Background: Chronic stress at work is known to be associated with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have evaluated stressand its association with metabolic syndrome in specific occupational groups. In the present study, we examined the relationship between stress andthe risk of developing metabolic syndrome in each occupational group. Methods: The present study examined 7,460 Korean workers, aged 20–65 years, whose data were collected from the Korea National Health andNutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2014 and 2016. The information on usual stress awareness was self-reported, and thebiochemical profile of the blood was conducted. The chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to investigate therelationship between stress and metabolic syndrome in each occupational group. Results: The metabolic syndrome was prevalent in 26.3% of the study subjects. In the function-related job groups, the individuals with high stress levelsshowed a significantly higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, 1.625; 95% confidence interval, 1.042–2.534) than those with lowstress levels. An increasing trend was observed, which suggested the increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome across increasing stress levelsin a stratified analysis in many occupational groups, specifically in function-related, viz., manager and expert, office worker, service worker, andsimple laborer (P for trend <0.001) groups. Conclusion The stress levels were significantly correlated with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in function-related job groups. A differencebetween dose-response association of stress levels and metabolic syndrome existed in each occupational group.

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell*

Hypopharyngeal reconstruction is a surgically challenging procedure, and postoperative management is important due to a high rate of complications following surgery. In particular, stricture and fistula formation is the most common long-term postoperative complication. Through systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 studies, a significant radiation effect of stricture and fistula formation was found in patients who underwent hypopharyngeal reconstruction. The perioperative radiation must be seen as a critical factor for stricture and fistula formation in hypopharyngeal reconstruction.

Hypopharyngeal reconstruction is a surgically challenging procedure, and postoperative management is important due to a high rate of complications following surgery. In particular, stricture and fistula formation is the most common long-term postoperative complication. Through systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 studies, a significant radiation effect of stricture and fistula formation was found in patients who underwent hypopharyngeal reconstruction. The perioperative radiation must be seen as a critical factor for stricture and fistula formation in hypopharyngeal reconstruction.

PURPOSE: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection is a common childhood disease. However, old and immune compromised patients are also at risk. Necrotizing fasciitis is a life threatening infection of the subcutaneous tissues, rapidly extending along the fascial planes. It is associated with a significant mortality rate, reported between 20% and 50%, and is therefore regarded as a surgical emergency. The authors treated a patient, who developed skin necrosis of her nose and left hemifacial area, following VZV infection. There are few literatures concerning this case; therefore, we present a rare case with review of literature. METHODS: A 39-year-old woman had shown a localized, painful, multiple bullae and eschar formation in her nose and left hemifacial area for several days. Her skin lesion had rapidly worsened in size and morphology. RESULTS: We diagnosed her as a necrotizing fasciitis, following herpes zoster, and then we performed a debridement of necrotic tissue and took a full thickness skin graft on her nose and left hemifacial area. Now, she was followed up with acceptable aesthetic result after 6 months. CONCLUSION: Secondary bacterial skin infection following VZV, can cause a result in a higher risk of complications. Among the complication, a necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck is uncommon, and involvement of the nose is even more rare. Through this uncommon case report, we intend to emphasize the fact that early diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is very important, since it frequently necessitates surgical treatment which improves morbidity and leads to good recovery.
Adult ; Blister ; Debridement ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing ; Female ; Head ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Neck ; Necrosis ; Nose ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The reverse digital island flap is useful for the repair of various fingertip injuries. We present a modified surgical technique with skin strip elevation for the prevention of postoperative congestion. METHODS: From January 2005 to October 2015, we performed 31 reconstructive procedures for finger injury using a reverse digital artery island flap with and without skin strip retention. Patients' clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and complications were investigated. RESULTS: All flaps survived and there were no donor site problems. The mean follow-up time was 5 months (range, 3-8 months). In skin strip retention group, mild venous congestion was observed in 1 case, although it resolved spontaneously. Another case retained flexion contracture, and 2 patients had stiffness at the distal interphalangeal joint. Whereas, in no retention group, venous congestion was observed in 3 cases, 1 patient had partial flap necrosis and 2 patient suffer in flexion contracture at metacarpophalangeal joint. CONCLUSION: The reverse digital island flap procedure produces consistent results and is reliable for the treatment of fingertip injury. Our modified surgical technique of elevating the flap accompanied by skin strip retention helps prevent postoperative congestion.
Arteries ; Contracture ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Finger Injuries ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Joints ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; Necrosis ; Skin* ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: Liposarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma, and usually occurs on the thigh or in the retroperitoneal space, but rarely in the oral region. This report presents a case of liposarcoma of the cheek and includes a review of the literatures. METHODS: A 21-year-old woman was admitted with a palpable mass in her cheek of about two years duration, which increased in size gradually initially, but had increased rapidly over the three months. There was no particular pain or tenderness. MRI showed a well-enhanced, well-defined mass, which suspected to be hemangioma. RESULTS: The spherical, well-encapsulated mass was surgically excised. Biopsy results revealed myxoid liposarcoma. FDG PET-CT on the seventh postoperative day, revealed a minimal to mild FDG-uptake soft tissue lesion around the mass defect area without evidence of distant metastasis. The patient is being observed and undergoing radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: Liposarcoma in the head and neck region is a rare disease, and can be overlooked as a benign tumor without a pathologic diagnosis. Therefore, proper treatment and follow-up are required based on an understanding of this disease.
Biopsy ; Cheek ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Liposarcoma ; Liposarcoma, Myxoid ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rare Diseases ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Sarcoma ; Thigh ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) represents about the 1% of the malignant neoplasms in the salivary glands and clinically most commonly found localized, well defined and sometimes presents orofacial pain. Treatment of choice is surgical excision. Postoperative radiotherapy can be used when surgical margins are doubtful. We report our experience of EMC of the parotid gland. METHODS: A 78-year-old man presented with a three-year history of a localized, painless, 7 x 6 cm sized recurred tumor in his right preauricular area. He was diagnosed as EMC of the right parotid gland. So a total parotidectomy was performed. In his old medical history, he had a mass in the same area 5 years ago. The diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was made and the mass excision was performed at the local clinic without further evaluation. RESULTS: It was unable to visually discriminate between the tumor and the normal tissue. So a total parotidectomy was performed. The patient was got post-operative radiotherapy and was followed up for 9 months. There was no specific evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: We present a case of EMC of the parotid gland in right preauricular area, which is uncommon. So we report a uncommon case of EMC to discuss about our experience with relevant journal discussion.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Aged ; Facial Pain ; Humans ; Parotid Gland ; Salivary Glands

No abstract available.
Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Lacerations*

Automobile airbags have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in the event of a vehicle crash; however, new problems have been identified. Among these problems, direct injury from the airbag itself has become a serious concern. This suggests that an airbag itself may not be safe. Burn injury from airbags accounts for about 7.8% of all injuries caused by vehicle crashes. There are three types of burn injuries from airbags: Thermal, chemical, and frictional. Moreover, there are three subtypes within the category of thermal airbag burn, as identified by Tsunetuki in 2003. Herein, we review a case of an airbag burn and report a unique burn case on ‘an upper extremity’, including both thermal and frictional burns.
Air Bags* ; Automobiles ; Burns* ; Friction ; Hot Temperature ; Mortality ; Upper Extremity*