Objective To explore the levels of neuron-specific enolase(NSE)in serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of children with convulsion,and its significance to the diagnosis of neuronal damage was evaluated.Methods Sixty patients were enrolled,and they were divided into 4 groups:non-nervous system disease group,peripheral nervous system disease group,brief convulsion group,and prolonged/status convulsion group.The levels of NSE in serum and CSF were detected in 4 groups,and the electroencephalography(EEG) and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(CT/MRI) examinations were taken to observe the changes in patients with convulsion.Results The levels of NSE in serum and CSF of children with convulsion increased significant,especially in the prolonged/status convulsion group.Changes of NSE levels in serum and CSF were similar.Meanwhile,significant changes were found in EEG between the brief convulsion group and prolonged/status convulsion group;but no significantly changes were found in CT/MRI between the 2 groups.Conclusions NSE detection might be valuable to the diagnosis for neuronal damage in early time.The changes of NSE levels are similar to those in EEG,which are more sensitive than the changes in CT/MRI.It is very important to combine the NSE detection in serum or CSF and EEG examination in early time after convulsion for judgement to the neuronal damage and prognosis.

Human mammaglobin (hMAM) is a recently discovered breast tissue specific protein with a high sensitivity and specificity. The expression of hMAM in breast cancer and its relationship with breast cancer indicate that hMAM is a novel breast specific marker that can induce cytotoxic actions from immune system and therefore may have great potentials in breast cancer treatment.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Societies, Medical ; United States

The aim of this study was to prepare chitosan film and to study its hemostatic properties. Chitosan film was prepared by casting the mixed solution of dialysed chitosan and gelatin after crosslinking with glutaraldehyde in a freeze dryer. Bleeding times were measured for bilateral back incisions (5 incisions on each side) in 4 New Zealand white rabbits. Using a randomized, blinded experimental design, one incision in each animal was treated with chitosan film, the other was treated with gauze. After bleeding stopped ,hemoglobin amount in films or gauzes was measured to determine the hemostatic effect. The results showed that the chitosan film adhered well to incisions. Bleeding times and hemoglobin amounts in chitosan film group were superior to those in gauze group( P

·AIM: To study the effect of an intravitreal injection of angiostatin on vascular leakage in the retina and iris of oxygen-induced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).·METHODS: Brown Norway rats at postnatal day 7 (P7) were exposed to hyperoxia (750mL/L O2 )for 5 days (P7-12) and then returned to normoxia to induce retinopathy. Angiostatin was reconstituted in sterile Phosphate Buffered Saline(PBS) and diluted to desired different concentrations. Angiostatin solution was injected into the vitreous of the right eye of the ROP rats at P14 and the age-matched normal rats through pars plana using a glass capillary, and the left eye received the same volume of sterile PBS as the control. Vascular permeability was quantified at 1, 2 and 3 days after the injection by measuring albumin leakage from blood vessels into the retina and iris using the Evans blue method and normalized by total protein concentrations. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retina was evaluated using the Western Blot analysis and immuno-histochemistry 24 hours following the injection.·RESULTS: ROP rats showed significant increases of vascular permeability in the retina and iris (P<0.01). Angio-statin reduces vascular permeability in a dose-dependent manner in the retina of ROP rats. The reduction showed a time course trend. [Angiostatin injection reduced retinal vascular permeability by approximately 1.5 and 2-fold at P15 (P<0.05) and P16 (P<0.01), respectively.] Angiostatin injection significantly reduced VEGF levels in the retina of ROP rats but did not affect retinal VEGF levels in normal rats.·CONCLUSION: Angiostatin significantly decreases pa-thological vascular permeability in the retina and iris of ROP rats but not in normal rats. Angiostatin down-regulates VEGF expression in retina of ROP rats. These results suggest that angiostatin may have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of ROP and other diseases with vascular leakage.

Objective Based on the model of exercise induced central fatigue,we attempt to testify that the whole power output in time-counted sporting events was regulated by the central nervous system(CNS).Methods Eighteen national level rowers participated in the experiment.Each participant completed two successive 6 minutes maximal rowing exercise with an interval of 15 minutes.The power output(PO),heart rate(HR),blood lactate(BL),RPE and EMG were measured.Results It was demonstrated that the pacing strategies adopted by the rowers in the 2 successive 6-minute rowing tests were remarkably similar,and the rowers'PO and iEMG activities in the two tests were highly correlated,especially in the last minute of exercise.Conclusion It is concluded that the hypothesis of pacing strategy is controlled by CNS.

Objective To guide the fluid resuscitation in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock by monitoring the central venous oxygen saturation(ScvO2),and to improve the rescue success rate and prognosis of patients with sepsis.Methods Based on the standard of ScvO2 of 6h,45 patients with severe sepsis and septic shock were divided into two groups:observation group(n=28) and control group(n=17).The ScvO2,mean arterial pressure(MAP) and central venous pressure(CVP) levels were measured in the two groups after fluid resuscitation,and then the mortality,MAP compliance rate and CVP compliance rate were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with mortality in the control group(52.94%),the mortality in the observation group(14.29%) was significantly lower,the difference was significant (x2=5.927,P=0.015),but after 6h's fluid resuscitation,the MAP and CVP standard number in the two groups did not exist significant difference(x2=1.182,P>0.05).Conclusion ScvO2 with or without reaching the standard level(more than 65%) was positively correlated with the severity of the disease after fluid resuscitation in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.Therefore,the monitoring of ScvO2 plays an important role in guiding the treatment of fluid resuscitation and judging the prognosis.

Objective To summarize the experiences of diagnosis and treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Methods The clinical data of 16 patients with DFSP were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients with DFSP underwent extensive tumor resection (3～5cm margin from the tumors).Free full-thickness skin flap transplantations was performed on 6 cases , three cases received skin flap shifting operations, and 1 patient with abdominal wall deficiency was repaired by artificial mesh . Results All the 16 patients presented as painless cutaneous nodules which enlarged slowly, but the majority of the tumors grew quickly in recent shorter time. Ten cases were primary tumors, and six were recurrence. The time of recurrence after surgery ranged from 3 months to 10.5 years with 1～3 times recurrence. There was no operative complications. Eleven patients were followed-up for 1～11 years and all survived,only one patient developed tumor local recurrence seven years after surgery. Conclusions A slowly enlarged painless cutaneous or subcutaneous nodules quickly growing in recent time is the clinical characteristic feature of DFSP. Extensive tumor resection is the treatment of primary DFSP.

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach ( HAS) belongs to one of the rare cases in gastric cancer types ,which has extremely high malignant degree and poor prognosis .Lymph node metastasis and liver me-tastasis are common in HAS.In this article,we reported alpha-fetoprotein-high-producing hepatoid adenocar-cinoma of the stomach(HAS),and reviewed the related literature at home and abroad in order to improve clinical physicians understanding of these diseases and treatment experience .

Objective To explore the effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by estradiol induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells.Methods The experiments were divided into 4 groups:E2 group (Ishikawa cells treated with 1 p mol/L estradiol for 30 minutes); inhibitor group:including Ishikawa cells treated with 10 μmol/L Bibf1 120 (Bibf1 120 group),or treated with 2.5 μmol/L Ponatinib (Ponatinib group),or treated with 10 p mol/L U0126 (U0126 group) for 60 minutes; inhibitor + E2 group:including Ishikawa cells treated with 10 μmol/L Bibf1120 (Bibf1120 + E2 group),or treated with 2.5 μmol/L Ponatinib (Ponatinib + E2 group),or treated with 10 μmol/L U0126 (U0126+ E2 group) for 60 minutes following incubation with 1 μmol/L estradiol for 30 minutes; control group:only adding the culture medium without serum DMEM.(1) Western blot analysis was used to detect phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(p-ERK 1/2) protein expression with stimulation in different concentrations of estradiol (0.01,0.1,1,10,100 μmol/L).(2) Quantitative fluorescent reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR and western blot analysis was used to test the level of mRNA and protein of VEGF,bFGF,MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2),extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2),p-ERK1/2 and phosphorylation MEK1/2 (p-MEK1/2).Flow cytometry were used to examine the cell cycle,and transwell chamber assay were used to detect the cell migration in different groups.Results The expression of the p-ERK1/2 protein at 0.01,0.1,1,10,100 μ mol/L were 0.16±0.03,0.10±0.03,0.41 ±0.04,0.19±0.03,0.19±0.03,there were significantly higher than that in control group(0.05±0.00,P＜0.05),and which was more obvious at the concentration of 1 μmol/L estradiol.The expression level of VEGF,bFGF mRNA and protein in E2 group were higher than those in the control group (P＜O.05).VEGF mRNA and protein in Bibf1120+E2 group were higher than those in E2 group.The expression of MEK1/2,ERK1/2 mRNA protein in E2 group were higher than those in control group (P＜0.05).The expression of MEK1/2,ERK1/2 mRNA or p-MEK1/2,p-ERK1/2 protein in Bibf1120 + E2 group,Ponatinib+E2 group or U0126+E2 group were lower than those in E2 group(all P＜0.05).Percentage of G1 phase [(53.6±3.2)％] and S phase[(29.2±4.2)％] in E2 group was significantly different with those in control group respectively(P＜0.05).Percentage of G1 phase[(66.8±2.6)％,(63.1±2.6)％ and (63.3±0.4)％] and S phase [(25.4±1.9)％,(25.0±3.8)％ and(23.8±0.5)％] in U0126+E2 group,Bibf1120+E2 group or Ponatinib +E2 group was also significantly different with those in control group (all P＜0.05); percentage of G1 phase and S phase in U0126+E2 group was significant difference with those in Bibf1120+E2 group or ponatinib+E2 group (P＜0.05).The number of cell colony in E2 group (110± 17) was more than those in control group (65±8) ;the number of cell colony in U0126+E2 group(28±4),Bibf1120+E2 group(38±5) or Ponatinib+E2group(42±6) were significant different with those in E2 group (P＜0.05),the number of cell colony in U0126+E2 group was significant difference with those in Bibf1 120+E2 group or Ponatinib+E2 group (all P＜0.05).The results shown that the abilities of proliferation and cell migration were significantly increased in cells after estradiol stimulation.Conclusion Estradiol inducing the production of VEGF and bFGF could activate MAPK pathway through ER-independent manner,further promote development.