are meniscal lesions (57%). 56% of all cases were classified as useful and very useful. Overall, arthroscopy is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool that can be used safely in children.
Adolescent ; Arthroscopy* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Abrupt vessel closure and acute ischemia were unpredictable during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Abupt or threatened closure after coronary angioplasty is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery and in-hospital mortality. One of major causes of these complications was associated with coronary artery dissection. Intracoronary stent with various designs have been developed to treat dissections or acute closure after angioplasty. This study reports on the early clinical experience with flexible coil stent in a single center. METHOD: From March 1993 through December 1993, 33 patients underwent coronary stenting with flexible coil stent(12-20mm length, 2.5-3.5mm diameter) for various indications(acute or threatened closure, suboptimal result after balloon angioplasty, elective). RESULTS: Thirty-two flexible coil stent were successfully deployed in 31 patients among 34 attempted stents with 94% of procedural success rate. Intracoronary stenting resulted in an immediate angiographic improvement in the diameter stenosis from 87% before stenting to 18% after stenting by caliper estimation. Emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery was required in 1 of 33 patients(3%). The incidence of in-hospital myocardial infarction(Q wave and non-Q wave) was 3% (1 of 33 patients.) Complications included blood loss, primarily from the arterial access site in 4 patients, hemopericardium and aspiration pneumonia in 1 patients respectively. CONCLUSION: Initial experience with flexible coil(Gianturco-Roubin) coronary stent indicates that it is a useful adjunct percutaneous intervention to prevent or minimize complications associated with coronary artery dissection after balloon angioplasty with high technical success rate.
Angioplasty ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Vessels ; Emergencies ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Stents* ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of serum CA 125, CA 19-9, and eosinophil as biological markers for the diagnosis and recurrence of endometriosis. METHODS: One hundred seventeen patients who underwent operations for endometriosis between January 2000 and December 2006 at our department were included. A total of 50 reproductive aged women who visited our health care center were the control group. Data on serum level of CA 125, CA 19-9, and eosinophil was collected. Patients symptoms, sonographic findings, stage, treatment, recurrence were also collected. Venous blood sampling was performed 1 month before operation and 1 to 6 months after operation. We analyzed the serum level of CA 125, CA 19-9, and eosinophil according to the endometriosis stage and symptoms. We also analyzed the differences between preoperative and postoperative serum marker levels. RESULTS: The serum level of CA 125 and CA 19-9 was available in 88 patients and 45 patients, respectively. The mean eosinophil count was significantly lower in endometriosis group than in control group. In comparison between preoperative values and postoperative values, the CA 125 and CA 19-9 level showed significant reduction (P<0.05), however the eosinophil level showed no difference. The positive rate of serum CA 125 and CA 19-9 were 68.9% and 60.0% as a single test, whereas the combined positive rate of CA 125 and CA 19-9 was 82.2%. CONCLUSION: For the diagnosis and follow-up of endometriosis, serum CA 125 and CA 19-9 combination test will be valuable. Serum eosinophil count seems to be unsuitable for the screening and follow up test of endometriosis.
Aged ; Biomarkers ; Delivery of Health Care ; Endometriosis ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Recurrence