We expierienced five cases of bilateral inferior vena cava for recent one year. We evaluated the CT findings of the cases and of dilated veins located in the left retroperitoneum (seven left gonadal, seven inferior mesenteric, and two left ascending lumber veins)in the viewpoints of the size, location and relation with the surrounding structures. Bilateral inferior vena cava (IVC) may be asymmetric and the left IYC may be smaller than other retroperitoneal veins with a round contour. The left lYC was located anterior to the spinal body and corresponded with contralateral vena cava in the anteroposterior plane. The gonadal vein was located anterior or anterolateral side of the psoas and always crossed the ureter. Most of the inferior mesenteric vein showed similar location to the opposite site of the vena cava in the anterolateral side of the psoas muscle, medial to the left ureter without crossing. The left ascending lumbar vein was similarly located to the left vena cava but dilated in a short segment. It is required to trace the vessel upward and downward and observe its continuity for correct differentiation. If it is impossible, some differential points suggested in the results of our study will be helpful for distinguishing them.
Gonads ; Mesenteric Veins ; Psoas Muscles ; Ureter ; Veins* ; Vena Cava, Inferior

No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

We present a case of angiographically-confirmed transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis, image with MR, in a 20 year old male with a history of otitis media and maxillary sinusitis. T1-weighted image demonstrated an isosignal intensity mass with tubular-shaped low signal intensity in right transverse and sigmoid sinus. The thrombus had high signal intensity on T2-weighted image. The signal intensity of the thrombus on Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted image was unusually high similar to that of transverse sinus. Although dural sinus thrombosis has a non-specific MR signal intensity, findings of MRI in this case may serve as an aid in future evaluation of venous thrombosis.
Colon, Sigmoid ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; Otitis Media ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial* ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis

Antibiotics were reported to be able to alter bacterial surface properties in subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). The effects of sub-MICs of certain antibiotics on a bacterial surface property such as hemagglutination, as well as on the cell morphology were studied using Streptococcus gordonii and Staphylococcus aureus. The effect of sub-M1Cs of antibiotics on the binding of these bacteria to immobilized fibrinogen were also investigated. The MICs of antibiotics were determined by culturing S. gordonii and S. aureus in media supplemented with serially diluted drug solutions, and one-half the MIC was used as the sub-MIC of the drugs, unless stated otherwise. Sub-MICs of antibiotics did not affect bacterial agglutination of erythrocytes. Microscopic observation of S. gordonii grown at sub-MIC concentration of 0.02 ug/ml of amoxicillin revealed cell enlargement of 1.6 times those grown without the drug. When grown in the sub-MIC amount of 0.08 ug/ml of cefazolin, most S. gordonii cells were enlarged and elongated into rod-shape, resulting in 3 times the size of the cells grown without the antibiotic. The data from the fibrinogen-binding experiments showed that the binding of S. gordonii to immobilized fibrinogen was increased with all the B-lactam drugs tested; the binding of S. aureus to immobilized fibrinogen, on the other hand, was decreased with the same drugs. The results show that low concentrations of certain B-lactam antibiotics are able to cause alterations in cellular morphology of S. gordonii and affect the binding of S. gordonii and S. aureus to immobilized fibrinogen.
Agglutination ; Amoxicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Bacteria ; Cefazolin ; Cell Enlargement ; Erythrocytes ; Fibrinogen ; Hand ; Hemagglutination ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus* ; Streptococcus gordonii* ; Streptococcus* ; Surface Properties*

The association of colonic atresia in patients with Down syndrome is a rare anomaly. The incidence of congenital atresia of the gastrointestinal tract has been estimated to be about one in 1500 births. Colonic atresia is rarer still, and is throut to comprise about 5% to 10% of this group. This intestinal atresia occurs in about 30% to 50% of patient with Down syndrome. We experienced a case of Down syndrome associated with colonic atresia in a 1 day old male. His initial chief complaints at the admission were severe abdominal distension and Down appearance. Diagnosis was confirmed by chromosomal study and operative laparotomy with end-to-end ileodescending colostomy. We report the case with brief review of related literatures.
Colon* ; Colostomy ; Diagnosis ; Down Syndrome* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestinal Atresia ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Parturition

No abstract available.
Calcinosis*

No abstract available.
Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Nevus*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy is a major cardiovascular risk factor for sudden death, acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. The left ventricle is generally thought to adapt to sustained arterial hypertension with increased total peripheral resistance by developing concentric hypertrophy. In recent years, the echocardiogrphy has been developed as a noninvasive method for evaluation of left ventricular geometry and left ventricular mass. However, left ventricular adaptation to hypertension has been shown to be more complex than expected. In fact, many patients with mild to moderate hypertension exhibit normal left ventricular mass and wall thickness, other hypertensive patients have eccentric ventricular hypertrophy that is not related to systolic dysfunction, but rather to increased cardiac output and preload and in some hypertensive patients absolute and relative wall thickness is increased with normal ventricular mass(concentric remodeling). There are differences in the hemodynamics, systolic function and diastolic function in each group. METHODS: From september 1992 to August 1994, in 144 patients with untreated essential hypertension and 50 age and gender matched normal adults studied by two-dimensional, M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. In the present study we used echocardiographically derived left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness to assess the patterns of ventricular geometric adaptation to systemic hypertension and their relations to systemic hemodynamics, left ventricular load and contractile performance. RESULTS: Hypertensive group was 144 cases(M:F=68:76), the mean age 56+/-13years. Normotensive group was 50 cases(M:F=22:28), the mean age 52+/-9years. Among hypertensive patients, left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were normal in 42 cases(29%), 24 cases(17%) had increased relative wall thickness with normal ventricular mass(concentric remodelin),48 cases(33%) had both increased relative wall thickness and ventricular mass(concentric hypertrophy), 30 cases(21%) had increased left ventricular mass with normal relative wall thickness(eccentric hypertrophy). Concentric hypertrophy and normal left ventricle group are more common in untreated hypertensive patients in Korea. Systemic hemodynamics showed tendency to paralleled ventricular geomety. In groups with concentric remodeling and hypertrophy, perpheral resistance was increased. Cardiac index was midly increased in eccentric hypertrophy. Diastolic dysfunction was prominent tn concentric hypertrophy. CONCLUSION: Each patterns of left ventricular geometry had different systemic hemodynamics, ventricular pressure overload and ventricular volume overload. Therefore, appropriate selection of antihypertensive agent for the patients with each patterns of hypertrophy reduce the left ventricular hypertrophy and may improve the prognosis.
Adult ; Cardiac Output ; Death, Sudden ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Heart Failure ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Korea ; Myocardial Infarction ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Resistance ; Ventricular Pressure

After aseptic or septic meningitis, some neurologic complications such as convulsions, delirium, rigidity, cerebral infarctions and cerebral hemorrhage can be developed. The cerebral infarction after meningitis is caused by arterial or venous occlusions. Involvement of small perforating arteries leads to ganglionic infarcts while severe sapsm of major vessels may lead to massive infarctions in the distribution of middle and/or anterior cerebral arteries. Cortical venous and/or dural thrombosis (especially in the superior sagittal sinus) produces typical features, including multiple areas of white matter hemorrhagic infarction. These neurologic complications are common in bacterial meningitis and very rare in aseptic meningitis. We experienced a case of cerebral infarction in MCA/ACA territory and subdural hemorrhage in occipital lobe after aseptic meningitis in 10 month-old-boy. We report a case with a brief review of related literature.
Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Arteries ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Delirium ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Infarction ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Occipital Lobe ; Seizures ; Thrombosis