Objective Evaluate the immunotoxicity of Ginenoside Compound K Injection.Methods Active Systemic Anaphylaxis (ASA)tests and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis (PCA)tests were used to evaluate Ginenoside Compound K Injection.Results In the ASA tests,positive control group showed pole-strength anapbylaxis,both the high-dose group and the low-dose group of Ginenoside Compound K Injection didn't produce allergic reaction and the body weights of all groups showed no significant differences.In the PCA tests,all rats of positive control group caused blue spots with their diameters bigger than 5 mm (diameters on the left side of blue spots was (10.1± 3.34) mm and diameters on the right side of blue spots was(7.57± 1.94)mm.Serum IgE was significantly increased.While both high dose and low dose of Ginenoside Compound K Injection group didn't show blue spots with their diameters greater than 5 mm and their IgE levels showed no significant differences compared with negative control group.Conclusion Ginenoside Compound K Injection showed no immunotoxicity under these experimental conditions.

BACKGROUND: Puerarin possesses various biological efficacies, such as the protective efficacy on hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus and blood disease, and the extracts of puerarin can inhibit the proliferation of S180 sarcoma and Lewis lung cancer to some extent.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the modulation effects of total flavone of puerarin (TFP) on the growth of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and the protective efficacy on the H2O2-induced cellular oxidative damage.DESIGN: Complete randomization design and control experiment.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry and Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital.MATERIALS: Puerarin was bought from Tongrentang drug store, and TFP was extracted and purified routinely by ethanol and ether acetate, then was evaluated with thin-layer chromatography. The content of puerarin in extracts was 31.79% in quantitative assay. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), luminal and anti-oxidative activity reagent xanthine oxidase were all from Sigma Company. PC12 cells were given by Institute of Geriatrics,Chinese PLA General Hospital as a present.METHODS: The experiment was conducted at the Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital from January to July in·2001.① The cells were cultured in 20 g/L DMEM (pH 7.1-7.2), and randomized into two groups: TFP group and H2O2-injury+TFP group, and each group was divided into 5 mass concentrations (0, 1.0, 10, 100 mg/L and 1.0 g/L). There were 8 holes for parallel culture with 100 mL culture medium in each hole (containing 1 ×l09 L-1 cells). TFP group:TFP was added for 72-hour culture at 37 ℃; H2O2 injury+TFP group:TFP was firstly cultured for 48 hours at 37 ℃, then 500 mmol/L H2O2 was added and co-cultured for other 24 hours.②The activity of cultured PC12 cells was monitored by MTF assays, the content of nitrite was measured by Griess reagents, and the antioxidant activity of superoxidedismutase (SOD) was monitored by hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase.H2O2-initiated PC12 cellular oxidative damage had been used as experimental model to study the protective efficacy of TFP, and expressed as inhibition ratio [(blank A value-detection A value)/blank A value × 100%]. The higher inhibition ratio indicated the strong ability of clearing O2-. ③ One-factor analysis of variance was used to compare the difference between data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The influence of TFP on the nitrite content, SOD activity and cell activity in PC12 cells.RESULTS: ①Effect of TFP on PC12 cell activity: 1-10 mg/L TFP hadno obvious effects on the growth of PC12 cells, and 100 mg/L TFP in creased the cell growth (P ＜ 0.05), whereas the TFP concentration was increased to 1.0 g/L, the activity of PC12 cells was inhibited obviously (P ＜ 0.01). TFP of 1-100 mg/L could protect the cultured cells from the oxidative damages of H2O2 concentration dependently (P ＜ 0.05).② Effect of TFP on clearing O2-: The ability of clearing O2 increased withthe mass concentrations of TFP in both groups with obvious dose-effect relation, except when 1 mg/L TFP was added in the H2O2 injury+TFP group. The SOD activity in PC12 cell culture liquid was obviously en hanced after adding 100 mg/L and 1 g/L TFP, compared with that without TFP addition (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). ③Modulation of TFP on nitrite: TFP of low concentration (1-100 mg/L) reduced the production of cellnitrite, whereas increased the nitrite production at the concentration of1.0 mg/mL.CONCLUSION: ①TFP can regulate the growth of PC12 cells, which canbe enhanced by low-concentration (1-100 mg/L) TFP whereas inhibited byhigh-concentration (1 g/L) TFP. However, the anti-oxidation of TFP is themost powerful. ②TFP can protect the PC12 cells obviously from the oxidative damages induced by H2O2 at low concentration.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the expression of SARS-CoV (IgG) in the serum of hospitalized children who were not suffering from SARS, and retrospectively evaluate the difference of generation of the antibody between the children and adults. Methods Serum samples were collected from 85 hospitalized children, 500 health-check adults, 976 hospitalized adults, and 156 adults recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and SARS-CoV (IgG) in the specimens was determined by ELISA and biologic chip. Results The level of serum SARS-CoV (IgG) in childhood patients was significantly higher than that in adult patients (17.6% vs 6.3%, P

BACKGROUND: Pathological changes of the brain tissue in patients with dementia of frontal type(DFT) are still controversial. This paper brought forward the pathological alterative characteristics of brain tissue in DFT patients through one pathological case study of the brain tissue in one dead dementia patient.OBJECTIVE: To validate one uncommon neurodegenerative disease complicated with dementia, DFT.DESIGN: A case analysis.SETTING: Department of Neurology of the First Hospital of Jilin University METHODS: Brain anatomy, serials of histological staining and immunohistochemical staining for PrP, tau protein, etc. were performed after 3 hours since the death of one patient with progressive dementia.stainingfrontal lobes. EEG displayed a paroxysmal high-amplitude slow wave with and the brain atrophy was limited to frontal lobe and the temporal lobe loss of neurocyte companied with significant gliosis since the second layer; However, the pyramidal cell was relatively healthy. No abnormality was munohistochemical staining had negative reactions.CONCLUSION: This case was typical DFT. This type of dementia should be considered in future analysis of the neurodegenerative disease complicated with dementia.

Objective Getting the robust exogenous gene expression vector under the control of porcine insulin promoter, and to lay the foundation for pancreaticβ-cells specific transgene expressing pigs.Method Using porcine insu-lin promoter ( PIP, 1500 bp of the 5′UTR from the porcine INS gene including the first exon and the first intron) to con-struct expression vector, the HindIII restriction site which connected the sequences of PIP and EGFP was designed before ATG, named PIP-HindIII-EGFP.Considering that the different location of restriction site may affect the expression efficien-cy of the transgene, we optimized the expression vector.Firstly the HindIII restriction site was deleted to realize the seam-less connection of PIP and EGFP,the vector was named PIP-EGFP.Also we mutated the 3′intron splicing acceptor site( SA) of the first intron into HindIII restriction site, named as PIP-SA( M)-EGFP.Three different EGFP expression vectors were respectively transfected MIN-6 mouse pancreatic β-cells, pig ear fibroblasts and kidney cells.The transfected cells were cultured for 48 h and harvested for RT-PCR, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, to analyze and compare the expres-sion efficiency of vectors.Results After transfection,green fluorescence was observed only in MIN-6 mouse pancreaticβ-cells.RT-PCR analysis and product sequencing showed that the three expression vectors did have different stability with in-tron splicing.The PIP-HindIII-EGFP construct and PIP-EGFP vector produced two kinds of mRNA with the first intron spliced and no spliced, indicating the instability of intron splicing.Mutation of the PIP splice site would cause the first in-tron not spliced, while flow cytometry and Western blot displayed that the mutation induced a most efficient expression of the downstream gene.Conclusions A robust and specific β-cells expression vector has been successfully generated by mutating the intron splicing acceptor site of the porcine insulin promoter.It provides the foundation for preparation of pigs with pancreaticβ-cells specifically expressing the transgene.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of parenteral nutrition drugs and promote the rational use of drugs.Methods The data of parenteral nutrition drugs used in our hospital were analyzed,including the quantity,the amount of money,the scope and purpose,etc.The rationality of drug use was reviewed by prescription comment simultaneously.Results On similar medicines comparison,the fat emulsion,amino acids (17) and glucose (11％) injection (1440mL) and fat emulsion and amino acids (18) injection (1 000mL),which were designed according to the basal metabolic rate in patients were far greater than the fat emulsion,amino acids(17) and glucose (11％) injection (1 920mL) of the added value of design.And the balanced amino acid preparations in compound amino acid in 18 AA-Ⅳ usage,was far greater than 18 AA-Ⅱ and 18 AA.Fat emulsion preparation with concentration of 20％ dosage was bigger,because the price advantage,ordinary long-chain fat milk consumption was greater than the long chain fatty milk.In terms of drug use rationality,the usage,dosage,compatibility and adverse reactions of parenteral nutrition drugs were analyzed.The dosage,frequency and compatibility problems still needed to be improved.Conclusion The use of parenteral nutrition drugs were basic reasonable,but we should strictly control the indications for parenteral nutrition support,such as drug compatibility,using frequency to strengthen management and reasonable application of drugs to improve medication safety.

OBJECTIVE Tostudytheeffectofmetforminonglucolipidmetabolicdisorderscaused byolanzapineorquetiapineinrats.METHODS Olanzapine1mg·kg-1·d-1wasgivenigorquetiapine 20 mg·kg -1·d -1 was given ig for 4 d,and the dose increased to 40 mg·kg -1·d -1 from the 5th day.Met-formin 100 mg·kg -1·d -1 was given ig from the 15th day.The treatment lasted 8 weeks.Body mass, fasting blood sugar (FBS)and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose (2hPBG)were measured at base-line,3 d,1 week,2 week,4 week,6 week and 8 week.At the end of the 8th week,serum cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein (HDL-C),fruc-tosamine(FA)andinsulin(IRS)weremeasured.RESULTS Therewasnosignificantstatisticaldiffer-ence between normal control group and metformin 1 00 mg·kg -1·d -1 group.At the end of the 6th week, compared with normal control group,the body mass and 2hPBG were significantly increased in olanzap-ine 1 mg·kg -1·d -1 group and quetiapine 40 mg·kg -1·d -1 group (P<0.05),respectively.At the end of the 8th week,body mass,2hPBG,INS,FA,TC,TG,LDL-C were significantly increased (P<0.05), and HDL-C decreased in olanzapine group and quetiapine group(P<0.05),respectively.FBS was increased only in olanzapine group(P<0.05).Compared with olanzapine group or quetiapine group, body mass,FBS,2hPBG,INS,FA,TC,TG,LDL-C were significantly decreased by metformin admin-istration(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Metformincaneffectivelypreventandtreatweightgainand glucolipid metabolic disorder caused by olanzapine or quetiapine.

Objective To compare the efficacy of different sedation depths of monitored anesthesia care (MAC) in vitrectomy.Methods Ninety-six patients of both sexes,aged 40-64 yr,with body mass index ≤ 35 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective vitrectomy,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =48 each) using a random number table:mild sedation group (group Ⅰ) and profound sedation group (group Ⅱ).Anesthesia was induced with iv midazolam 0.02 mg/kg and sufentanil 0.15 μg/kg.Anesthesia was maintained with iv infusion of propofol 0.5-2.0 mg · kg-1 · h-1 maintaining bispectral index (BIS) value＞80 in group Ⅰ,or with iv infusion of propofol 2-6 mg · kg-1 · h-1 maintaining BIS value at 65-80 in group Ⅱ.The occurrence of unexpected head movement,SPO2＜90％,snoring,and oculocardiac reflex during the procedure,postoperative nausea and vomiting,and the time when the patients in supine position were turned to prone position were recorded after surgery.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the incidence of unexpected head movement,SpO2 ＜90％,and snoring was significantly increased,and the time when the patients in supine position were turned to prone position was prolonged (P＜0.05),and no significant difference was found in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and oculocardiac reflex during the procedure in group Ⅱ (P＞0.05).Conclusion Mild sedation of MAC (BIS value ≥ 80) provides better efficacy than profound sedation (BIS value 65-80) when used for vitrectomy.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of irinotecan as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (INAC) plus radical surgery (RS) for cervical cancer.Methods According to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO),81 cases were divided into Ⅱ B,ⅡA,and Ⅰ B2 groups.According to the tests of UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms,we adjusted the injection dose of irinotecan.The parameters were analyzed,including the efficacy,operation time and bleeding volume,postoperative pathology,survival time,and adverse reactions.The articles on irinotecan or paclitaxel combined with cisplatin for neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2005 and 2015 were collected,and compared.Results The effective rate of chemotherapy was 81.5％ (Ⅰ B2 group:85.7％;Ⅱ A group:83.3％;and ⅡB group:72.2％),operation time was (5.3 ± 1.1) h,and blood loss was (781 ± 361.7) ml.After chemotherapy,37 cases were delayed diarrhea,70 cases were nausea,48 cases were vomiting,and 40 cases were bone marrow suppression.The infiltration rate,operation time,and blood loss on Ⅱ B group was significantly higher than that on Ⅱ A and Ⅰ B2 groups(P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant difference in the chemotherapy efficiency,invasion depth,lymphatic metastasis,survival time and adverse reactions(P ＞0.05).Compared to three articles,the total effective rate in this study was higher than that in previous studies,also in Ⅱ A and Ⅱ B group.Conclusions Irinotecan chemotherapy regimens combined with cisplatin is effective and well tolerated.It is worthy of popularization and application.Detection of UGT1A1 gene polymorphism has guiding significance for chemotherapy regimen on irinotecan combined with cisplatin.