We expierienced five cases of bilateral inferior vena cava for recent one year. We evaluated the CT findings of the cases and of dilated veins located in the left retroperitoneum (seven left gonadal, seven inferior mesenteric, and two left ascending lumber veins)in the viewpoints of the size, location and relation with the surrounding structures. Bilateral inferior vena cava (IVC) may be asymmetric and the left IYC may be smaller than other retroperitoneal veins with a round contour. The left lYC was located anterior to the spinal body and corresponded with contralateral vena cava in the anteroposterior plane. The gonadal vein was located anterior or anterolateral side of the psoas and always crossed the ureter. Most of the inferior mesenteric vein showed similar location to the opposite site of the vena cava in the anterolateral side of the psoas muscle, medial to the left ureter without crossing. The left ascending lumbar vein was similarly located to the left vena cava but dilated in a short segment. It is required to trace the vessel upward and downward and observe its continuity for correct differentiation. If it is impossible, some differential points suggested in the results of our study will be helpful for distinguishing them.
Gonads ; Mesenteric Veins ; Psoas Muscles ; Ureter ; Veins* ; Vena Cava, Inferior

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the fit of denture bases processed by injection pressing technic using laser scanner of reverse engineering technic. The auther duplicated 20 maxillary edentulous models and 20 mandibular edentulous models, which were scanned on HYSCAN 45C 3D SCANNER(Hymarc Co., Canada). The scanned data was stored in the personal computer using SURFACER (Imageware Co., U.S.A.) software program. After 40 dentures were cured by PERform Inkovac system. SR-Ivocap system, Palajet system, and Sulfon system, they were stored in water at room temperature for 24 hours. The dentures were scanned on HYSCAN 45C 3D SCANNER(Hymarc Co. Canada). The scanned data were stored in the personal computer using SURFACER (Imageware Co., U.S.A) software program. By overlapping two images using the same program, the fit between two surfaces was scaled by positive and negative errors. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In the upper denture, most of the positive errors occurred on the lingual side of anterior alveolar ridge and the negative errors were on the flange of denture bases. 2. In the lower denture, most of the positive errors occurred on the inner side of lingual flange and the negative errors were on the border of anterior labial flange areas. 3. There were no statistical differences among the positive errors of the four types of inject-ion denture curing methods and also no statistical differences between negative errors except only in negative maximum errors. 4. In PRERform system and SR-Ivocap system, they have the tendency of inaccurate fit lower denture bases comparing to that of upper denture bases. 5. The negative error scales were greater than the positive error scales in all types of inject-ion denture curing methods.
Alveolar Process ; Denture Bases* ; Dentures* ; Microcomputers ; Water ; Weights and Measures

We present a case of angiographically-confirmed transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis, image with MR, in a 20 year old male with a history of otitis media and maxillary sinusitis. T1-weighted image demonstrated an isosignal intensity mass with tubular-shaped low signal intensity in right transverse and sigmoid sinus. The thrombus had high signal intensity on T2-weighted image. The signal intensity of the thrombus on Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted image was unusually high similar to that of transverse sinus. Although dural sinus thrombosis has a non-specific MR signal intensity, findings of MRI in this case may serve as an aid in future evaluation of venous thrombosis.
Colon, Sigmoid ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; Otitis Media ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial* ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis

Mazabraud syndrome (MS) is a rare and sporadic disorder. It is mainly characterized by fibrous dysplasia (FD) of single or multiple bones and intramuscular myxomas (IM). Data on the prevalence since it was first reported, clinical features, and prognosis are extremely scarce. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with IM and polyostotic FD. She also had multiple cafe’-au-lait spots suggestive of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS). On magnetic resonance imaging, there are masses with well-defined heterogeneous enhancement, accompanied by an inner cyst in the vastus lateralis muscle and femur. These radiological results are identical to those of FD. After surgical intervention with excision of intramuscular soft-tissue mass, a diagnosis of IM of MS was confirmed. Given that cafe’-au-lait spots also appeared, the patient was diagnosed with a variant of MS with some of the clinical characteristics of MAS.

The classification of the bone pieces excavated from Gasan-ri archaeological site Ⅰ in Jinju, presumed to be relics was investigated macroscopically. The remains of the animal bone were 3 classes (Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia), 5 orders (Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Passeriformes, Rodentia, Salientia), and 6 species (Sus scrofa, Cervidae sp., Nyctereutes procyonides, Passeriformes sp., Rattus norvegicus caraco, Rana nigromaculata). The total weight of the animal bone remains was 1,002.80 g, with the identified bones comprising 975.30 g and an identification rate of 97.26%. A total of 447 animal bone fragments were identified, including 204 bone pieces of S. scrofa (468.00 g, 47.99%), 102 bone pieces of Cervidae sp. (453.79 g, 46.53%), 68 bone pieces of R. nigromaculata (4.69 g, 0.48%), 59 bone pieces of N. procyonides (47.14 g, 4.83%), 9 bone pieces of Passeriformes sp. (0.98g, 0.10%), and 5 bone pieces of Rattus norvegicus caraco (0.70 g, 0.07%). The bone pieces of the animal relics consisted of 81 skull (18.12%), 161 axial skeleton (36.02%), 64 forelimb (14.32%), and 141 hindlimb (31.54%) fragments. The archaeological significance of the animal bones excavated in this investigation was that wild boars and deer were presumed to have been mainly used animals in the Gasan-ri area of Jinju during the Three Kingdoms period.

PURPOSE: To assess the significance of alteration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) axis as seen on magnetic resonance imaging of anterior cruciate ligament tear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ACL angle (angle between lateral tibial plateau and ACL) and ACL-Blumensaat line angle (angle between ACL and Blumensaat line) were measured in 76 patients with ACL tear and 55 patients with normal ACL. The significance of the change in orientation of the ACL was evaluated. RESULTS: ACL angle was significantly smaller in the tear group (35.07 degrees +/- 10.34 degrees, mean+/-standard deviation) than in the normal group(54.11degrees+/-4.61degrees)(p<0.001); when cutoff value was less than 45 , sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 85.5%, 98.2% and 90.8%, respectively. The ACL-Blumensaat line angle was significantly greater in the tear group (20.33degree+/-9.56degree) than in the normal group (2.55degree+/-4.86degree)(p<0.001). when cutoff value was more than 10degree, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 90.8%, 94.5%, and 92.4%, repectively. CONCLUSION: The change in orientation of the ACL was an important associated finding in cases of ACL tear. We suggest that cutoff values should be an ACL angle of less than 45 , and an ACL-Blumensaat line angle of more than10degree .
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity

A retrospective analysis of CT and MR findings was performed in five patients with histologically proved chordoma including one with chondroid chordoma. All tumors were mostly isodense to gray matter on unenhanced CT, and the single intensities were iso or low and high on T1 and T2-wgighted MR iages, respectively. The tumors had an increase in their density on enhanced CT and MR in four patients, but a chondroid chordoma was poorly enhanced after injection of contrast medicum on CT. Four tumors contained calcifications in CT images and two lesions showed hemorrhage in MR images. Cavernous sinus was involved in all patients, and brain stem and basilar artery were compressed by the tumors in three cases. Pituitary gland was only displaced upward in three patients. Clivus was destroyed in all cases, and sella turcica and sphenoid bone were involved in three patients. CT is better than MR in demonstrating calcifications and bone destruction. In defining the extension of tumor, MR appears to be superior to CT in evaluation of the relationship between the tumor and the surrounding structures.
Basilar Artery ; Brain Stem ; Cavernous Sinus ; Chordoma* ; Cranial Fossa, Posterior ; Gray Matter ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pituitary Gland ; Retrospective Studies ; Sella Turcica ; Sphenoid Bone

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Motor Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT) to predict driving outcome in subject with brain damage. METHOD: Fifteen brain damaged subjects were administered for this study. Fourteen subjects had brain damage due to stroke and only one subject had traumatic brain injury. All subjects were evaluated with MMSE and MVPT. We used total score for each tests. Subjects were also evaluated in driving simulator that measured their operational responses to filmed driving situation. Correlation between neuropsy chological tests score and driving simulator score were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) By average score, MMSE score was 26.6 and MVPT score was 23.7. Driving simulator score was average 30.1. 2) There was good correlation between MVPT score and driving simulator score (r=0.675, p<0.01). 3) There were no correlation between MMSE and driving simulator score nor between MMSE and MVPT score. CONCLUSION: MVPT can be used as screening test for identifying person who are not ready to drive after getting brain damage
Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Stroke ; Visual Perception

PURPOSE: Although advances in technology have reduced the risk of ceramic implant fractures in total hip arthroplasty, these injuries do occur and their treatment remains challenging. There is a lack of studies reporting on the effectiveness of ceramic components in revision hip arthroplasty after ceramic bearing fracture. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and radiologic outcomes of revision surgery with ceramic-on-ceramic components after ceramic bearing fractures in young (i.e., under 60 years old) and active patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients who, from May 2004 to November 2011, underwent ceramic-on-ceramic revision surgery following a ceramic component fracture and had more than 6 years follow up were enrolled in this study. All eight patients were male with mean ages at first and revision surgeries of 39 years (range, 31–50 years) and 43.8 years (range, 33–60 years), respectively. There were 6 and 2 cases of ceramic liner and ceramic head fractures, respectively. The average time from the first operation to revision surgery was 54.3 months (range, 9–120 months), and the average follow up period was 9.7 years (range, 6–13.3 years). RESULTS: At the last follow up, all patients showed improvement in Harris hip score and pain relief and there were no cases of loosening or osteolysis. CONCLUSION: Revision total hip arthroplasty using ceramic-on-ceramic components after ceramic component fracture is a feasible and appropriate surgical option in young and active patients.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Ceramics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Osteolysis

Sebaceous neoplasms are rare adnexal tumors that can present a challenge to clinicians. Only four cases of sebaceous carcinoma with sebaceoma have been reported in the literature. Herein, we describe the case of a sebaceous carcinoma originating from a sebaceoma in a solitary nodule of the posterior neck. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for epithelial membrane antigen and p53. It is possible that adnexal carcinomas may arise from malignant transformation of their benign counterparts as well as de novo. Malignant transformation was likely in this case because the lesion was composed of distinct benign and malignant components, and the benign component showed the typical histopathological features of sebaceoma. This case underscores the fact that partial and superficial biopsies sometimes may not provide the correct diagnosis. If a surgeon suspects malignancy based on a clinical examination, then it is mandatory to perform a deep biopsy.