Objective To detect the atherosclerotic progression in low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene knock-out mouse by ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) technique,and to monitor the intima media thickness (IMT) and changes in plague of aortic wall.Methods 10 male LDL-R gene knock-out mice of 16 weeks age and 10 LDL-R gene knock-out mice of 24 weeks age were in the experimental group,and 10 male C57BL/6 mice of 16 and 24 weeks age were in the control group.The shapes of their aortic roots,ascending aorta,aortic arch and CCA were detected by UBM,and the IMT at aortic root view and carotid artery bifurcation were measured,then the data were compared with histopathology of the corresponding vascular segments.Results The difference between the IMT of aortic root and carotid artery bifurcation of the 16 week old LDL-R mice and the control group of the same age had no statistical significance.The difference between the IMT of carotid artery bifurcation of the 24-week-old LDL R mice and the control group of the same age had no statistical significance.The IMT of aortic root thickened compared with control group of the same age(P ＜0.01).Conclusions The UBM technique can be used to detect the atherosclerotic progression in LDL-R gene knock-out mouse.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the combined detection of Golgi protein 73 (GP73),alpha-fetoprotein variant-L3 (AFP-L3)and transforming growth factorβ1(TGFβ1)in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Meth-ods 48 cases of healthy control,42 cases of hepatitis B,50 cases of posthepatitic cirrhosis and 58 cases of HCC were selected and detected GP73,AFP-L3 and TGFβ1.The detection results were compared among 4 groups.Results (1)The levels of GP73,AFP-L3 and TGFβ1 had statistical differences among 4 groups(P <0.05 );(2 )The positive rate of the 3-marker combined detection reached 96.55%,which was higher than that of the 2-marker combined detection and the single marker detection.Conclusion (1) GP73,AFP-L3 and TGFβ1 may be used as the serum indicators for the early diagnosis of HCC;(2)Compared with the traditional HCC marker AFP,AFP-L3 has relatively high sensitivity and specificity and has the important role in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases of the liver,which is considered as a better serum marker in the HCC diagnosis;(3)The 3-indicator combined detection can significantly improve the positive detection rate of HCC and has better application value.

Effects of aconitine on the retina and optic nerve were studied in rabbits by means of visual evoked potential(VEP), electroretinogram(ERG), and electron microscopy. Aconitine(0.4mg/kg) was administered intra peritoneally. The effects of aconitine were observed at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 3 months after injection, respectively. The amplitude of VEP was decreased significantly at 1 and 2 weeks after injection. However ERG b-wave, c-wave, and the latency of VEP were not significantly changed during the experimental periods. Histopathological changes in the optic nerve and visual streak were characterized by disorganization of the lamellar structures of the myelin sheath, diffuse mitochondrial swelling, and vacuolization in the myelinated nerve fibers, which were increased in degree with time. No perceptible change in the retina including retinal pigment epithelium was observed in the experimental periods. Schwann cells and unmyelinated nerve fibers appeared unaffected, except for mild swelling of mitochondria. Above mentioned electrophysiological and electron microscopic studies indicated that the effect of aconitine on the rabbit eye was toxic myelo-optic neuropathy.
Aconitine* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondrial Swelling ; Myelin Sheath ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Diseases* ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Schwann Cells

PURPOSE: Neonatal screening for inherited metabolic disease is aimed at identifying affected infants early, thus permitting medical intervention to prevent or minimize the effect of the disease. However, organic aciduria, most of which causes severe disease and mental retardation, is not yet screened routinely because of the difficulty of tests, sample collection, and expenditure of time and financial resources. This study was designed to develop a screening method for the detection of multiple organic aciduria and neuroblastoma, using dried urine filter paper. METHODS: The standard markers used for screening of organic aciduria were placed on the filter paper and analysed with the modified organic acid analysis method. The extraction efficiency and stability of standard markers were tested for the purpose of adequacy as screening markers, and the method described herein was evaluated by analyzing filter paper samples obtained from both normal newborns and patients with known organic aciduria. RESULTS: The standard markers in the filter paper left in the room temperature over a period of 5 days were still stable without significant degradation. The level of specific organic acids obtained from known organic aciduria patients were easily detectable-enough to make the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The filter papers soaked with urines obtained from newborns or patients with suspicious metabolic diseases are adequate for screening of organic acidurias and neuroblastoma. Sample delivery to the laboratory can be handled more easily with this method and even newborn screening could be applied in the future.
Diagnosis ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intellectual Disability ; Mass Screening* ; Metabolic Diseases ; Neonatal Screening ; Neuroblastoma

On supine position the patient fixed at a point on the celling with the intact eye. Under the fluoroscope the tip of lacrimal probe was brought on the sclera, where the foreign body cast its shadow. Two exposures were taken at right angle. one frontally and the other laterally. The location of the foreign body was calculated with reference to the lacrimal probe. If a fluoroscope was not availabe, a lacrimal probe was brought to the estimated point on the sclera and two exposures were taken as above. If there was an error more than 3 mm between the indicator and the foreign body, the second localization was almost indispensable for the successful surgery. Bone free technique of Vogt was applied for very small foreign body in the anterior vitreous cavity. This accurate and convenient technique may be applied in every clinics for preparing the foreign body extraction, because it requires no special apparatus other than a standard X-ray machine and a lacrimal probe.
Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Sclera ; Supine Position

The epidermal nevus syndrome is a disorder characterized by epidermal nevi and associated neurologic, skeletal, and other abnormalities. A 15-year-old female patient presented with extensive, bilateral systematized, verrucous plaques, involving the face, trunk, both extremities, and anogenital area. The onset of the lesions were at the age of 2 months. Abdominal CT showed the absence of the left kidney, teratoma of the right ovary and left ovarian cyst. This is a case of epidermal nevus syndrome, which was composed of extensive epidermal nevi, congenital solitary kidney, left ovarian cyst and right ovarian teratoma.
Adolescent ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nevus* ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ovary ; Teratoma ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urogenital Abnormalities*

A 2-month-old Korean boy presented with a solitary papule on the cheek which was noted at birth. Histopathologic findings were consistent with angiofibroma of fibrous papule of the face (FPF). FPF is known to affect adults, and congenital occurrence has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. We report a case of congenital FPF which showed a facial papule clinically and an angiofibroma histologically.
Adult ; Angiofibroma ; Cheek ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parturition

PURPOSE: We evaluated the frequency of detection of small hepatic cystic lesion(SHC) on abdominal CT films and its significance in patients with extrahepatic malignancies. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively reviewed the abdominal CT films of a total 1112 patients to determine the frequency of detection of SHC, and 62 patients who had both extrahepatic malignancies and SHC were selected. A total 106 SHC determined as benign or malignant in 40 patients was analyzed according to the size(< 1 cm, 1 2cm), the number(1, 2 4, >4), the margin(well-defined, iil-defined),and the location(central, peripheral) of individual cystic lesions. The findings of follow-up CT and ultrasonography and the results of biopsy were also reviewed. The frequency of combined renal cyst was also considered. RESULT: SHC of those 62 patients were classified as benign(27 patients, 43.6%), malignant(13 patients, 20. 9%), or undetermined(22 patients, 35.5%) by the follow-up CT, ultrasonography, and biopsy. Most benign SHC (74.4%) measured under 1 cm, but 75% of the malignant SHC were in 1 -2cm in size. The percentage of the malignancy in one and two to four SHC was 37.5% and 40%, respectively. The margin of SHC was ill-defined in 67.9% of the benign and 64.3% of the malignant lesions. SHCs were mainly located at the periphery of the liver(benign :62.7%, malignant: 64.3%). Coexisting renal cyst was rare. CONCLUSION: SHC is not uncommon finding(13.2%) in patients with extrahepatic malignancy and has a high probablity of metastasis when it is larger than 1 cm, which should be closely followed and intensively studied further.
Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Conventional MRI may not visualize the structural abnoramlity in large proportion of patients with intractable extratemporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS: Five patients with intractable extratemporal lobe epilepsy underwent resective surgery. Preoperatively, all patients underwent video-EEG monitoring using extracranial electrodes and MRI. Three had PET scans and four had MRS. 3D-reconstruction of the MRI was performed in all patients. Then, subdural grid electrodes were implanted on the suspected lesion in 3D-reconstructed brain; One had bitemporal depth electrodes insertion, and subdural grid electrodes implantation on bilateral frontal lobe. Two had frontal resection and including supplementary sensorimotor area in one. Parietal and parieto-temporal resection was performed in each. One had partial occipital lobe resection. RESULTS: All had complex partial seizures and four of them had lateralizing signs. Standard surface EEG recordings were not reliable in lateralizing or localizing the epileptogenic zone in any of patients. Conventional MRI revealed subtle abnormality in the superior parietal lobule, and atrophic changes in parietal lobe and posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus, in each. Three did not show any structural abnormalities. MRS showed abnormal NAA/Ch: Cr ratio in two; one in the lesion and one in the bilateral hipocampus. PET showed hypometabolism in the extensive area in three with limitation in localizing the epileptogenic zone. All had abnormal gyral and sulcal paterns in 3D-reconstructed brain; two in the frontal lobe, superior parietal lobule, and inferior parietal and posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus, in each, and one in the occipital lobe. Histopathologic findings revealed cortical dysplasia in all. Three were seizure free and two were class I in Engel's classification during follow-up between 4 to 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in the surgical treatment of the extratemporal lobe epilepsy without prominent abnormalities in conventional MRI, 3D-reconstruction of the MRI may be of value in localizing the epileptogenic zone.
Brain ; Classification ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Occipital Lobe ; Parietal Lobe ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Rabeprazole ; Seizures

A clinical observation was made on 175 of the 232 patients with bladder tumor seen in the Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital during the period from January, 1975 to December, 1979. The following results were obtained: 1. During the period, 2,801 patients were hospitalized, there were 232 cases of bladder tumor, giving the ratio of 8.3%. 2. There were 142 males and 34 female with a ratio of 4.2:1. 75.3% of the patients were over 50 years old. 3. The most common symptoms were hematuria (91%), frequency (83%), urinary retention(32%) and painful urination (28%). 4. Twenty-three percent of the patients visited the hospital within 3 months after the occurrence of the initial symptom, 82% within 1 year and 12% after 3 years from the appearance of initial symptom. 5. Among the 175 patients, 108 (61.7%) had multiple tumors, while 67 (38.3%) had single tumor. Regarding to the origin, 126 (72%) were located at the lateral wall, 110(63%) at the trigone area. 6. On IVP, 84 cases (48%) had normal upper tract and 62 cases (35%) had filling defect in the bladder. 7. On pathologic examination, 159 (91%) were transitional cell carcinoma, 9 cases (5%) were squamous cell carcinoma and 5 cases (3%) were adenocarcinoma and 1 cases (1%) was malignant melanoma. 8. Stage A, B, C, D were 48 cases (27%), 67 cases (38%), 28 cases (16%), 32 cases (18%) respectively by cystoscopic finding, bimannual examination, operation finding, pathological finding and clinical finding. 9. TUC was performed in 76 cases and partial cystectomy in 52 cases with low stage tumors and Bricker`s operation with or without total cystectomy in 47 cases with high stage or multiple low stage tumors that could not be performed TUC or partial cystectomy. 10. 3 years after treatment 27 cases (35.5%) were followed up and 18 cases (66.7%) were survived by TUC, 18 cases (34.6%) were followed up and 11 cases (61.1%) were survived by partial cystectomy and 14 cases (29.8%) were followed up and 6 cases (42.(%) were survived by Bricker`s operation: In conclusion, TUC and partial cystectomy are adequate treatment for low stage bladder cancer and give the patients good quality and length of life, revealed same survival rate as other authors by Bricker`s operation for high stage or multiple low stage bladder cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystectomy ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Longevity ; Male ; Melanoma ; Middle Aged ; Seoul ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urination ; Urology