Since January 1986, we have performed 25 dismembered pyeloplasties on 20 children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The posterior lumbotomy approach was used in 11 cases and their intraoperative course and postoperative status were compared to those who had operation through the standard flank incision. The surgical steps are described and the limitations of this approach are discussed.
Child ; Humans

A study on the penile and testicular sizes was made on 1,071 Korean children. The penile length was obtained by assessing stretched length from the tip of the glans to the base of the penis at its attachment to the symphisis pubis. The testicular relative volume was obtained by use of the testicular length, and following results were obtained. l. In newborn, the mean and standard deviation of the stretched penile length were 3.3cm and O.5 cm. 2. The penile length has increased slowly till 4 years old and, following the steady phase, it increased rapidly from the puberty. At the age of l4, it reached 8.8cm. 3. The testicular growth begun with the onset of the puberty. Its relative volume of 14 years of age was 13.7 times as much as that of newborn.
Adolescent ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Penis ; Puberty ; Testis

No abstract available.
Myasthenia Gravis* ; Thymectomy*

No abstract available.
Occupations

During the last 6.5 years 49 patients with inter sex were managed at the Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital. The median age was 8.8 years (from 2 months to 37 years). The patients consist of 15 female pseudohermaphroditism (adrenogenital syndrome), 4 true hermaphroditism, 21 male pseudohermaphroditism, 3 mixed gonadal dysgenesis, 3 Turner`s syndrome and 3 miscellaneous inter sex including Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome. Though early diagnosis and treatment are most important, only 10 patients (20%) were diagnosed before 2.5 years of age.
46, XX Disorders of Sex Development ; 46, XY Disorders of Sex Development ; Disorders of Sex Development* ; Early Diagnosis ; Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed ; Humans ; Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development ; Prader-Willi Syndrome ; Seoul ; Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome ; Urology

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis characterized by gross hematuria and bladder irritation symptoms of sudden onset occurs in children as a self-limited disease that must be differentiated from serious renal or bladder disorders. In our study, it occurred frequently in male and spontaneously subsided approximately 10 days later. Ultrasonography or IVP is thought necessary as an initial diagnostic work up. Reviewing the diagnostic steps and course of our own cases, we have reached a conclusion : ultrasonography or excretory urography is thought to be performed as a follow up study rather than as an initial study. If there is no improvement of symptoms during conservative treatment period, radiological study is valid. If bladder malignancy is suspected on the radiological study, we better do follow up ultrasonography or voiding cystourethrogram 2 weeks later and not do cystoscopy and biopsy immediately.
Biopsy ; Child ; Cystitis* ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography

PURPOSE: We have evaluated changes of body composition for patients that underwent a radical gastrectomy for stomach cancer by the use of available bioelectrical impedance analysis during the first year following surgery. We plan to utilize these findings in nutritional and physiological studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated clinical changes in body composition in patients using the bioelectrical impedance method (Inbody 4.0, Biospace, Korea), between November 2003 to November 2004. A total of 98 patients agreed to enroll in this study among all of the patients that underwent a radical gastrectomy. RESULTS: The average weight decreased by 6.7%, and 9.4%, within the first and 6 months after surgery, respectively (P<0.01). The fat free mass (FFM) dropped by 4.9% within the first month and there were no more changes after this period (P<0.01). The fat mass (FM) and visceral fat area (VFA) decreased 24.3% and 14.1% within the first 6 months (P<0.01), respectively. The reduction effects for female patients were greater than for male patients for weight, FFM and VFA (P<0.05). The edema index was higher in patients with stage III-IV disease than in patients with stage I-II disease (P<0.05). There were significant differences for Billroth I and BillrothI II patients as compared to patients that underwent an esophagojejunostomy for a reduction of the FM, as measured in the in the 12th month after surgery (27.6%, 22.1%, and 41.2%, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Since nutritional supplementation and an improvement in body weight loss after a radical gastrectomy is significantly related with quality of life, nutritional and physiological studies should be greatly considered. In this study, bioelectrical impedance analysis was very useful in analyzing the diminution of body composition and we hope this study on the nutritional and physiological aspects related to a radical gastrectomy will be useful for later studies.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Body Composition* ; Body Weight ; Edema ; Electric Impedance* ; Female ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastroenterostomy ; Hope ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Stomach Neoplasms

Background: We aimed to investigate the annual incidence of trauma and stress-related mental disorder including acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using the National Health Insurance Service Database. In addition, we estimated direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD in Korea. Methods: To examine the incidence, we selected patients who had at least one medical claim containing a 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems code for ASD (F43.0) and PTSD (F43.1) and had not been diagnosed in the previous 360 days, from 2010 to 2017. We estimated annual incidence and the number of newly diagnosed patients of ASD and PTSD. Annual prevalence and direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD were also estimated. Results: The number of newly diagnosed cases of ASD and PTSD from 2011 to 2017 totaled 38,298 and 21,402, respectively. The mean annual incidence of ASD ranged from 8.4 to 13.7 per 100,000 population and that of PTSD ranged from 4.2 to 8.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The incidence of ASD was found more in females and was highest among the 70–79 years of age group and the self-employed individuals group. The incidence of PTSD was also more common in the female group. However, the incidence of PTSD was highest in the 60–69 years of age group and in the medical aid beneficiaries group. The annual estimated medical cost per person of ASD ranged from 104 to 149 US dollars (USD). In addition, that of PTSD ranged from 310 to 426 USD. Conclusion From 2011 to 2017, the annual incidence and direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD in Korea were increased. Proper information on ASD and PTSD will not only allows us to accumulate more knowledge about these disorders themselves but also lead to more appropriate therapeutic interventions by improving the ability to cope with these trauma related psychiatric sequelae.

Background: We aimed to investigate the annual incidence of trauma and stress-related mental disorder including acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using the National Health Insurance Service Database. In addition, we estimated direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD in Korea. Methods: To examine the incidence, we selected patients who had at least one medical claim containing a 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems code for ASD (F43.0) and PTSD (F43.1) and had not been diagnosed in the previous 360 days, from 2010 to 2017. We estimated annual incidence and the number of newly diagnosed patients of ASD and PTSD. Annual prevalence and direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD were also estimated. Results: The number of newly diagnosed cases of ASD and PTSD from 2011 to 2017 totaled 38,298 and 21,402, respectively. The mean annual incidence of ASD ranged from 8.4 to 13.7 per 100,000 population and that of PTSD ranged from 4.2 to 8.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The incidence of ASD was found more in females and was highest among the 70–79 years of age group and the self-employed individuals group. The incidence of PTSD was also more common in the female group. However, the incidence of PTSD was highest in the 60–69 years of age group and in the medical aid beneficiaries group. The annual estimated medical cost per person of ASD ranged from 104 to 149 US dollars (USD). In addition, that of PTSD ranged from 310 to 426 USD. Conclusion From 2011 to 2017, the annual incidence and direct medical cost of ASD and PTSD in Korea were increased. Proper information on ASD and PTSD will not only allows us to accumulate more knowledge about these disorders themselves but also lead to more appropriate therapeutic interventions by improving the ability to cope with these trauma related psychiatric sequelae.

CD10, a marker of immature B lymphocytes, is expressed in the developing epithelium of mammary glands, hair follicles, and renal tubules of human fetuses. To assess mesenchymal and stromal expression of CD10, we performed immunohistochemical assays in whole body sections from eight fetuses of gestational ages 15-20 weeks. In addition to expression in urinary tract and intestinal epithelium, CD10 was strongly expressed at both gestational ages in fibrous tissues surrounding the airways from the larynx to lung alveoli, in the periosteum and ossification center, and in the glans of external genitalia. CD10 was not expressed, however, in other cavernous tissues. These findings suggest that mesenchymal, in addition to epithelial cells at specific sites, are likely to express CD10. The glomeruli, alveoli, and glans are all end products of budding or outgrowth processes in the epithelium or skin. However, in contrast to the CD34 marker of stromal stem cells, CD10 was not expressed in vascular progenitor cells and in differentiated vascular endothelium. The alternating pattern of CD10 and CD34 expression suggests that these factors play different roles in cellular differentiation and proliferation of the kidneys, airway and external genitalia.
Endothelium, Vascular ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Fetus* ; Genitalia ; Gestational Age ; Hair Follicle ; Humans* ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Kidney ; Larynx ; Lung ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mesoderm ; Periosteum ; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid ; Skin ; Stem Cells ; Urinary Tract