The effect of phenol concentration on the structure and function of microbial communities,which were cultured in different conditions using coking wastewater biofilm as seeding,was investigated by Biolog and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)methods.The less number of bands of cultivated sam-ples on the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprint of 16S rRNA gene indicated reduction of di-versity after enrichment and cultivation.Some bands on the DGGE gel were significantly influenced by the phenol concentration in medium.The results of Biolog showed that the original biofilm sample had the highest substrate utility capacity as measured by average well color development(AWCD).But low concen-tration of phenol enriched sample S7 showed more diverse activity on the utility of Carboxylic acids.The principal component analysis(PCA)of Biolog data revealed that the metabolic patterns were similar when using the same phenol concentration,although the sample S7 much less similar to other cultivated samples.These results suggested that the enrichment and cultivation with phenol supplemented decreased the diver-sity and also changed the metabolic function of the microbial community.Lower phenol concentration in-creased the microbial community metabolic activity.The phenol degrading capacity of isolates from each samples indicated that the enrichment and cultivation condition had changed the type and property of cul-truable bacteria.Based on these results,we concluded that the different microorganisms will be isolated un-der different cultivation condition.

Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by the early onset of colon cancer, endometrial cancer and other tumors caused by a genetic mutation within DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes.A small subgroup (approximately 3% -5%) of endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer is related to Lynch syndrome .Identification of these patients in clinical practice will be of great benefit to the relatives and patients themselves .We reported two cases, and reviewed the literature and clinical diagnostic guideline.MMR protein was lost in the tumors.Meanwhile the two cases had different clinicopathological characteristics.Together with the literature, our findings may suggest that the MMR protein expression, associated molecular alterations and clinicopathological features and biological behavior of endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer related to Lynch syndrome are different .Thus the algorithm for detection the patients at highest risk is different .To detect the MMR loss by immunohisto-chemistry is a practicalscreening method.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-emetic effect of ethanol extract from "WuZhuYu broth" and its mechanism.

METHODThree experiments were carried out test which extract has anti-emetic activity, such as CuSO4-induced pigeon's emetic response, gastric emptying in mice and ACh-induced or 5-HT-induced contraction in vitro gastric muscle in rats. Meanwhile, effect of anti-emetic extract on concentration-response curve to ACh, 5-HT, histamine was investigated.

RESULT50% ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract were identified as having significantly stronger anti-emetic activities with little side effect, which showed the significant effect on concentration-response curve to ACh, 5-HT, histamine.

CONCLUSION50% ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract contain more anti-emetic fractions, more anti-emetic fractions can be gained at the concentrations of 50% and 70% ethanol; the mechanism of anti-emetic effect is related to its antagonism to the receptors of ACh, 5-HT, histamine.

Animals ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Columbidae ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Evodia ; chemistry ; Female ; Gastric Emptying ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vomiting ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effects of total vertebral column resection combined with anterior mesh cage support in treating severe congenital kyphoscoliosis.

METHODSFrom April 2008 to April 2012,21 patients with severe congenital kyphoscoliosis were treated with total vertebral column resection and internal fixation through posterior approach combined with anterior mesh cage support. There were 8 males and 13 females with an average age of 19.4 years old (ranged from 10 to 35). And 6 cases were thoracic segments deformity,13 cases were thoracolumbar segments and 2 cases were lumbar segments, of them, 2 cases were accompanied with Chairs deformity, 6 cases with diastematomyelia, 4 cases with syringomyelia,and 1 case with neurofibromatosis. According to the Frankel grade system, 3 cases were grade C, 5 cases grade D and 13 cases grade E. Blood loss, operative time, and perioperative complications were recorded. Coronal and sagittal Cobb angle, apical vertebral offset distance, sagittal offset, the relative height of shoulders, razor back deformities were measured and analyzed before and after operation.

RESULTSThe average operative time was 5.2 h (3.5 to 6.5 h) and blood loss was 2,500 ml (1,400 to 4,900 ml). The 2nd day after operation, apical vertebral offset distance, sagittal offset, the relative height of shoulders, razor back deformities had obviously improved than preoperative (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in above items between postoperative on the 2nd day and final follow-up (P > 0.05). The corrective rate of kyphosis and scoliosis were (60.97 +/- 6.30)% and (62.24 +/- 5.82)%, respectively. On the first day after surgery,2 cases of Frankel grade E aggravated to grade D, and obtained recovery at 2 week after conservative treatment. And 1 case palinesthesia later,grade D aggravated to grade C and obtained recovery after revision surgery in time. One case complicated with permanent blindness of left eye, 1 case occurred injury of pleura and 2 cases had cerebrospinal fluid leak during operation. All patients were followed up from 9 to 31 months with an av- erage of 18.6 months. At final follow-up,all patients obtained bone union, Frankel grade D in 4 cases and grade E in 17 cases, no correction loss and internal fixation loosening was found.

CONCLUSIONTotal vertebral column resection combined with anterior mesh cage support can effectively correct kyphosis and scoliosis in severe congenital kyphoscoliosis and can avoid injury of spine cord by spinal crispation, but intraoperative position and neurologic complications should still be considered.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; complications ; congenital ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; complications ; congenital ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Spine ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective:To construct a satisfaction evaluation indicator system based on patients′experiences of medical services .Methods: A questionnaire was designed by expert interview and literature review and 400 copies were randomly handed out to inpatients and outpatients from five 3A-public hospitals in Shanghai .The patient′s evaluation of importance of various factors in medical services was analyzed and the mean and weight of indicators in terms of recognition , importance and evaluation were determined to establish a satisfaction evaluation indicator system .Results: A total of 396 valid questionnaires were retrieved , with an effective response rate of 99%.By analyzing survey data , the patient satisfaction evaluation indicator system was constructed with 5 primary indicators ( hospital environment , medical procedures , attitude, and quality of care and patient rights ) and 25 secondary indicators ( convenient hospital environment , auxiliary facilities , reasonable arrangement , clearly mark, convenient appointment , simple procedures, short time, the attitude of medical staff, solutions of medical dispute , medical technology , treatment, medical equipment , medical expenses, respect, patient privacy, etc.).Conclusion:A patient satisfaction evaluation indicator system has been established based on patients′experience of medical services in the study , which may be applicable to measure patients′satisfaction and to improve medical services in hospitals .

This study was aimed to investigate the induction effect ofRe-Du-Ning (RDN) Injection on rat liver microsome CYP450 enzymes. SD rats were randomly divided into the solvent control group, positive control group as well as the low, middle and high dose group of RDN (1, 2, 4 mL·kg-1·d-1). After drugs were administrated continuously for 7 days, the rats were sacrificed. The liver was weighed and prepared to microsomes. Meanwhile, the liver coefficients of rats were calculated. And the protein content was detected by BCA method. Finally, activities of five important subtypes of CYP450 enzymes such as CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A1/2 were measured by the“cocktail” method. The results showed that the levels of liver coefficients, microsome yield rate and activities of CYP450 subtypes increased significantly in the positive control group compared with the solvent control group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference on the levels of liver coefficients, microsome yield and protein content between the low and middle dose group of RDN. However, there was significant difference on the levels of liver coefficients and microsome yield in the high dose group (P < 0.05). In terms of the influence on enzyme activity, RDN Injection can significantly induce the activities of CYP1A2 with dose dependence. It can induce the activities of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 at the middle and high dose. However, there was no obvious influence on the activities of CYP3A1/2 and CYP2D6. It was concluded that the positive control group can obviously induce activities of CYP450, which can be used in the evaluation of induction experiments. RDN Injection had induction effect on CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. But it had no influence on the activities of CYP3A1/2 and CYP2D6.

Objective To explore the impact of polysomy of chromosome 17 on the interpretation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and its clinical significance in breast cancers. Methods Clincopathological data of 338 breast cancer patients were collected, and the association of clinicopathological characteristics with polysomy of chromosome 17 was analyzed.Based on the American Society of Clinical Oncology /College of American Pathologists updated recommendations of HER2 testing in breast cancer in 2013, the relationships between the copy number of centromeres on chromosome 17 (CEP17) and HER2 status, other important biological markers and clincopathological features of breast cancer were analyzed statistically.Results Immunohistochemical examination revealed that among the 338 breast cancer cases, there were 9 (2.7%) HER2-negative cases, 309 (91.4%) HER2-equivocal cases, and 20 (5.9%) HER2-positive cases.The FISH analysis showed that there were 226 (66.9%) HER2-negative cases, 13 (3.8%) HER2-equivocal cases, and 99 (29.3%) HER2-positive cases.Among the 338 breast cancer patients, 42 (12.4%) cases were identified as chromosome 17 polysomy (polysomy 17), 291 (86.1 %) cases were chromosome 17 disomy, and 5 (1.3%) cases were chromosome 17 monosomy.Polysomy 17 showed significant correlation with the intensity of HER2 protein expression (P =0.046).The HER2 FISH results and HER2 gene copy number of polysomy 17 cases showed significant differences from the non-polysomy 17 cases (P<0.001).There were no significant differences of HER2/CEP17 ratio between the polysomy 17 and non-polysomy 17 groups (P=0.930).Polysomy 17 cases showed a significant relationship with tumor grading and Ki -67 index (P<0.05), but not with the age of patient, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, ER and PR expressions, and effect evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( P >0.05). Co nclusi ons In the breast cancer with polysomy of chromosome 17, assessment of the absolute copy number of HER2 signals is even more important, and the HER2/CEP17 ratio and HER2 protein expression levels should be comprehensively evaluated together.

Objective To study the clinical significance of PI3Kp110αexpression in breast cancer. Methods The expressions of PI3Kp110α, HER2, PTEN, p?Akt and Ki?67 in invasive ductal carcinoma ( IDC ) , adjacent ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS ) and normal breast tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry in 102 cases of breast cancer. The expression of PI3Kp110α in IDC was compared with those in DCIS and normal breast tissues. Correlations between expression of PI3Kp110αand expression of HER2, PTEN, p?Akt and Ki?67 index in IDC were analyzed. Correlation between expression of PI3Kp110αand stage of IDC was studied as well. Results In the normal breast tissues, there were 97 cases (95.1%) with low level and 5 cases (4.9%) with high level expression of PI3Kp110α. In the DCIS tissues, there were 67 cases ( 65. 7%) with low level and 35 cases ( 34. 3%) with high level expression of PI3Kp110α. In the IDC tissues, there were 14 cases (13.7%) with low level and 88 cases (86.3%) with high level expression of PI3Kp110α. The difference between expression of PI3Kp110α in normal breast tissue, DCIS and IDC was significant ( P<0. 001 ) . In the IDC tissues, expression of PI3Kp110α was negatively correlated with expression of HER2 ( rs=-0.213,P=0.032) and PTEN ( rs=-0.197,P=0.047) , while was not significantly correlated with expression of p?Akt ( P=0.119) and Ki?67 index ( P=0.636) . In contrast, expressions of HER?2 and p?Akt were positively correlated with Ki?67 index ( P=0. 001, P=0.035), while expression of HER2 was not correlated with p?Akt (P=0.177). Expression of PI3Kp110αwas negatively correlated with T stage and TNM stage (P=0.003, P=0.016), while not correlated with N stage and M stage(both P>0.05). Expression of HER?2 was positively correlated with T stage (P=0.037), while not correlated with N stage, M stage and TNM stage ( P>0. 05 for all ) . Neither Ki?67 index nor expression of PTEN and p?Akt (P=0.194) were correlated with T stage, N stage, M stage and TNM stage. Conclusions Expression of PI3Kp110α plays an important role in oncogenesis and development of breast cancer. Based on the fact that expression of PI3Kp110αis negatively correlated with expression of HER2 and PTEN and with T stage and TNM stage, we may conclude that increased expression of PI3Kp110αis another independent pathway in breast cancer development, and breast cancer patients with high expression of PI3Kp110α may have a better prognosis.

Objective To explore the impact of polysomy of chromosome 17 on the interpretation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and its clinical significance in breast cancers. Methods Clincopathological data of 338 breast cancer patients were collected, and the association of clinicopathological characteristics with polysomy of chromosome 17 was analyzed.Based on the American Society of Clinical Oncology /College of American Pathologists updated recommendations of HER2 testing in breast cancer in 2013, the relationships between the copy number of centromeres on chromosome 17 (CEP17) and HER2 status, other important biological markers and clincopathological features of breast cancer were analyzed statistically.Results Immunohistochemical examination revealed that among the 338 breast cancer cases, there were 9 (2.7%) HER2-negative cases, 309 (91.4%) HER2-equivocal cases, and 20 (5.9%) HER2-positive cases.The FISH analysis showed that there were 226 (66.9%) HER2-negative cases, 13 (3.8%) HER2-equivocal cases, and 99 (29.3%) HER2-positive cases.Among the 338 breast cancer patients, 42 (12.4%) cases were identified as chromosome 17 polysomy (polysomy 17), 291 (86.1 %) cases were chromosome 17 disomy, and 5 (1.3%) cases were chromosome 17 monosomy.Polysomy 17 showed significant correlation with the intensity of HER2 protein expression (P =0.046).The HER2 FISH results and HER2 gene copy number of polysomy 17 cases showed significant differences from the non-polysomy 17 cases (P<0.001).There were no significant differences of HER2/CEP17 ratio between the polysomy 17 and non-polysomy 17 groups (P=0.930).Polysomy 17 cases showed a significant relationship with tumor grading and Ki -67 index (P<0.05), but not with the age of patient, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, ER and PR expressions, and effect evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( P >0.05). Co nclusi ons In the breast cancer with polysomy of chromosome 17, assessment of the absolute copy number of HER2 signals is even more important, and the HER2/CEP17 ratio and HER2 protein expression levels should be comprehensively evaluated together.

Objective To study the clinical significance of PI3Kp110αexpression in breast cancer. Methods The expressions of PI3Kp110α, HER2, PTEN, p?Akt and Ki?67 in invasive ductal carcinoma ( IDC ) , adjacent ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS ) and normal breast tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry in 102 cases of breast cancer. The expression of PI3Kp110α in IDC was compared with those in DCIS and normal breast tissues. Correlations between expression of PI3Kp110αand expression of HER2, PTEN, p?Akt and Ki?67 index in IDC were analyzed. Correlation between expression of PI3Kp110αand stage of IDC was studied as well. Results In the normal breast tissues, there were 97 cases (95.1%) with low level and 5 cases (4.9%) with high level expression of PI3Kp110α. In the DCIS tissues, there were 67 cases ( 65. 7%) with low level and 35 cases ( 34. 3%) with high level expression of PI3Kp110α. In the IDC tissues, there were 14 cases (13.7%) with low level and 88 cases (86.3%) with high level expression of PI3Kp110α. The difference between expression of PI3Kp110α in normal breast tissue, DCIS and IDC was significant ( P<0. 001 ) . In the IDC tissues, expression of PI3Kp110α was negatively correlated with expression of HER2 ( rs=-0.213,P=0.032) and PTEN ( rs=-0.197,P=0.047) , while was not significantly correlated with expression of p?Akt ( P=0.119) and Ki?67 index ( P=0.636) . In contrast, expressions of HER?2 and p?Akt were positively correlated with Ki?67 index ( P=0. 001, P=0.035), while expression of HER2 was not correlated with p?Akt (P=0.177). Expression of PI3Kp110αwas negatively correlated with T stage and TNM stage (P=0.003, P=0.016), while not correlated with N stage and M stage(both P>0.05). Expression of HER?2 was positively correlated with T stage (P=0.037), while not correlated with N stage, M stage and TNM stage ( P>0. 05 for all ) . Neither Ki?67 index nor expression of PTEN and p?Akt (P=0.194) were correlated with T stage, N stage, M stage and TNM stage. Conclusions Expression of PI3Kp110α plays an important role in oncogenesis and development of breast cancer. Based on the fact that expression of PI3Kp110αis negatively correlated with expression of HER2 and PTEN and with T stage and TNM stage, we may conclude that increased expression of PI3Kp110αis another independent pathway in breast cancer development, and breast cancer patients with high expression of PI3Kp110α may have a better prognosis.