Objective To survey the status of the clinical competence and meta-cognitive ability of college nursing students, to explore the correlation between the two factors, and analyze the influencing factors of baccalaureate nursing students′ clinical skills, then explore the approach of improving the clinical competence of nursing students. Methods Totally 184 nursing students from Taishan Medical University were investigated by General Information Questionnaire, Clinical Competence Test Scale, University Students Meta Cognitive Ability Scale. Results Nursing students′ average score of meta cognition was 80.48 ± 11.97, the average score of clinical competence was 121.22 ± 22.74. The meta cognitive ability and clinical competence of nursing undergraduate students both maintained at the middle level. Meta cognitive ability was positively correlated with clinical competence. To some extent, enhancing the meta cognitive ability could help students improve the clinical competence. Conclusions To understand the status and correlation between meta cognitive ability and clinical competence can guide students to learn effectively, can help teachers play a good role in teaching effectively.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficiency and safety of cefmetazon in the prevention Department of General Surgery,First People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200080,Chinaand or treatment of infections in general surgery. MethodsA multicenter,prospective and open-labeled trial was conducted. In the prevention group,1700 patients were enrolled in clean-infection surgery,cefmetazon was given 1 g iv half an hour before the surgery started,and 1 g iv twice daily after the surgery for 3 days.Clinical response was evaluated in terms of both cure ( disappearance of pre treatment symptoms)and pathogen. In the treatment group,897 patients were diagnosed as peritonitis, cholecystitis and cholangitis,the patients were given cefmetazon 2 g iv twice a day for 7 - 14 days,clinical response and microbiological efficacy were assessed.ResultsIn prophylactic group,1449 patients were finally included.The clinical efficacy was 100％ (1449/1449).In the treatment group,a total of 897 patients were enrolled,and 110 patients failed for assessment of clinical efficacy,787 patients were included in the PPS population,the clinical efficacy was 90.7％ (714/787); Bacterial eradication rate was 92％ (46/50).Adverse reaction rates in prevention group and treatment group were 1.3％ (22/1700) and 1.2％ (11/897),including mild nausea and vomitting.ConclusionsCefmetazon is effective and safe in prevention and treatment of Postoperative infections in general surgery.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of mutations and expression of MUS81 gene with the tumorigenesis and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

METHODSPCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing were carried out to examine mutations at exons 9 and 10 of MUS81 gene in 42 LSCC samples, with paired adjacent normal laryngeal tissues (PANLs) as control. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of MUS81 gene in the specimens.

RESULTSNo mutation was detected in the control group. Among the 42 LSCC specimens, nineteen (45.2%) were found to harbor mutations, including 11(26.2%) occurring within exon 9, and 8 (19%) within exon 10. Seventeen (40.48%) samples showed lower mRNA level of the MUS81 gene (P<0.01), and same proportion of samples had lower protein level (P<0.01), suggesting that MUS81 gene was similarly down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels in the LSCC samples. Furthermore, mutations of MUS81 gene did not significantly correlate with TNM stages, age and lymphoid node metastasis (P>0.05). Nor did the expression of MUS81 gene with the TNM stages, age and lymphoid node metastasis in LSCC (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONMutations and abnormal expression of MUS81 gene in the LSCC tissues were observed, which suggested that abnormalities of MUS81 gene may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of LSCC.

Age Factors ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Endonucleases ; genetics ; Exons ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEEndogenous hydrophobic bile acids may be a pathogenetic factor of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).This study was designed to investigate the effects of hydrophilic ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), when administered early after OLT, on serum liver tests and on the incidence of biliary complications.

METHODSA total of 112 adult patients undergoing OLT were randomly assigned to one of two groups for receipt of UDCA (13 to 15 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks, n=56) or a placebo (n=56). All patients underwent serum liver testing and measurement of serum bile acids during the 4 weeks following OLT.Patients with T-tube underwent measurement of biliary bile acids during the 4 weeks following OLT.Biliary complications, as well as patient and graft survival rates, were analyzed during the follow-up period (mean of 65.6 months).

RESULTSAt post-OLT days 7, 21 and 28, the UDCA-treated patients showed significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (all P less than 0.05).In addition, the UDCA-treated patients showed significantly lower incidence of biliary sludge and casts within the first year post-OLT (3.6% vs.14.3%; x2=3.953, P=0.047). However, there were no significant differences for the incidence of other biliary complications at post-OLT years 1, 3 and 5.The graft and patient survival rates were also similar between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONUDCA, when administered early after OLT, improves results from serum liver tests and decreases the incidence of biliary sludge and casts within the first postoperative year.

Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bile ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver Transplantation ; Postoperative Complications ; physiopathology ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; therapeutic use ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase

Objective To indentify the cognitive status of Chinese patients to acne and the influencing factors to theirs' cognitive status,so as to provide solid evidences for the prevention and treatment of acne.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was made to conduct this survey of 16,156 acne patients,who seeked to the treatment in the dermatological departments from 112 hospitals in China.The survey consisted of several parts,including the general status of patients,the patients' cognition of occurrence,development and risk factors of acne,whether the first choice was seeking treatment at the hospital when the patients had acne and the condition of selection of skin care products.The factors were analyzed,which could impact the cognition of the patients' behavior of treatment,how did the patients' cognition to influence their medical behavior and skin care as well as the consistency of assessment of the severity of acne by doctors and patients themselves.Results The acne patients studied had the best knowledge of "acne is a skin disease","it not only occurs in the period of adolescence" and "the disease can be prevented and cured",which accordingly accounted for 80.65％,69.16％ and 65.49％ of the total patients respectively.However,the awareness of acne patients to heredity,high sugar and dairy products as risk factors for acne was insufficient,which accounted for 48.72％,42.40％ and 18.25％ of the total patients,respectively.Gender,age,educational level,occupation and health knowledge were the main factors affecting the cognitive level of patients;the survey also found that men,patient with educational level of junior high or even lower educational condition,occupation of labor workers or farmers and patients were lack of health education with poor knowledge of the genetics and dietary were risk factors for acne;patients with age over 36 years or with mild illness had poor knowledge of dietary risk factors for acne;the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The analysis of the influence of cognitive status on medical treatment behavior and skin care showed that the better the cognition,the higher the probability of patients would choose medical treatment as the first choice as well as choosing functional skin care products;the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The consistency of assessment of the severity of acne by doctors and patients was poor (Kappa value ＜0.4),and the assessment of severity of acne by patients was more serious than doctors' assessment.Conclusions Patient's cognitive status will affect their medical behavior and skin care,and there is also a phenomenon that patients have a more serious assessment of their acne condition.It is suggested that health education for acne patients should be strengthened in clinical medicine so as to improve their knowledge of acne as well as preventing from acne effectively.