After aseptic or septic meningitis, some neurologic complications such as convulsions, delirium, rigidity, cerebral infarctions and cerebral hemorrhage can be developed. The cerebral infarction after meningitis is caused by arterial or venous occlusions. Involvement of small perforating arteries leads to ganglionic infarcts while severe sapsm of major vessels may lead to massive infarctions in the distribution of middle and/or anterior cerebral arteries. Cortical venous and/or dural thrombosis (especially in the superior sagittal sinus) produces typical features, including multiple areas of white matter hemorrhagic infarction. These neurologic complications are common in bacterial meningitis and very rare in aseptic meningitis. We experienced a case of cerebral infarction in MCA/ACA territory and subdural hemorrhage in occipital lobe after aseptic meningitis in 10 month-old-boy. We report a case with a brief review of related literature.
Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Arteries ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Delirium ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Infarction ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Occipital Lobe ; Seizures ; Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Endocrine Cells* ; Gastrointestinal Tract* ; Goats*

We report a case of closure of the coronary artery fistula with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered stent at the proximal left anterior descending artery along with simultaneous stenting at the stenosed middle segment of the left anterior descending artery. The successful experience proved that this kind of stent is a feasible and safe supplement to catheter-based devices in treating coronary artery fistula, although further evaluation is needed.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Arteries* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Fistula* ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Stents* ; Vascular Fistula

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Platelets play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome. Prostacyclin inhibits platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and vasoconstriction, and it counteracts thromboxane A2 activity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the prostacyclin synthase gene and myocardial infarction in Koreans. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied total 119 patients (M: F=72: 47, mean ages=57.9). We compared 60 acute coronary syndrome patients who underwent coronary angiography with the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI), with 59 normal control group patients who had normal coronary angiograms. With the use of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, C1117A, in exon 8. RESULTS: The genotype distribution and allele frequencies were significantly different between the control group and MI group. Frequency of the genotype C1117A was: AA: AC: CC=3.4%: 30.5%: 66.1% in control group, respectively, and AA: AC: CC=1.7%: 10.0%: 88.3% in MI group, respectively. Prostacyclin synthase polymorphism was observed in the MI group and the control group, but the frequency of the CC genotype was high in MI group (odds ratio, 3.88; 95% CI 1.49-10.88, p=0.003). Compared to control group, being male, having diabetes, hypertension or obesity, and the smoking rate were high in MI group. There were not significantly differences between genotypes for clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the C1117A polymorphism in exon 8 of the prostacyclin synthase gene is associated with MI, and it may be a genetic marker of MI in Koreans.
Acute Coronary Syndrome* ; Coronary Angiography ; Diagnosis ; Epoprostenol* ; Exons ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Markers ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Obesity ; Platelet Aggregation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Thromboxane A2 ; Vasoconstriction

The mucociliary system of the airway is composed of cilia, mucus and periciliary fluid, and plays an important role in airway defense by eliminating inhaled particles. Efficient mucociliary activity is essential for maintaining the normal physiologic functions of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The overall propulsive effect of the mucus blanket depends upon the arrangement of cilia, the ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and their metachronal relationships (or ciliary wave disorder [CWD]). This article reviews the mechanism of CBF.
Cilia ; Epithelial Cells* ; Mucociliary Clearance ; Mucus ; Nasal Cavity ; Paranasal Sinuses

We experienced five cases of solitary fibrous tumor; two in the pleura, two in the orbital soft tissue, and one in the lung parenchyma. Three patients were male, and the age of the patients ranged from 38 to 71 years (mean age: 53.6). Grossly, the masses were well circumscribed and had varying sizes from 2.5 to 30.0 cm. The cut surfaces were grayish-yellow firm with focal variegated hemorrhage, necrosis, cystic change, and myxoid area. Microscopically, these were characterized by a haphazard proliferation of spindle cells or polygonal cells separated by variable amounts of hyalinized collagen and showed a prominent vascular channels reminiscent of hemangiopericytoma in foci. Immunoperoxidase stains showed a strong reactivity for CD34, and were weakly positive for vimentin. Electron microscopical examination revealed features of fibroblast; spindle to round tumor cells were arranged in groups and surrounded by collagen. Nucleoli were seldom prominent. The cytoplasm contained many microfilaments and a moderate number of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Collagen ; Coloring Agents ; Cytoplasm ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Fibroblasts ; Hemangiopericytoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Lung ; Male ; Necrosis ; Orbit ; Pleura ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors* ; Vimentin

PURPOSE: Voiding function of the neonate is considered to be different from that of adult. Although immaturity in the central nervous system that governs urinary bladder is thought to be the cause, few well-designed physiological studies on the properties of bladder itself have been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urinary bladders were removed from male Sprague-Dawley rats, 1 to 3-day old neonate and 12 week-old adult. Anterior longitudinal muscle strips without mucosa were obtained and isometric contractions were recorded. Contractile responses induced by carbachol (CCh 0.05-10.0 microM) were obtained. To investigate length-tension relationship between adult and neonate bladder, each strip was stepwise stretched up to 300% L (taking L, 100% length in a resting state) by micropositioner. In each step it was fully permitted to reach steady state in which electrical field stimulations (0.8ms, 50Hz, 2.5s duration) were applied to assess optimal length for contraction. RESULTS: CCh produced a large phasic contraction followed by a sustained tonic contraction superimposed by rapid phasic activities (RPAs) in both group but the patterns were quite different. Neonatal bladder was characterized by its tonic contractions; lesser tone increase with dose increment and taller RPAs of shorter duration. Amplitude of CCh-induced contraction were corrected by tissue weight, neonatal bladder generated greater force than that of adult. Length-tension analysis revealed that the range of active contraction in neonatal bladder according to the stretch were similar, while passive properties were quite different from that of adult bladder. Stress in the muscle strips was derived from tension divided by cross-sectional area of the strip (g/cm2). Steep increase in total tension per area as stepwise stretch was observed in neonatal bladder, which was mainly ascribed to passive properties of the bladder. Optimal length of maximal active force generation was noted in 220% of resting length in both neonatal and adult bladder. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that CCh-induced contractile pattern and length-tension relationship in neonatal bladder are quite different from those of adult bladder in the rats, which suggests, aside from the neural immaturity, functional difference exists in the bladder itself. During development, neonatal urinary bladder seems to undergo remarkable changes in both active and passive properties.
Adult* ; Animals ; Carbachol ; Central Nervous System ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Isometric Contraction ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: To investigate the cytotoxic effect of rigid gas permeable(RGP) and reverse geometry lens(RGL) on rabbit corneal cells. METHODS: In 36 white rabbits, right eyes were worn with either RGP or RGL. Left eyes were served as control. The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14 days after fitting and 7, 14 days after removal. Morphological changes of the basal epithelial cells and stromal keratocytes were observed using the light and transmission electron microscopy. The samples were examined after TUNEL staining in 3 high power fields (x400). RESULTS: In control eyes, 2.26% of central corneal epithelial cells showed apoptosis. After RGP wearing, the epithelial apoptosis decreased by 0.32% compared to control eyes(2.17%) at 14 days(p<0.001), and returned to 1.55% at 14 days after lens removal(2.04% in control, p=0.161). After RGL wearing, the degree of apoptosis was also lower than control(3.22%) by 0.30% at 14 days(p=0.003). However, it increased to 0.75% at 14 days after lens removal(1.67% in control, p=0.077). A few TUNEL positive fibroblasts were found in superficial stroma in both RGP and RGL group, but not in control eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Both RGP and RGL wearing may decrease the degree of apoptosis in corneal epithelium and lead the apoptosis in corneal stroma. The degree of apoptosis was recovered after lens removal, suggesting the process might to be reversible. The fitting with RGL induced apoptosis of keratocyte more than the fitting with RGP did. It suggests that the RGL wearing may be less physiologic than RGP wearing.
Apoptosis* ; Cornea* ; Corneal Stroma ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Fibroblasts ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Rabbits

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestation and treatment outcome of the nasal cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and compared its survival rate with that of the maxillary sinus (MS) SCC. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Thirty two patients who were diagnosed as nasal cavity SCC or ethmoid sinus SCC between 1984 and 2005 were selected. These patients were referred to as the intranasal (IN) SCC group. Ten prognostic factors were evaluated in terms of survival rate and recurrence. The survival rate of 61 patients who were diagnosed as MS SCC was compared with that of the IN SCC. RESULTS: Chief complaints of the patients with IN SCC were nasal obstruction (40.4%), epistaxis (25.0%), and rhinorrhea (13.5%). The 5 year survival rate of IN SCC was 44.6% and the 5 year disease free survival rate was 27.7%. The most important prognostic factor was T stage (p<.001). The 5 year survival rate of MS SCC was 55.4%, and it was statistically not different from that of the IN SCC (p=.472). In the T1, T2, T3 stages, the 5-year-survival rate of the IN SCC was similar to that of MS SCC (p=.637). But in the T4 stage, IN SCC tended to have a worse prognosis (p=.074). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of IN SCC was similar to that of the MS SCC. However, MS SCCs were detected in a more advanced stage and T4 stage of the IN SCC had a worse prognosis compared to the same stage of MS SCC.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Epistaxis ; Ethmoid Sinus* ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Nasal Cavity* ; Nasal Obstruction ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

For the treatment of coarction of aorta, surgical intervention has been known as a standard therapy.During last decade balloon angioplasty for coarctation of the aorta has been reported as a successful and safe procedure in about 300 cases. This angioplasty was done mainly in infants and children, and little cases in adults and adolescents. A 22 year-old adult with coarctation of aorta have recieved balloon angioplasty. He visited to emergency room due to severe headache and the blood presure of arm was 240/130mmHg at emergency room. The blood pressure at ward was 168/92mmHg in upper extremities, 104/82mmHg in lower extrimities. His aortogram showed coarctation of thoracic aorta below left subclavian artery. The pressure gradient beween ascending aorta and right femoral artery was decreased from 60mmHg to 0mmHg after balloon dilatation (2 times, balloon diameter 18mm). There were no significant complications. The follow-up magnetic resonance image in 4 month after balloon angioplasty showed no evidence of restenosis or saccular aneurysm. Initial hypertension turned to normal blood pressure in 4 months after balloon angioplasty. This adult case of successful balloon angioplasty for coarctation of aorta is the first case reported in Korea.
Adolescent ; Adult* ; Aneurysm ; Angioplasty ; Angioplasty, Balloon* ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Aortic Coarctation* ; Arm ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Dilatation ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Femoral Artery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant ; Korea ; Subclavian Artery ; Upper Extremity ; Young Adult