Breast Neoplasms ; complications ; virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; physiopathology ; virology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Nucleosides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Pyridazines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

Abstract:Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a global health problem, which is prevalent all over the world. China is a low epidemic area. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mainly transmitted through blood, and nowadays, intravenous drug addicts are the key population for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C. HCV has multiple genotypes and gene subtypes, and the distribution of these genotypes and gene subtypes varies significantly among the regions of the world. Nowadays, the treatment of hepatitis C has entered the era of direct-acting antiviral agents, which have high efficacy and safety in the general population. However, when special populations use direct-acting antiviral agents to treatment hepatitis C, we don't know how its efficacy and safety will be. The special populations include children, adolescents, drug users, HCV/HBV co-infected patients, HCV/HIV co-infected patients, and patients who have comorbidity of HCV and chronic kidney disease. This review will discuss the efficacy and safety of using direct-acting antiviral agents to treat hepatitis C in these special populations.

Neuropathic pain(NP)is directly caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory system.It can be attributed to a variety of causes and has a complex pathological mechanism.Purinergic P2X receptors play a critical role in NP.P2X receptors will be activated by the extracellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP)to mediate the pain when the tissue is damaged.In vertebrates,there are 7 subtypes of P2X receptors(P2X1-7)encoded by genes,among which the receptors of P2X3,P2X4,and P2X7 are closely related to NP.Acupuncture produces good therapeutic efficacy on NP.To explore the mechanism of purinergic signaling involved in acupuncture analgesia,a review of the actions of P2X3,P2X4,and P2X7 receptors in acupuncture for NP was conducted.The P2X3 receptor is specifically expressed in small-and moderate-sized neurons in the dorsal root ganglion of the primary afferent nerve and trigeminal ganglion.Acupuncture can directly mediate analgesia by down-regulating the expression of P2X3 receptor in neurons.P2X4 and P2X7 receptors mainly exist in the spinal microglia.Acupuncture can inhibit the nociceptive transmission of substantia gelatinosa neurons by regulating P2X4 receptor in spinal microglia.Moreover,acupuncture may alleviate NP by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors by reducing P2X7 receptor in the spinal microglia.

This investigation describes a new precise, sensitive and accurate stereoselective RP-HPLC method for determination of the enantiomers of a novel alpha- and beta-receptor blocking agent, 1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl) phenoxy]-3-[[2-(2- methoxyphenoxy) ethyl]amino]-2-propanol (TJ0711), in rat plasma. GITC was used for precolumn derivatization of TJ0711 enantiomers. Enantiomeric resolution was achieved on a Eurospher-100 C18 column (250 mmx4.6 mm ID, 5-mum particle size), with UV detection at 255 nm, and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (58:42, v/v) containing 0.02% glacial acetic acid (v/v). Using the chromatographic conditions described, TJ0711 enantiomers were well resolved with mean retention time of 10.2 and 11.5 min, respectively. Linear response (r>0.999) was observed over the range of 0.125-12.5 mug/mL of TJ0711 hydrochloride enantiomers. The mean relative standard deviation (RSD%) of the results of within-day precision was [Symbol: see text] 10%. The proposed method was found to be suitable and accurate for the quantitative determination of TJ0711 enantiomers in rat plasma, and it can be used in pharmacokinetic studies.

Cardiomyopathies ; complications ; Diverticulum ; complications ; Hematoma ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the effects of ropivavaine on gamma -aminobutyric acid(GABA)-activated membrane cur-rents in isolated dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons of the rats with ischiadic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) and to discuss the possible analgesia mechanism of ropivacaine .Methods The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record and compare the changes of GABA receptor activation currents of acute isolated DRG neurons after 30 s of ropivacaine preperfusion in the oper-ating side and the operative opposite side of the CCI model rats and the sham-operation group .Results (1)Compared with the oper-ative opposite side ,the sham-operation group and the control group ,the thermal withdrawal latency in the operative side group of the CCI model rats was notablely shortened(P<0 .05);(2)the amplitude of GABA-activated currents with different concentration GABA(0 .1-1 000μmol/L) in the operative opposite side group of the CCI operation was significantly greater than that of the op-erative side group and the sham-opeartion group ;(3)DRG neurons after ropivacaine preperfusion (0 .1-1 000μmol /L) showed va-rying degrees of enhancement effect on the 100 μmol/L GABA-activated currents ,the enhancement amplitude in the CCI operative opposite side group was significantly greater than that in the operative side group and the sham-operation group ;(4)The dose-re-sponse curve of DRG neurons GABA (0 .1-1 000μmol/L) activated current in the operative side group of the CCI rats after ropiva-caine pre-perfusion (100 μmol/L) was shifted to the left ,the difference between two EC50 had no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Ropivacaine has the enhancement effect on GABA activated currents in the DRG neurons of the CCI model rats , which could be one of reasons for ropivacaine producing the anesthetic and analgesic effect .

Objective:To explore th five year survivals and some prognostic factors for bres at cancer patients in the north areas of China,and the indentification or differ e nces on these variables among breast cancer patients between in China and in Can ada.Methods:All Data were collected from the hospital records of 1 002 breast cancer patients who were initially treated at the First Hospital of Jilin Uni versity (116 cases FTH,Changchun China) and the Sain t-Sacrement Hospital (886 cases in SSH,Quebec Canada) respectively by use of Historical Cohort survey,and the survival propotions were calculated and comp ared stradly by use of Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Age at diagnosis was substantially lower (average of age about 10 years less) among breast cancer patients seen at FTH compared to those treated at SSH (P<0.0001).Patients in the two hospitals differed in respect to tumor size at pathology (P=0.036).The proportion of women with lymph node involvement was greater at FTH (61.1%) than that at HSS(37.3%)(P<0.0001).Surgical treat ment of breats cancer was varied considerably:the radical mastectomy was frequen tly performed for andy stage of breast cancer patients in Changchun,but the part ial mastectomy was mainly used for patients with stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ in Quebec.The fi ve year survival was 74.2% among breast cacer patients seen at FTH compared to 7 6.3% among women treated at HSS,and there was no singnificant differrence (P =0.302). Conclusion:Five year survival of breast cancer patients treated surgically in C hangchun,China,was similar to that of patients treated surgically in Quebec,Can ada except for differences in age at diagnosis,tumor size and lymph node involve ment

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Neuromyelitis Optica ; therapy

The piperlongumine is a tertiary amine amide alkaloid, which is mainly found in the roots of the Piper family like long piper (Piper longum L.) and tumor-like piper (Piper tuberculatum Jacq). It has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor and its derivatives also have a variety of activities. In this paper, the research progress on the structural modification and bioactivity of pharmacological effects of the piperlongumine amide is reviewed, which provides a reference for the further study of amides.