PURPOSE: We evaluated the frequency of detection of small hepatic cystic lesion(SHC) on abdominal CT films and its significance in patients with extrahepatic malignancies. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively reviewed the abdominal CT films of a total 1112 patients to determine the frequency of detection of SHC, and 62 patients who had both extrahepatic malignancies and SHC were selected. A total 106 SHC determined as benign or malignant in 40 patients was analyzed according to the size(< 1 cm, 1 2cm), the number(1, 2 4, >4), the margin(well-defined, iil-defined),and the location(central, peripheral) of individual cystic lesions. The findings of follow-up CT and ultrasonography and the results of biopsy were also reviewed. The frequency of combined renal cyst was also considered. RESULT: SHC of those 62 patients were classified as benign(27 patients, 43.6%), malignant(13 patients, 20. 9%), or undetermined(22 patients, 35.5%) by the follow-up CT, ultrasonography, and biopsy. Most benign SHC (74.4%) measured under 1 cm, but 75% of the malignant SHC were in 1 -2cm in size. The percentage of the malignancy in one and two to four SHC was 37.5% and 40%, respectively. The margin of SHC was ill-defined in 67.9% of the benign and 64.3% of the malignant lesions. SHCs were mainly located at the periphery of the liver(benign :62.7%, malignant: 64.3%). Coexisting renal cyst was rare. CONCLUSION: SHC is not uncommon finding(13.2%) in patients with extrahepatic malignancy and has a high probablity of metastasis when it is larger than 1 cm, which should be closely followed and intensively studied further.
Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Cleidocranial Dysplasia* ; Leukemia*

No abstract available.
Angina, Unstable*

PURPOSE: The staging of bladder carcinoma is a major determinant of operative management. CT of bladder carcinoma has been widely used to diagnose external extension (pT3b and over), but tumors confined to the bladder wall (from pT1 to pT3a) are poorly delineated. The authors describe CT findings of the superficial bladder carcinoma (below T1, stage A) in thin section CT with air insufflation technique (air insufflation-CT) to facilitate early detection and to aid correct staging of the superficial bladder carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The materials consisted of proved 24 cases (1'9 patients, single tumor: 16 patients, multiple tumors :3 patients) of stage A bladder carcinomas. Air insufflation-CT was performed by the infusion of approximately 200 mL of air into the bladder via a Foley catheter. After the routine pelvic CT, bladder tumors were re-scanned with 1.5 to 5 mm thickness and intervals. RESULTS: The superficial bladder carcinomas were detected as nodular(5 cases, 20.8%), papillary(15 cases, 62.5%), pyramidal(2 cases, 8.3%), and domed(2 cases, 8.3%) forms on air insufflation CT. These tumors were classified into three types according to the size of the tumoral neck:type I(pedundulated polypold tumor:4 cases, 16.6%), type II(polypid tumor with short neck :13 cases, 54.2%), and type Ill(sessile tumor :7 cases, 29. 2%). The mean size(tumoral width x height x base o, neck/stalk) of the tumors was 22 x 20 x 16mm. The average tumoral sizes according to each type of the superficial tumors were type 1:22 x 25 x 6mm, type 11:23 x 22 x 18mm, and type III :18 x 15 x 18mm. The mean width of the type I--II tumoral necks was 15mm. The mean length of the type I tumoral neck(pedicle) was 2.5mm. Papillary fronds of the tumors were seen in 10 cases(41.7%) of 24 superficial tumors. Outer margin of the involved bladder wall was smooth in all cases. CONCLUSION: Thin-sectin CT with air insufflation technique for bladder carcinoma was useful in tumoral demonstration, and characteristics of the superficial bladder carcinomas were small polypold tumors had a short neck mostly and smooth outer wall of the involved bladder wall.
Catheters ; Humans ; Insufflation* ; Neck ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of simultaneous phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy, the removal of posterior intraocular foreign body(IOFB), and primary intraocular lens implantation(IOL). METHODS: Simultaneous phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy, the removal of posterior IOFB, and primary IOL implantation were performed in 10 eyes of 10 patients with ocular perforation and traumatic cataract due to posterior IOFB. The results showed no retinal detachment and endophthalmitis based on retrospective analysis. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 45months(mean 19.6 months). In 8 eyes(80%), the final visual acuity was better than 0.9 but in remaining 2 eyes, it was less than 0.5 due to postoperative retinal detachment. There were enlargement of posterior capsule rupture and vitreous prolapse into anterior chamber in 2 cases, and lens dislocation into the vitreous cavity in 1 case during phacoemulsification. IOL was implanted into the bag in 4 eyes and into the ciliary sulcus without scleral fixation in remaining 6 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy, the removal of IOFB, and primary IOL implantation is a relatively safe operation. It provides rapid rehabilitation of the visual acuity and helps to save time and money in selected patients without the large posterior capsule rupture, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis and injury of macula and center of cornea due to IOFB.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Cornea ; Endophthalmitis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lens Subluxation ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification* ; Prolapse ; Rehabilitation ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

In a series of rabbits, two craniectomies were made in both side of the parietal hone. Each lesion was filled with gelfoam, lyocura, fat and dural film. Five rabbits were left empty as a control group. The animals were killed in one month after the operation. The degree of adhesion between the soft tissue of the scalp and various dural substitute was evaluated at the time of operative dissection and studied histopathologically. The results were as follows. 1) The insertion of dural substituted substances can prevent the adhesion between the scalp and dura mater. 2) The dural film was most effective in prevention of adhesion. 3) The dural film inserted group exhibited inflammatory reaction. 4) The gelfoam, lyodura and fat inserted groups were though to have had a moderate prevention effect of adhesion. With these results, we could conclude that the insertion of material between the dura and scalp can prevent adhesion. However the ideal inserted material which can pevent inflammatory reaction and adhesion has not been determined. At this point we have not found and ideal substitute. To get an ideal material for prevention of adhesion, further intensive study is required.
Animals ; Dura Mater ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Rabbits ; Rabeprazole ; Scalp

The authors report a case of false aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery which manifested after operation for FCCD. An aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery is a rare disease. In collected literature, the incidence of superficial temporal artery aneurysms ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 percent of all aneurysms for which surgery was performed. False aneurysm should be suspected when a mass, which may or may not be pulsatile, appears in the scalp region after recent trauma. Troublesome(but not life-threatening) bleeding may occur if the lesion is unrecognized, and an attempt is made to "shell it out" as though it were an epidermal inclusion cyst.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, False* ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Rare Diseases ; Scalp ; Temporal Arteries*

We present two patients with clinical features suggestive of a hyperkinetic form of encephalitis lethargica described by von Economo. While undergoing treatment for viral meningoencephalitis, they both developed comatose mentality, oromandibular dyskinesia, chorea, myoclonic jerk, oculogyric crisis, opistotonus, respiratory failure, and autonomic dysfunction. One patient died of autonomic failure while the other improved several months later. In both patients, cerebrospinal fluid exmamination revealed only pleocytosis. A brain MRI and EEG showed no specific findings. In order to control severe hyperkinetism and autonomic failure, medical treatments including L-dopa, clonazepam, and steroid pulse therapy were administereed in both cases while electroconvulsive therapy was tried in one of the cases. However, they all failed. These cases and previous reports informed us of the presence of sporadic form of encephalis.
Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Chorea ; Clonazepam ; Coma ; Dyskinesias ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Electroencephalography ; Encephalitis* ; Encephalitis, Viral ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Levodopa ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningoencephalitis ; Myoclonus ; Respiratory Insufficiency

OBJECTIVES: We conduct this study to investigate the common features between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and epileptic patients compared to normal control. METHODS: Epileptic patients were recruited from the department of pediatic in Jesus Hospital. ADHD patients were recruited from the department of neuropsychiatry in Jesus Hospital. We excluded mental retardation or brain organic pathology. We use ADHD Diagnostic System and Korean-Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) to assess features of ADHD. Electroencephalogram(EEG) of ADHD, epileptic patients and normal control were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Compared to normal control group, inattention, reaction time deviation were increased in both ADHD and epilepsy group. EEG abnormalities(control 13.8%, epilepsy 97.1%, ADHD 40%) in three groups were reported. CONCLUSION: There are common features of ADHD and epileptic patients.
Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Neuropsychiatry ; Reaction Time

Histiocytosis is a relatively rare disorder of the reticuloendothelial system involving the proliferation of histicoytes, granulation tissue, and inflammatory cells in many different organ systems1). Thus, the three manifestations of the same basic pathologic process:Eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, and Letterer-Siwe disease have been classified as localized, chronic disseminated and acute disseminated histiocytosis-X. They were therefore included under the term histiocytosis-X and this concept has been generally accepted. The authors have experienced one case of histiocytosis-X, a rare disease. A 11 month-old femal patient presented with gradually enlarged palpable mass on the occipital area. The occipital skull was defected in a punched out fashion. The mass was completely removed. The pathologic findings revealed Histiocytosis-X and the patient was given chemotherapy.
Drug Therapy ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Granulation Tissue ; Granuloma ; Histiocytosis ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell* ; Humans ; Infant ; Mononuclear Phagocyte System ; Rare Diseases ; Scalp* ; Skull