PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the implant master cast according to the type (pick-up, transfer) and the length (long, short) of the impression copings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The metal master cast was fabricated with three internal connection type implant analogs (Osstem GS III analog), embedded parallel and with 10degrees of mesial angulation to the center analog. Four types of impression coping were prepared with different combinations of types (transfer, pick-up) and lengths (long, short) of the coping. The impressions were made using vinyl polysiloxane (one step, heavy + light body) with an individual tray, and 10 impressions were made for each group. Eventually, 40 experimental casts were produced. Then, the difference in the distance between the master cast and the experimental cast were measured, and the error rate was determined. The analysis of variance was performed using the SPSS (v 12.0) program (alpha = .05), and the statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: The ANOVA showed that the pick-up type impression coping exhibited a significantly lower error rate than the transfer type. However, no significant difference was observed with respect to the length of the impression coping. Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the parallel and mesial angulated groups. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the pick-up type impression coping exhibited a more accurate implant master cast than the transfer type in parallel group. The accuracy of the implant master cast did not differ for different lengths of impression coping of at least 11 mm. Additionally, the accuracy of the implant cast was not different for the parallel and 10degrees mesial angulated groups.
Light ; Polyvinyls ; Siloxanes

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of subtalar joint ankle brace used with shoes on static postural sway and limb load asymmetry (LLA) in elderly. METHOD: 620 healthy adults volunteered. These subjects were administered with the balance test on three different conditions, with bare foot, with shoes only and with aircast and shoes. All subjects were divided into two groups; younger (<65 years) and older (> or =65 years) group and tested for LLA and postural sway with a balance tester. RESULTS: In both younger and older group, wearing shoes only and wearing ankle brace with shoes reduced the LLA and postural sway significantly compared to bare foot condition (p<0.05). In older group, there was also significant LLA and postural sway reduction in wearing ankle brace with shoes compared to wearing shoes only (p<0.05). The differences of LLA between bare foot and ankle brace with shoes in older group was more prominent than in younger group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Wearing a subtalar joint ankle brace with shoes improved right-left static postural balance as compared with wearing shoes alone in elderly.
Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Ankle ; Braces ; Extremities ; Foot ; Humans ; Postural Balance ; Shoes ; Subtalar Joint

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the surgical trends of primary total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) and revision procedure in Korea from 2007 to 2017 using national population-based data. Methods: We reviewed the National Health Insurance data of Korea from 2007 to 2017. The data included diagnosis codes, procedure codes, prescriptions, medical costs, and other demographic data. Trends of primary diagnosis for primary TAA were evaluated. Annual trends and incidences per 100,000 person-years of primary TAA and revision procedures as well as compound annual growth rate (CAGR) during the study period were analysed. Surgical trends according to patients' age, hospital grades, and insurance systems were also evaluated. Results: Primary diagnosis for primary TAA was mostly degenerative arthritis (6,501 cases; 90.5%). From 2007 to 2017, the total number of cases of primary TAA and revision procedures was 7,183 and 585, respectively. The number of cases in 2007 of primary TAA was 313; there were no cases of revision. The number of cases in 2017 of primary TAA were 986 and of revision were 108. The CAGR during this period was 28.6% for primary TAA and 44.6% for revision procedures. Incidences per 100,000 person-years in 2017 were 1.91 for primary TAA and 0.21 for revision procedures. The average cost paid by patients themselves was USD 813 (19%) and by the National Health Insurance Service was USD 3,480 (81%). Conclusion The incidence of primary TAA and revision procedures steadily increases in Korea during the 11-year study period.

No abstract available.
Germ Cells* ; Klinefelter Syndrome* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal*

Inverted papilloma is an uncommon benign nasal tumor which usually occurs on the lateral nasal wall. An inverted papilloma originating from the medial nasal cavity, especially the nasal septum, is considered very rare. A 47-year-old male was referred with a 1-month history of snoring. On endoscopic examination, a nasal mass was observed in the left posterior septum. The mass filled the left nasal cavity and extended choanae and nasopharynx. The histopathologic examination of the nasal mass showed inverted papilloma, which was completely removed by endoscopic surgery. Herein, the authors report a case of inverted papilloma originating from the posterior nasal septum as well as a review of literature.
Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Septum ; Nasopharynx ; Papilloma, Inverted ; Snoring

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry (OLCR) corneal thickness measurements compared with the Orbscan system and ultrasound pachymeter (IOPac, Mentor). METHODS: Two examiners measured corneal thicknesses of 78 normal eyes and in 36 eyes that had undergone LASIK, and five sequential measurements of corneal thickness with OLCR, Orbscan system, Mentor, and IOPac were performed. Remeasurements of corneal thickness in 24 normal eyes were performed after two days to investigate intra-examiner reproducibility. RESULTS: The average corneal thickness measured in normal subjects was 536.3+/-23.8 micrometer in OLCR, 542.4+/-25.3 micrometer in the Orbscan system, 535.4+/-23.7 micrometer in Mentor, and 534.2+/-24.1 micrometer in IOPac. The average corneal thickness measured in patients who had undergone LASIK was 487.3+/-30.8 micrometer in OLCR, 492.5+/-36.5 micrometer in the Orbscan system, 487.5+/-30.8 micrometer in Mentor, and 485.3+/-30.8 micrometer in IOPac. There was no statistically significant difference between the four pachymeters. The inter-examiner and intra-examiner reproducibilities were shown to be highly reliable. CONCLUSIONS: The OLCR showed similar measurments of corneal thickness with the Orbscan system and ultrasound pachymeter, and showed no difference in reproducibility with different examiners.
Corneal Pachymetry* ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Mentors ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal circulation using pump-oxygenator is an inevitable process to keep vital sign during cardiac arrest for open heart surgery. However, the diversion of blood through nonendothelialized channels appears to stimulate inflammatory response, and leukocyte activation may lead to cardiopulmonary edema. Our study evaluated the effect of leukocyte-induced cardiopulmonary edema using three different pump-oxygenator priming solutions; non-hemic crystalloid solution ; leukocyte-depleted homologous blood; non leukocyte-depleted homologous blood in priming solutions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Each different priming solution was used on five dogs, and the effect of leukocyte-induced cardiopulmonary edema during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) was evaluated. For each dog after 2 hours of exracorporeal circulation and another 4 hours of post-pump period, the dog was sacrificed and its heart and lung tissues were obtained for measuring Wet/Dry ratio. Arterial O2 partial pressure(PaO2) and CO2 partial pressure(PaCO2) were checked. For the evaluation of ventilatory function, CO2 partial pressure difference between arterial blood (PaCO2) and exhaled air(EtCO2) was measured. RESULT: 1. No significant difference was seen in arterial PaO2 and PaCO2 among groups. 2. Ventilatory function evaluated by PaCO2 and EtCO2 showed no significant difference between non-hemic and blood-mixed priming solution (P<0.05). 3. Cardiac and lung Wet/Dry ratios were remarkedly lower in the leukocyte- depleted group. There was no significant difference between the non-hemic and blood-mixed groups. CONCLUSION: Based upon this result, we concluded that the leukocyte depletion from homologous blood of CPB priming solution has a beneficial effect in reducing cardiopulmonary edema compared with non leukocyte-depleted or crystalloid priming solutions.
Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Dogs ; Edema* ; Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Leukocytes* ; Lung ; Partial Pressure ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vital Signs

OBJECTIVE: To determine if physical factors (age, sex, weight, foot length) affected anteroposterior and intersidal weight- bearing pattern on footplate in standing posture and duration of stance phase at walking. METHOD: Participants were 578 healthy adults (250 men, 328 women). All participants were tested by Gaitview? (Alfoots, Seoul, Korea) which measure anteroposterior, intersidal weight-bearing pattern on foot plate and duration of stance phase at walking. Measurements were analyzed to find any relations among physical factors (age, sex, weight, foot length), anteorposterior, intersidal weight-bearing pattern and stance phase. RESULTS: The age, weight, foot length had no specific relations to anteroposterior weight-bearing pattern (r<0.2, p<0.05). Men had greater weight-bearing pattern on forefoot than women (p<0.01). The higher the age, the more midstance and the more delayed stance phase was noted (r>0.4, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between sex and anteroposteior weight-bearing pattern. And there was a positive relation between age and stance, midstance phase.
Adult ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Male ; Posture ; Ursidae ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between hypoalbuminemia and 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. METHODS: A prospective observational study, including consecutive patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, was performed from July 2008 to June 2011. Patient demographic data, comorbidities, blood test results (including albumin concentration), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores were compared between 28-day survivors and non-survivors. Patients were divided into normal albumin (> or =3.3 mg/dl) and hypoalbuminemia (<3.3 mg/dl) groups. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of 28-day mortality. Analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to compare the prognostic performance of albumin concentrations versus APACHE II scores. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 493 patients were included and 140(28.4%) died. The albumin concentrations of non-survivors were significantly lower than those of survivors (3.3+/-0.6 mg/dl vs. 2.8+/-0.6 mg/dl, respectively) and the hypoalbuminemia group had a higher mortality rate than the normal albumin group (41.2% vs. 10.3%, respectively, p<0.01). In Cox analysis, hypoalbuminemia was associated with a 3.8-fold increased risk of death during the 28-day follow-up period (hazard ratio, 3.83; 95% CI, 2.22-6.59). The AUC of albumin concentration was 0.73(95% CI, 0.69-0.78), which was comparable with that of APACHE II score (0.77; 95% CI, 0.73-0.81). CONCLUSION: Hypoalbuminemia is an independent predictor of 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.
APACHE ; Area Under Curve ; Comorbidity ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia* ; Mortality ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Sepsis* ; Shock, Septic* ; Survivors

PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between hypoalbuminemia and 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. METHODS: A prospective observational study, including consecutive patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, was performed from July 2008 to June 2011. Patient demographic data, comorbidities, blood test results (including albumin concentration), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores were compared between 28-day survivors and non-survivors. Patients were divided into normal albumin (> or =3.3 mg/dl) and hypoalbuminemia (<3.3 mg/dl) groups. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of 28-day mortality. Analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to compare the prognostic performance of albumin concentrations versus APACHE II scores. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 493 patients were included and 140(28.4%) died. The albumin concentrations of non-survivors were significantly lower than those of survivors (3.3+/-0.6 mg/dl vs. 2.8+/-0.6 mg/dl, respectively) and the hypoalbuminemia group had a higher mortality rate than the normal albumin group (41.2% vs. 10.3%, respectively, p<0.01). In Cox analysis, hypoalbuminemia was associated with a 3.8-fold increased risk of death during the 28-day follow-up period (hazard ratio, 3.83; 95% CI, 2.22-6.59). The AUC of albumin concentration was 0.73(95% CI, 0.69-0.78), which was comparable with that of APACHE II score (0.77; 95% CI, 0.73-0.81). CONCLUSION: Hypoalbuminemia is an independent predictor of 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.
APACHE ; Area Under Curve ; Comorbidity ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia* ; Mortality ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Sepsis* ; Shock, Septic* ; Survivors