Lichen planus is a common, usually intensely pruritic papulosquamous dermatosis with unknown etiology, which may involve the skin, mucous membranes, hair follicles, and nails. Its lesions are usually a localized form but generalized ones are an unusual presentation of lichen planus. We report herein three cases of generalized lichen planus in one male and two female patients, which was diagnosed on clinical and histopathological examinations in all cases.
Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Lichen Planus* ; Lichens* ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

No abstract available.
Estradiol* ; Female ; Humans ; Plasma* ; Progesterone*

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the most useful diagnostic tool in biliary and pancreatic disease. However, ERCP cannot be performed successfully in all patients. Cannulation failure is the most common cause of failure of ERCP. Mechanical pathologies, such as peri-Vater diverticulum, cancer of the papilla of Vater, and impacted stone were the common causes of cannulation failure. We experienced two cases of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater in whom cholangiography and insertion of the nasobiliary tube were performed througth an artificial choledoehoduodenal fistula made by a needle type diathermy knife, beacuse cannulation to the duct was failed due to the tumor.
Catheterization ; Cholangiography* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Diathermy ; Diverticulum ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Needles ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pathology

To date several agents have been used to achieve hemostasis in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers using endoscopic sclerotherapy techniques. In this study, the efficacy of endoscopic local injections of hypertonie saline-epinephrine(HS-E) solution, consisting of 9 volume of 3% sodium chloride and 1 volume of 1: 1000 epinephrine, on the base of the ulcer around bleeding vessel was assessed. During the period between April 1989 and July l992, 127 patients were admitted to the study. Ninety-six of these patients underwent endoscopic treatmeat(endoscopic treatment group), while the other 31 cases received conservative treatment only(conservative treatment group). (continue...)
Epinephrine* ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Sclerotherapy ; Sodium Chloride ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an eye-tracking system, in terms of the amount of decentration. Comparison was made between two LASIK groups operated with and without the use of eye-tracking system. METHODS: An eye-tracking system was used in 41 eyes(Group 1) and patient fixation alone without an eye-tracking system in 41 eyes(Group 2). Corneal topography(Humphrey ATLAS(TM) Corneal Topography System; Zeiss Humphrey Systems, Dublin, California, U.S.A.) was performed before surgery and 3 months postoperatively. The amount of ablation decentration was measured on the difference map obtained from the axial map. RESULTS: The mean +/-SD of decentration was 0.38 +/-0.23 mm in group 1, and 0.49 +/-0.24 mm in group 2(p=0.047). The amount of decentration was graded as follows: grade I(<0.5 mm); Grade II(0.5~1.0 mm); Grade III(>1.0 mm). Grade I, there was a significantly less decentration in group 1(p=0.037). For grade II, however, there was no significant difference between the two groups(p=0.766). CONCLUSIONS: Using eye-tracking system alone may not be effective in decreasing moderate decentration. Good fixation of the patients seemed to be as effective as an eye tracking system in achieving good ablation centration.
California ; Corneal Topography ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ*

PURPOSE: To compare the changes in macular thickeness between non-diabetic group and a mild or moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group after phacoemulsification. METHODS: This study consisted of 32 eyes of 22 patients who underwent phacoemulsification. The non-diabetic group included 20 eyes of 15 patients; the diabetic group (mild or moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy) included 12 eyes of 7 patients. Macular thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and corrected visual acuity were measured before surgery and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: In the non-diabetic group, the macular thickness increased by 2.8+/-4.2% at 1 week, 5.9+/-4.5% at 1 month, 4.8+/-3.8% at 2 months, 0.6+/-0.8% at 6 months, and -0.3+/-1.2% at 12 months after surgery, while it increased by 4.8+/-5.0% at 1 week, 11.1+/-5.2% at one month, 9.9+/-6.0% at two months, 8.1+/-4.6% at 6 months, 3.9+/-3.5% at 12 months in the diabetic group. The increased amount of macular thickness was significantly higher in the diabetic group than in the non-diabetic group at 1 month, 2 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Visual acuity was not significantly different between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups. In the non-diabetic group, 2 months after the operation, LogMAR below 0.02 (Snellen 0.95) were remained with best corrected visual acuity. Similarly to non-diabetic patients, diabetic patients needed 12 months to reach best corrected visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Macular thickness increased in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups after phacoemulsification, and the increased amount of macular thickness was significantly greater and lasted longer in the diabetic group compared with the non-diabetic group. In cases of mild or moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, macular thickness change due to cataract surgery did not influence visual acuity.
Cataract ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Eye ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the cause of dark arcuate striae observed in infrared photographs in idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and macular hole patients after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. METHODS: Forty patients (41 eyes) of idiopathic ERM and macular hole who underwent trans pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling and gas tamponade were included in the present study. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded at preoperative and postoperative 6 months. Infrared (IR) photography with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were obtained at preoperative and postoperative 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. When abnormal findings were visible on IR photographs, additional SD-OCT was performed at the corresponding sites. RESULTS: Of 40 patients, 4 patients demonstrated dark striae extending from the optic nerve to near macular area in IR photographs at 1 week postoperatively. SD-OCT images of the dark striae region revealed the swelling of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). At postoperative 6 months, however, RNFL swelling previously observed subsided in all 4 cases, while temporal retinal thinning and dimples were observed in 3 cases. The preoperative and postoperative BCVA did not show any statistical difference between the patients with the RNFL swelling and the patients without the swelling. CONCLUSIONS: Swelling of RNFL may occur in idiopathic ERM and macular hole patients after pars plana vitrectomy and ILM peeling, which may present as dark striae in IR photographs.
Epiretinal Membrane ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Nerve Fibers* ; Optic Nerve ; Photography ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

This paper is presented to report the results of urinary quantitative culture and drug sensitivity tests for isolated micro-organisms in this study. Studies were done on 172 cases from the department of Urology, Eul Ji General Hospital during the period from Jan. 1979 up to Dec. 1980. 1. Quantitative urine culture in 172 cases were performed and of these, 89 cases grew micro-organism wile the remaining 83 cases showed no growth. Among the 89 cases, 67 cases (75.2%) revealed significant bacteriuria with colony count over 10 5/ml in urine while 22 cases (24. 8%) were below 105/ml. Radio of Male: Female is 29: 38 2. 55 cases (82.1%) among the 67 cases with significant bacteriuria could the bacteria be identified on a smear and Gram stain. 54 cases (80.6%) of the 67 significant bacteriuria casts revealed pyuria of more than 5/HPF while 13 cases (19.4%) were below 5/HPF 3. 60 cases(89. 6%) of the 67 cases significant bacteriuria has Gram (-) bacilli while 7 cases(10.4 %) were Gram (+) cocci by direct smear. The frequency of isolated organism were as following E. coli 33 cases (49. 3%). Pseudomonas 11 cases(16.4%) Enterobactor 6 cases(9.0%) Proteus and stapbylo. Aureus 4 cases(5.8%) respectively. 4. On the whole, all isolated micro-organisms showed considerable susceptibility to panimycin (82. 7%) and then frequency of susceptible drug were and then the frequency of susceptible drug were Cefamezine, Kedacillin, Gentamicin.
Bacteria ; Bacteriuria ; Cefazolin ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Lymphography* ; Male ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Pyuria ; Urology

PURPOSE: We evaluated the predictability and efficacy of LASIK using 1 mm spot scanning laser (LaserScan LSX(R)). METHODS: LASIK was performed on 135 eyes of 73 patients from December, 1999 to February, 2001. The range of refractive error was from .11.5 D to .2.0 D (mean+/-SD : .5.88 D+/-1.79 D) and age was from 20 to 42 years (mean age: 27.8 years). They were divided into two groups according to their manifest refractive error(spherical equivalent): Group I (< -6.0 D, 73 eyes) and Group II (> of = -6.0 D, 62 eyes). And according to their astigmatism: Group A (< or = 0.75 D, 51 eyes), Group B (> or = 1.0 D, 48 eyes). RESULTS: Mean uncorrected visual acuity of 1 year after LASIK improved from 0.06 before operation to 1.0 in Group I and from 0.04 to 0.9 in Group II. Uncorrected visual acuity of 0.8 or better was achieved in 90% of eyes in Group I and 74% in Group II. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -4.6 D in Group I and -7.4 D in Group II. Mean spherical equivalent of 1 year after LASIK was -0.1 D in Group I and -0.37 D in Group II. The postoperative refractions within +/-0.5 D of emmetropia were 97% in Group I and 85% in Group II. Mean preoperative astigmatism was 0.56 D in Group A and 1.68 D in Group B. Mean postoperative astigmatism was 0.15 D in Group A and 0.17 D in Group B. Postoperative refraction showed slight regression of 0.16 D in Group I and 0.45 D in Group II throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that LASIK using spot scanning laser (LaserScan LSX(R)) appears to be a safe and relatively accurate procedure to correct moderate to high myopia and astigmatism.
Astigmatism ; Emmetropia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Myopia* ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the cell proliferation activity of neoplasm is useful in making a diagnosis and prognosis. Immunohistochemical staining using MIB1 monoclonal antibodies has recently been demonstrated to assess tumor cell proliferation activity easily, because it can be performed on paraffin-embedded specimens and is available in a retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study to investigate (a) the use of Ki-67 antibodies in distinguising between benign melanocytic nevus and malignant melanoma, and (b) the correlation between the Ki-67 labelling index(positive number per 100cells) and histological parameters such as the Breslow index, Clarks level, mitotic rate(mitoses per 100cells) in malignant melanoma. METHOD: A total of 37 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded melanocytic skin lesions(benign melanocytic nevus 21; malignant melanoma 16) were stained with MIB1 using the one hour method. The values of the Ki-67 labelling index were measured in all the lesions. For each case of malignant melanoma, the Breslow index, Clarks level and mitotic rate were quantitatively evaluated. RESULT: The Ki-67 labelling index averaged 2.6 +1.4 in benign melanocytic nevus and 22.4+ 6.2 in malignant melanoma. In malignant melanoma, the values of the Ki-67 labelling index were significantly correlated with Breslow index(r=0.764), Clark's level(r=0.885) and mitotic rate(r=0.754). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that Ki-67 may be a useful tool in distinguising between benign melanocytic nevus and malignant melanoma. According as Ki-67 labelling index correlates with well-established prognostic parameters(Breslow index, Clark's level, mitotic rate), it may therefore carry additional prognostic value for patients with malignant melanoma.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Proliferation ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen* ; Melanoma ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin*