PURPOSE: The purpose of study was to examine the relationship between obesity and its associated factors (psychiatric symptom, duration of illness, type of medication, physical activity, dietary habits, depressive symptom, and stress) in patients with chronic mental illness registered to community mental health welfare centers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional correlation study using a convenience sampling. A total of 392 participants were recruited from community mental health welfare centers. The obtained data were analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Atypical antipsychotic medication, duration of illness, dietary habits (overeating, and drinking instant coffee) were significantly contributed variables into body mass index (BMI) obesity. Atypical antipsychotic medication and instant coffee were significantly related to abdominal obesity. CONCLUSION: These results emphasized the needs of tailored obesity-preventive management for the community-dwelling patients with chronic mental illness, topically focusing on the administration of atypical antipsychotic medication, duration of illness, and dietary habits.
Body Mass Index ; Coffee ; Depression ; Diet ; Drinking ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Disorders ; Mental Health ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Statistics as Topic ; Stress, Psychological

We describe a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma arising from the periosteum of the rib. On chest radiographthe mass showed well-defined radiopacity, and there was rib erosion. On CT, there was marked enhancement withirregular ossification and rib erosion, while a 99mTc-MDP scan revealed dense radionuclide uptake.
Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal* ; Periosteum* ; Ribs* ; Sarcoma ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Thorax

Objectives: The prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders of upper extremities mons watch assembly workers in small-scaled industry was studied. Methods: In 83 workers at five watch assembly factories, symptoms and psychosocial questionnaire, ergonomic Interview, physical examination were conducted. Results: Prevalence of self-reported symptoms was 54.2% and neck 34.9%, wrist/hand 31.3%, shoulder 30.1%, elbow/arm 18.0% by anatomical site. Prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders was 45.8%. Most common disease was myofascial pain syndrome (31.3%). The other diseases were De Quervain disease (9.6%), tenosynovitis/tendinitis at wrist/hand (9.6%), bicipital tendinitis(6.0%), fat. epicondylitis(4.8%), meIn. epicondylitis(2.4%), and cervical disc disease(2.4%). As result of ergonomic interview, repetitiveness was 79(98.8%). There were no differences in the prevalence of self-reported symptoms and cumulative trauma disorders for age, sex, marital status, duration of work In the study, The significant factors of cumulative trauma disorders were occupational task and psychosocial stress in the study. The prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders in high strain group was hlgher (68.4%) than other three groups. The prevalence of self-reported symptoms and cumulative trauma disorders in assembly task was higher (70.0%, 64.0%) than other two tasks. Conclusions: Prevalence of self-reported symptoms was 54.2%, prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders was 45.8% in watch assembly workers. In this study, factor related to self-reported symptoms was occupational task and factors relaxed to cumulative trauma disorders were occupational task and psychosocial stress. This results suggest that differences of ergonomics and environment in occupational task cause differences of prevalence of self-reported symptoms and cumulatlve trauma disorders.
Cumulative Trauma Disorders* ; De Quervain Disease ; Human Engineering ; Marital Status ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; Neck ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence* ; Questionnaires ; Shoulder ; Upper Extremity*

In 79 renal cell carcinoma analyzed by flow cytometry, 30 tumors (38%) were aneuploid stem line. 18 (60%) of these were tetraploid aneuploid while 12 (40% ) were nontetraploid aneuploid. Two or more specimens were analyzed from a single primary tumor in 34 patients and heterogeneily of ploidy status was observed in 9 (27%). A significant correlation was noted between the presence of aneuploid stem lines and high stage disease (P less than 0.02) but there was no significant correlation between ploidy status and tumor grade. There was significant survival advantage of patients with diploid tumors compared to those with aneuploid tumors in total population (P less than 0.05 ). But in multivariated analysis, only two factors. capsule invasion and lymph node involvement were independent predictors of survival and no clear survival advantage was demonstrated for patients with diploid tumors when controlled for tumor and node stage. In conclusion, considering the heterogeneity of ploidy status and the lack of independent prognostic value. we do not support widespread clinical application of flow cytometry in the management of individual patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Aneuploidy ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Diploidy ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Ploidies ; Population Characteristics ; Prognosis ; Tetraploidy

Purpose: To compare the refractive measurements from a wavefront aberrometer, autorefractor, and retinoscopy after cycloplegia in evaluating the usefulness and validity of refractive measurements by a wavefront aberrometer in children. Methods: A total of 130 eyes of 65 children, aged from 3 to 16 years, were examined using retinoscopy, a wavefront aberrometer (OPD-Scan III), and an autorefractor (KR-1) after cycloplegia. Refractive measurements were converted to power vectors (M, J0, and J45) and cylindrical absolute values for statistical analysis. The agreement between instruments was assessed and the correlations of measurements were evaluated. Subgroup analysis was performed on two subgroups: one representing less refractive error (|M| < 2 D on cycloplegic retinoscopy) and the other with larger refractive error (|M| ≥ 2 D on cycloplegic retinoscopy). Results: Compared with retinoscopy readings, the aberrometer and autorefractor yielded more myopic values (p = 0.007, p < 0.001). In the less refractive error group, the autorefractor results showed statistically significant differences from retinoscopy readings for M, J0, and J45 and the cylindrical absolute value (all p < 0.05); there were no statistically significant differences between M, J0, and J45 vectors of the aberrometer and those obtained using retinoscopy (p = 0.674, p = 0.699, p = 0.766). With the larger refractive error group, the M vectors of the aberrometer and autorefractor showed more myopic values than the M vector retinoscopy readings; the differences were statistically significant (all p < 0.001). Conclusions The wavefront aberrometer yielded refraction readings closer to those obtained with retinoscopy than the automated refraction in the less refractive error group. With a larger refractive error, statistically significant differences (all p < 0.001) were found among the aberrometer, autorefractor, and retinoscopy readings.

The generation and maintenance of consciousness are fundamental but difficult subjects in the fields of psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, and medicine. However, recent developments in neuro-imaging techniques coupled with network analysis have greatly advanced our understanding of consciousness. The present review focuses on large-scale functional brain networks based on neuro-imaging data to explain the awareness (contents) and wakefulness of consciousness.Despite limitations, neuroimaging data suggests brain maps for important psychological and cognitive processes such as attention, language, self-referential, emotion, motivation, social behavior, and wakefulness. We considered a review of these advancements would provide new insights into research on the neural correlates of consciousness.

Purpose: To compare the refractive measurements from a wavefront aberrometer, autorefractor, and retinoscopy after cycloplegia in evaluating the usefulness and validity of refractive measurements by a wavefront aberrometer in children. Methods: A total of 130 eyes of 65 children, aged from 3 to 16 years, were examined using retinoscopy, a wavefront aberrometer (OPD-Scan III), and an autorefractor (KR-1) after cycloplegia. Refractive measurements were converted to power vectors (M, J0, and J45) and cylindrical absolute values for statistical analysis. The agreement between instruments was assessed and the correlations of measurements were evaluated. Subgroup analysis was performed on two subgroups: one representing less refractive error (|M| < 2 D on cycloplegic retinoscopy) and the other with larger refractive error (|M| ≥ 2 D on cycloplegic retinoscopy). Results: Compared with retinoscopy readings, the aberrometer and autorefractor yielded more myopic values (p = 0.007, p < 0.001). In the less refractive error group, the autorefractor results showed statistically significant differences from retinoscopy readings for M, J0, and J45 and the cylindrical absolute value (all p < 0.05); there were no statistically significant differences between M, J0, and J45 vectors of the aberrometer and those obtained using retinoscopy (p = 0.674, p = 0.699, p = 0.766). With the larger refractive error group, the M vectors of the aberrometer and autorefractor showed more myopic values than the M vector retinoscopy readings; the differences were statistically significant (all p < 0.001). Conclusions The wavefront aberrometer yielded refraction readings closer to those obtained with retinoscopy than the automated refraction in the less refractive error group. With a larger refractive error, statistically significant differences (all p < 0.001) were found among the aberrometer, autorefractor, and retinoscopy readings.

The generation and maintenance of consciousness are fundamental but difficult subjects in the fields of psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, and medicine. However, recent developments in neuro-imaging techniques coupled with network analysis have greatly advanced our understanding of consciousness. The present review focuses on large-scale functional brain networks based on neuro-imaging data to explain the awareness (contents) and wakefulness of consciousness.Despite limitations, neuroimaging data suggests brain maps for important psychological and cognitive processes such as attention, language, self-referential, emotion, motivation, social behavior, and wakefulness. We considered a review of these advancements would provide new insights into research on the neural correlates of consciousness.

The potential of tivozanib as a treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was explored in this study. We investigated the effects of tivozanib on OSCC using the Ca9-22 and CAL27 cell lines. OSCC is a highly prevalent cancer type with a significant risk of lymphatic metastasis and recurrence, which necessitates the development of innovative treatment approaches. Tivozanib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, has shown efficacy in inhibiting neovascularization in various cancer types but has not been thoroughly studied in OSCC. Our comprehensive assessment revealed that tivozanib effectively inhibited OSCC cells. This was accompanied by the suppression of Bcl-2, a reduction in matrix metalloproteinase levels, and the induction of intrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, tivozanib contributed to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition by increasing E-cadherin levels while decreasing N-cadherin levels. These findings highlight the substantial anticancer potential of tivozanib in OSCC and thus its promise as a therapeutic option. Beyond reducing cell viability and inducing apoptosis, the capacity of tivozanib to inhibit EMT and modulate key proteins presents the possibility of a paradigm shift in OSCC treatment.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of snoring frequency in the diagnosis and severity of obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS: Patients who underwent polysomnography with one or more of the following characteristics were included: 1) sleepiness, non-restorative sleep, fatigue, or insomnia symptoms; 2) arousal due to cessation of breathing or the occurrence of gasping or choking when waking up; and 3) habitual snoring, breathing interruptions, or both, noted by a bed partner or other observer. We analyzed the differences in clinical and polysomnographic variables between patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea and investigated the associations of those variables with obstructive sleep apnea severity. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-three patients met the inclusion criteria, and 145 of the 193 patients were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that large neck circumference (p = 0.0054) and high snoring index (p = 0.0119) were independent predictors for obstructive sleep apnea. Moreover, between the obstructive sleep apnea severity groups, there was a strong tendency of difference in body mass index (p = 0.0441) and neck circumference (p = 0.0846). However, there was no significant difference in snoring frequency according to obstructive sleep apnea severity (p = 0.4914). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that snoring frequency is a predictor of obstructive sleep apnea. In addition, we showed for the first time that snoring frequency is not associated with obstructive sleep apnea severity, thus it is not a valuable marker for predicting obstructive sleep apnea severity.
Airway Obstruction ; Arousal ; Body Mass Index ; Diagnosis ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Neck ; Polysomnography ; Respiration ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Snoring*