Organelles have their special functions, they interact with each other and coordinate a series of important physiological functions at the same time. Organelle interaction occurs at membrane contact sites(MCSs), where the membranous organelle endoplasmic reticulum is the core, and specific tethered proteins at the membrane contact site bind to the organelle membrane and various protein complexes work together to perform specific functions, such as lipid transport, Ca2+ transfer, etc. This review studies on the structure and function of membrane contact sites and their key roles in organelle interactions, focusing on the connection between the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane, mitochondria and Golgi, as well as the association between the key proteins at membrane contact sites and the occurrence and development of various diseases.

ObjectiveTo determine the cerebral protection effect and mechanism of propofol on global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage in rats.Methods19 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, ischemia group (n=7), propofol group (n=7), and sham injury group (n=5). Global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model were made by means of Pulsinelli's method. Rats in propofol group were anesthesia with propofol at the dosage of 1.5 ml/h for 30 min at the beginning of reperfusion. Apoptosis and necrosis rate were detected by cytometry. In the same time, bcl-2, Bax and p53 protein expression in hippocampus neurons were detected. ResultsThe apoptosis and necrosis rate in propofol group were significantly decreased as compared with ischemia group ( P<0.05). Bax and p53 protein expression in hippocampus neurons were also significantly decreased as compared with ischemia group (P<0.05), however, no significant findings in bcl-2 protein expression (P>0.05).ConclusionPropofol can decrease apoptosis and necrosis rate in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injured neuron, and the mechanism maybe related to decreasing the expression of Bax, p53 protein.

Objective To analyze the effects of Fuzheng Xiaoai decoction joint tamoxifen on serum sex hormone and endometrial thickness with breast cancer.Methods 124 patients with breast cancer were divided into control group and research group by lot drawing method, all as 62 cases, treated with the same surgery, control group was treated with tamoxifen, research group was treated with Fuzheng Xiaoai decoction based on control group, the sex hormones, endometrial thickness, tumor markers, immune function and complications were compared between two groups.Results The prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2) of research group were all lower than control group, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05).The endometrial thickness of research group [(8.61+1.07) mm]was lower than the control group [(9.74+1.21) mm](P<0.05).The tumor markers, immune function of research group were better than that of control group (P<0.05).The complications was no difference between two groups. Conclusion Fuzheng Xiaoai decoction joint tamoxifen can regulation the serum levels of sex hormone, relieve tamoxifen-induced endometrial thickening, can improve tumor markers and immune function .

Objective To quantitatively analyze radiation-induced trismus in patients with nasopha-ryngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated by intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and evaluate tem-poromandibular joint (TMJ) damage. Methods Between February 2001 and October 2004, 211 NPC pa-tients were treated by IMRT, with a total dose of 68 Gy, 2.27 Gy per fraction within 31 -86 days (median, 43 days). The distances between two dens incisivus medialis (DDIM) were measured before and 6 months after IMRT and then annually thereafter. Results The overall survival at 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 97.1%, 90.7% and 79. 1%, respectively. The mean irradiation doses to TMJ were 6.18 -51.36 Gy. Grade 1 TMJ damage was observed in 5.2% patients, and grade 2 occurred in one patients who had received the second course radiotherapy because of local relapse . No grade 3 or 4 TMJ toxicity was observed . Conclusions IMRT can spare the TMJ from high dose irradiation and markedly reduce severe TMJ damage.

Objective To explore the relationship between Stathmin-1 and human papilloma viruse (HPV) persistent infection after conization of uterine cervix, and to show the clinical significance to recurrent of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods One hundred and six patients who were treated with conization of uterine cervix for CIN 2-3 grades were enrolled. Thirty-six recurrent patients were enrolled in recurrence group, and the others were enrolled in control group. The expression of Stathmin-1 in primary CIN tissues in two groups was detected by immunohistochemistry. The HPV infection was detected by HPV-DNA test. The relationship of HPV persistent infection and recurrence was analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of HPV persistent infection and HPV persistent infection rate in recurrence group were 88.89%(32/36), 83.33%(30/36), in control group were 34.29%(24/70) and 22.86%(16/70), and there were significant difference (P <0.01). Forty-two patients had HPV persistent infection in 56 patients with stathmin-1 positive expression, and 4 patients had HPV persistent infection in 46 patients Stathmin-1 negative expression. There was positive correlation (r=0.97, P<0.01). The type of HPV persistent infection in two groups was no significant difference (P >0.05). Conclusions Stathmin-1 positive expression is related to HPV persistent infection. The two factors can affect the prognosis of high-grade CIN, and can provide new cues and theory basis for the prevention of recurrence.

Objective To study the possibility of using heterogeneous antiserum in single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) for quantitative detection of HA in H7N9 influenza vaccine product when H7N9-specific antiserum is not available in order to establish a testing method for the detection of H 7N9 antigen in any urgent situation.Methods Antisera specific for H7N1, H7N2, H7N3 and H7N7 were obtained from NIBSC and used for SRID assay .Amino acid sequences of hemagglutinins were comparatively analyzed be-tween H7N9 virus and other viruses used to prepare heterogeneous antiserum .The titers of antisera against H7N9 and their homogenous antigens were detected by double immunodiffusion method .Based on the results of homology analysis and cross-reaction, a suitable antiserum was selected and its applicability was further validated by the SRID assay using H7N9 antigen.Results Influenza A virus subtype H7N3 that used for preparation of 07/278 antiserum showed the highest HA homology with H7N9 (97.14%).The titer of 07/278 antiserum against H7N9 antigen was 1 ∶8 as detected by double immunodiffusion assay .The H7N9 anti-gen and the 07/278 antiserum could form a clear precipitation line in SRID assay .The detection of H7N9 antigen in the range of 10 to 40μg/ml showed a good linearity in the standard curve .Conclusion The 07/278 antiserum from NIBSC can be used as an alternative reagent for the quantitative detection of hemaggluti -nin in H7N9 influenza virus vaccine .

Objective Laminectomy is destructive to bone structure in spine , which affect spinal stability .This article was to investigate the effect on spinal stability after laminectomy in different segments of vertebral plate in the treatment of lumbar intraspinal tumors. Methods Retrospective analysis were made on the data of 143 patients with lumbar intraspinal tumors from January 2009 to June 2012 in 6 hospitals.All the patients underwent laminectomy with no use of inner regular apparatus during the operation .JOA evalu-ation was applied to observe short-term efficacy , while ASIA scale for long-term efficacy .Comparison was made on lumbar spinal stability before operation and in the last visiting . Results From the observation of short-term efficacy, JOA evaluation score rised from (1.12 ± 0.65)to (1.97 ±0.71).Form the observation of long-term efficacy, ASIA scale classification was as follows:4 cases of Grade I, 6 cases of Grade II, 14 cases of Grade III, 53 cases of Grade IV and 66 cases of Grade V.In the following 12-30 months′visiting, all patients were covered.In the last postoperative visiting, patients suffering spinal instability after laminectomy were as follows:2 of 45(one seg-ment), 9 of 47(two segments), 5 of 27 (three segments) and 2 of 14 (four segments).From the observation on the postoperative spinal sta-bility and the segments in laminectomy , spinal stability of one-segment group was significantly higher than that of multi-segment group ( P=0.047).No significant difference exist between the groups of less than 2 segments and more than 3 segments as well as the groups of less than 3 segments and more than 4 segments. Conclusion A single seg-ment laminectomy on lumbar intraspinal tumors showed good postopera-tive spinal stability .But laminectomy in two or more segments implied greater risk of postoperative spinal instability .

Objective To analyze the laboratory testing data of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccines during lot release procedure, thus to know the overall quality status of this vaccines.Methods National Institutes for Food and Drug Control(NIFDC) carried out the laboratory test according to the specifications of each manufacture, and the results was analyzed and compared between manufacturer and NIFDC. Results 99.8% of vaccines batches were released by NIFDC, haemagglutinin contents were between 90% to 103 % of labeled values, and testing results slightly differ between manufactures and NIFDC,other items related to safety were all meet specifications. Conclusion The quality of H1N1 vaccines in China were satisfying, the lot release and independent test by NIFDC play important roles to ensure the vaccines' quality.

Objective: To grasp the research focus and development situation of the disease through the Web of Science database core journals of nearly ten years in nursing the lower respiratory disease is combing with visual analysis literature, as the nursing researchers further provided a reference for the research of this field. Method: Using literature metrology method and information visualization software Citespace, from 2008 to 2017 Web of Science a stronger core journals on the respiratory system disease, a total of 2557 articles were visualized analysis, the hot spot and research frontier of knowledge graph were draw. Results: The volume of lower respiratory disease in nursing has risen steadily in the past 10 years. The research focuses on pneumonia, asthma, mortality, self-management, risk factors for care and prevention, etc. The research frontier is mainly focused on the research of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis and other advanced diseases and children asthma. China and the United States have different research hot spots for lower respiratory disease in the same time zone, and China′s research hot spot is five years later than in the United States. Conclusion The research focus of lower respiratory disease in nursing field in the past ten years is mainly centered on the two centers of pneumonia and asthma. Lower respiratory disease in the field of nursing research China steadily rising trend, but compared with developed countries such as United States, England, the total number too little.So, China should draw lessons from foreign developed countries research hot spot and front, increase investment in the nursing of lower respiratory disease research.

Objective:To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/NF-κB signaling pathway in human kidney-2(HK-2) cells of hyperuricemic nephropathy.Methods:HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The experimental group was induced by high uric acid (720 μmol/L) immersion for 48 h to establish a cell model of hyperuricemic nephropathy in vitro and subsequently divided into hyperuricemic group, overexpressed protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and knockdown PAR2 group. The expressions of PAR2, PI3K, AKT, NF-κB mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. The expressions of PAR2, PI3K, AKT and NF-κB protein were measured by Western blotting. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:(1) Compared with the control group, the expressions of PAR2, PI3K, AKT and NF-κB mRNA and protein in hyperuricemic group were significantly increased (all P<0.05), the expressions of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, pro-IL-1β, IL-1β and TGF-β1 in the supernatant in hyperuricemic group were significantly increased (all P<0.01). (2) Compared with the hyperuricemic group, the expressions of PAR2, PI3K, AKT and NF-κB mRNA and protein in overexpressed PAR2 group were significantly increased (all P<0.05), the expressions of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-1β and TGF-β1 in the supernatant were significantly increased (all P<0.05). (3) Compared with the hyperuricemic group, the expression of PAR2, PI3K, AKT and NF-κB mRNA and protein in knockdown PAR2 group were significantly decreased (all P<0.05), the expressions of IL-6, pro-IL-1β, IL-1β and TGF-β1 in the supernatant were significantly decreased (all P<0.05). Conclusions:In the process of uric acid-induced HK-2 cell damage, uric acid significantly up-regulates the expression of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway by activating PAR2, leading to a marked increase in inflammatory damage. Knocking down PAR2 inhibits the expression of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway, which can effectively reduce the inflammatory damage of HK-2 cells.