With an ageing population, the number of pre-frail and frail elderly in the community is on the increase. Favourable policies will encourage and enable elderly to continue to be engaged and cared for, with appropriate services in the community, for the community, and by the community. This article provides an overview of suitability of currently available community centre-based care services in Singapore based on the Clinical Frailty Scale, to work towards a frailty-friendly community. Keys to building a successful frailty-friendly community will also be discussed.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Treatment Failure

Language ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

Objective To understand the microorganism pollution in the indoor air in the campus of Liaocheng University. Methods In April and May, 2004, the content of airborne microbes in the indoor air in Liaocheng University campus was determined by the gravity plate method. Results The average content of bacteria in the indoor air was 2.39?103 cfu/m3, the average content of mildew was 0.62?103 cfu/m3. The predominant microorganism in the internet bars in the campus was bacteria. Conclusion In general, the indoor air quality in Liaocheng University campus is at comparative clear level.

OBJECTIVETo research the distribution characteristics of Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome and syndrome elements of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) by analyzing literature in recent 20 years.

METHODSRelevant literature on treating CFS by syndrome differentiation of CM at home were retrieved by computer and manual ways. Database were established by using EpiData 3.1 to conduct frequency analysis of syndrome and syndrome elements.

RESULTSThe most common clinical syndromes were Xin-Pi deficiency syndrome, Gan stagnation Pi deficiency syndrome, Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome, Gan qi stagnation syndrome, and Pi-Wei qi deficiency syndrome. Disease locations were sequenced as Pi, Gan, Shen, and Xin. The clinical pathogenesis of CFS was characterized by deficiency of vital energy, complicated with intermingled excess and deficiency. Asthenia of healthy energy was mainly manifested as qi deficiency, blood deficiency, and yin deficiency, while excess of sthenia was mainly manifested as qi stagnation, phlegm dampness, and static blood.

CONCLUSIONSResearch of CM syndrome starting from syndrome elements can better unify and standardize clinical syndrome differentiation. Results of literature analysis can provide reference for further studies.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Methionine ; blood ; Tyrosine ; blood ; Tyrosine Transaminase ; deficiency ; Tyrosinemias ; blood ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; pathology ; therapy

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Body Height ; drug effects ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Disorders ; drug therapy ; Human Growth Hormone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To discuss the nursing intervention of Rey syndrome in children patients.so as to search effective nursing measures.Methods 12 children patients with Rey syndrome received comprehensive nursing treatment with reducing intracranial pressure and were under continuous close observation.Slightest changes were feeded back timely,then effective nursing measures were taken to stabilize their illness,patients also received dietary therapy,medication nursing and rehabilitation training,etc.Results All patients ameliorated after 3 to 7 days,and achieved clinical recovery after 20 to 30 days without sequelae.Conclusions Early diagnosis and correct effective nursing care can improve curative rate and avoid the occurrence of complications and sequelae.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans

Objective: In view of druggability issue of limonin (LM), the liposomal preparation was developed. The liposomal formulation and preparation process were optimized, and its in vitro antitumor activity was investigated. Methods: In this study, LM was loaded in liposomes to increase its stability and solubility. Meanwhile, in vitro cytotoxicity of LM@Lip was evaluated. LM@Lip were prepared by thin-film dispersion method, and formulation selection and process optimization were operated by single factor and orthogonal experiment. Size distribution, PDI and zeta potential were measured by Malvern sizer, and the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading content were determined by HPLC. The dialysis method was used to investigate the release profile of LM@Lip. In vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2 and A549 cells were estimated by MTT method. Results: The optimized preparation conditions of liposomes were as follows: drug/lipid ratio was 1:150, cholesterol/lipid ratio was 1:9, the ultrasonic power was 120 W for 6 min (1 s interval). The average particle size, PDI and Zeta potential of optimized LM@Lip were (119.5 ± 6.2) nm, 0.318 ± 0.124, (-17.2 ± 1.3) mV, respectively, and the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading content were 87.9% and 0.57%. The final concentration of LM was 63.4 μg/mL. The release results showed 58.59% drug was released in 12 h. MTT results showed that the IC50 of LM@Lip on HepG2 and A549 cells was 20.16 and 15.39 μg/mL, respectively, and its in vitro antitumor was superior to that of LM. Conclusion: Liposomes can increase the stability and solubility of LM. LM@Lip showed slow-release profile and significant tumor inhibition superior to LM.