OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation betwe en necrosis and apoptosis in the hippocampus of exogenous bFGF on this process. METHODS: With Marmarou's method we produced a severe diffuse brain injury and studied the changes in the hippocampus by adapting a modified T dT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. At the same time we observed the effect of exogenous bFGF on neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. RESULTS: We found that together with cell necrosis there was an increase in the number of apoptotic neurons in the hippocampus CA2-3 sectors a s early as 4 h after injury, with numbers reaching a maximum at 7 d. Exogenous b FGF resulted in a definite reduction in the amount of necrosis and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Neuronal necrosis and apoptosis occur in combinati on after brain injury and that one of the causes may be the insufficience expres sion of the bFGF gene in the hippocampus after severe injury. Exogenous bFGF and similar substance may prove clinically useful after brain injury by reducing ce ll necrosis and apoptosis.

Objective To explore the relevant factors of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods 400 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected,and the relevant factors with DR of type 2 diabetes were analyzed.Results The incidence of DR in type 2 diabetes was 49.0％.In type 2 diabetes when diabetes duration＞15 years,the incidence of DR was 84.7％,duration＜5-year incidence rate was 30.0％ respectively,there were significant differences(P＜0.05).Incidence rate in lower blood glucose group and poor glycemic control group were 38.1％ and 68.5％ respectively,and there was statistically difference(P＜0.05),and in normal blood pressure and well control group,the incidence rates were 44.1％ and 41.2％,which were significantly better than 80.0％ of poorly controlled hypertension group.Conclusion Duration of diabetes,glycemic control level,blood pressure,exercise,and regular schedule were related factors of DR.The most important thing of DR treatment and prevention was to control blood glucose.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of motor evoked potential (MEP) combined with somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and electroencephalogram (EEG) in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in prevention of cerebral ischemia.Methods The clinical data of 62 patients accepted CEA in our hospital from June 2014 to July 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.During the operation,MEP,SEP and EEG were examined,and the bypass rube would be considered when SEP/MEP amplitude was decreased by 50％,latency was delayed by 10％,or frequency of EEG was changed by 50％.The predictive effects of each method and combined application of 3 methods were compared.Results In 62 patients,MEP changes occurred in 11 patients,SEP changed in 15 patients and EEG changed in 8 patients.Six patients applied bypass tube during operation and a transient neurological dysfunction occurred in 5 patients.The specificity of EEG mode showed no statistical differences as compared with that of SEP+MEP,EEG+MEP,and SEP+EEG modes (P＞0.05),while that of SEP mode or MEP mode was significantly lower as compared with that of SEP+MEP,EEG+MEP,and SEP+EEG modes (P＜0.05).The specificity of SEP+MEP+EEG mode showed no statistical differences as compared with that of SEP+MEP,EEG+MEP,and SEP+EEG modes (P＞0.05).Conclusion Multi-mode neural electrophysiological monitoring is safer and more effective than single mode in CEA;MEP+SEP monitoring mode is the preferred monitoring program in CEA.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value and outcomes of technical improvement of hybrid operatical clipping for large paraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysms. Methods: A review was conducted on 18 cases of large paraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysm which were clipped by balloon non-fluoroscopic occlusion of the parent artery via a micro-bone window frontolateral approach in hybrid operating room at Neurosurgery Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from June 2014 to December 2017. There were 8 males and 10 females with age of (63±4) years. There were 6 cases of unruptured aneurysm and 12 cases of ruptured aneurysm of subarachnoid hemorrhage (6 cases of grade Ⅱ, 4 cases of grade Ⅲ and 2 cases of grade Ⅳ in Hunt-Hess classification). Frontolateral approach incision (average length of about 5 cm) and bone window about 3 cm×3 cm were performed. No incision of the neck was needed to expose the internal carotid artery for temporary occlusion. In the operation, the balloon was slowly pushed to the preset position of the internal carotid artery under non-fluoroscopy. The balloon was expanded to block the blood flow of internal carotid artery. Then aneurysm was clipped. The balloon was loosened and retraced to the guiding catheter after clipping. The clipping condition was examined by cerebral angiography. If there was residual aneurysm neck or stenosis of the parent artery, the balloon was pushed under non-fluoroscopy again to temporary occlusion and the clip was adjusted until the aneurysm neck was clamped satisfactorily. Results: Eighteen aneurysms were successfully clipped in hybrid operating room. Fourteen aneurysms showed complete occlusion of the aneurysm neck and no stenosis of the parent artery. Four cases showed residual aneurysm neck after clipping by intraoperative angiography, then aneurysms were clipped satisfy by adjusting the aneurysm clip. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 1 year. Ten patients recovered well (modifed Rankin score (mRS): 0), and 3 patients had no obvious disability (mRS: 1). Two patients with Hunt-Hess grade Ⅲ were slightly disabled (mRS: 2). 1 patients with Hunt-Hess grade Ⅲ were moderately disabled (mRS: 3). 1 patients with Hunt-Hess grade Ⅳ were severely disabled (mRS: 4). One elderly patients with Hunt-Hess grade Ⅳ were seriously disabled (mRS: 5). Conclusions Application of balloon non-fluoroscopic occlusion clipping for large paraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysm via a micro-bone window frontolateral approach is safe, effective and minimally invasive.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the liver tissue of rats with bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic fibrosis and evaluate the inhibitory effects of perindopril and losartan on TLR4 expression.

METHODSMale Wistar Rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=6), BDL group, perindopril treatment group (2 mg/kg) and losartan treatment group (50 mg/kg) (n=12). Perindopril and losartan groups were further divided into two subgroups for corresponding treatments by gastric lavage once daily for 14 and 30 days. The protein level of TLR4 in the liver tissue was examined by Western blotting.

RESULTSIn 14-day BDL group, the protein level of TLR4 significantly increased to 6.53∓1.11 folds of that in the sham group (P<0.05), and was lowered significantly to 1.71∓0.41 folds and 0.95∓0.38 folds following perindopril and losartan treatments for 14 days. TLR4 expression significantly increased to 6.51∓0.87 folds and 5.64∓0.87 folds of that of the sham group in perindopril and losartan groups after the 30-day treatments (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONTLR4 expression is up-regulated in the liver of rats with BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis, and can be lowered by perindopril and losartan treatmemts for 14 days.

Animals ; Bile Ducts ; surgery ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Ligation ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; metabolism ; pathology ; Losartan ; pharmacology ; Male ; Perindopril ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective: To compare the diagnosis and treatment experience of brain abscesses and improve prognosis. Methods: The data of 302 patients of brain abscess at Department of Neurosurgery in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from 1980 to 2014 was analyzed retrospectively. There were 215 male and 87 female patients aged from 11 to 82 years with mean age of (30±8) years. The patients was divided into 1980-2001 group and 2002-2014 group according to different diagnosis and the treatment methods. The therapy methods include operation and conservative treatment. There were 196 cases received operation, including 95 cases of excision, 89 cases of ventriculopuncture, 12 cases of excision after ventriculopuncture, 106 cases received drug conservative therapy. Two groups of information including clinical manifestation, abscess location, therapeutic effect and prognosis were compared by χ² test. Results: Compared to 1980-2001 group, adjacent infection incidence declined(χ²=8.000, P=0.005). The ratio of single abscess declined and multiple abscess increased(χ²=11.060, P=0.001), the infection proportion of frontal lobe and temporal lobe decreased(χ²=9.080, P=0.003; χ²=15.440, P=0.000). The ratio of headache and vomit and papilledema declined significantly(χ²=23.290, P=0.000; χ²=21.020, P=0.000; χ²=2.290, P=0.001). Total mortality of 302 patients were 23 cases and 5 cases of 1980-2001 group and 2002-2014 group (10.4% vs. 6.3%, χ²=1.180, P=0.277). However, there were statistical difference in postoperative mortality between both groups (14.4% vs. 4.0%, χ² =3.880, P=0.049). Conclusion With the application of antibiotics and the development of neurosurgical techniques, the prognosis of brain abscess has been improved.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of the proximal interphalangeal kite flap in repairing the wound of the posterior web of the split toe.Methods:A retrospective case series study was used to analyze the clinical data of children with syndactyly after toe web wounds were repaired with proximal kite flap between toe webs in the Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang from May 2010 to March 2019. The satisfaction of flap repair effect (the total score is 5-10) and the operation effect according to toe function, toe web slope, and depth were evaluated. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed in Mean±SD and analyzed by paired sample t-test. Results:A total of 10 children with syndactyly were included, including four males and six females, aged from 6 months to 9 years. Seven cases were on the right side, and there were on the left. All were soft tissue connexions, incomplete syndactyly 6 feet, complete syndactyly 4 feet. All flaps survived and were followed up for an average of 13 months (range, 6-24 months). The score of satisfaction was 8.6±2.7. The appearance, color, elasticity, and texture of the reconstructed web are similar to those of the uninjured side. At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference between the abduction of the separated toe and that of the healthy side (43.57 ± 3.82)° and (44.39 ± 4.25)°( P=0.64). There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.66). The reconstruction depth of the toe web was (1.19 ± 0.23) cm, which was not significantly different from that of the healthy side (1.21 ± 0.27) cm ( P=0.85). Conclusions:The proximal interphalangeal kite flap is one of the ideal methods to repair the wounds of the posterior web of the congenital syndactyly. However, the number of cases in this study is small, and the follow-up time is short. The curative effect of the children with the growth and development process needs further research.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of the proximal interphalangeal kite flap in repairing the wound of the posterior web of the split toe.Methods:A retrospective case series study was used to analyze the clinical data of children with syndactyly after toe web wounds were repaired with proximal kite flap between toe webs in the Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang from May 2010 to March 2019. The satisfaction of flap repair effect (the total score is 5-10) and the operation effect according to toe function, toe web slope, and depth were evaluated. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed in Mean±SD and analyzed by paired sample t-test. Results:A total of 10 children with syndactyly were included, including four males and six females, aged from 6 months to 9 years. Seven cases were on the right side, and there were on the left. All were soft tissue connexions, incomplete syndactyly 6 feet, complete syndactyly 4 feet. All flaps survived and were followed up for an average of 13 months (range, 6-24 months). The score of satisfaction was 8.6±2.7. The appearance, color, elasticity, and texture of the reconstructed web are similar to those of the uninjured side. At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference between the abduction of the separated toe and that of the healthy side (43.57 ± 3.82)° and (44.39 ± 4.25)°( P=0.64). There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.66). The reconstruction depth of the toe web was (1.19 ± 0.23) cm, which was not significantly different from that of the healthy side (1.21 ± 0.27) cm ( P=0.85). Conclusions:The proximal interphalangeal kite flap is one of the ideal methods to repair the wounds of the posterior web of the congenital syndactyly. However, the number of cases in this study is small, and the follow-up time is short. The curative effect of the children with the growth and development process needs further research.

Objective:To study on the effect of "stomach ten acupuncture" combined with domperidone tablets on clinical symptoms and sleep quality of gastrointestinal neurosis patients with insomnia based on the theory of "stomach harmonious leading to restless".Methods:Randomized controlled trial. From March 2020 to March 2021, 98 patients with gastrointestinal neurosis and insomnia in our hospital who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups, with 49 patients in each group. The control group took domperidone tablets orally, and the observation group was treated with "stomach ten acupuncture" on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, TCM syndromes were scored, the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms was assessed with Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), anxiety and depression were assessed with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and sleep quality was assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI).Results:After treatment, the scores and total scores of epigastric pain, belching, abdominal distension, anorexia, noisy acid regurgitation, tiredness and asthenia, constipation and loose stools in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 19.61, 19.30, 23.10, 22.05, 20.43, 21.81, 20.51, 16.38, respectively, P<0.01); the scores and total scores of typical symptoms, abdominal pain symptoms, reflux symptoms, diarrhea symptoms, constipation symptoms were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 10.10, 11.14, 11.04, 9.31, 11.24, 5.30, respectively, P<0.01); HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 6.96 and 6.85, respectively, P<0.01). The scores of time to fall asleep (1.15 ± 0.56 vs. 2.11 ± 0.75, t=7.18), time to sleep (0.92 ± 0.63 vs. 1.52 ± 1.12, t=3.27), sleep quality (1.02 ± 0.66 vs. 1.96 ± 0.80, t=6.35), sleep efficiency (0.86 ± 0.62 vs. 1.68 ± 0.85, t=5.46), sleep disorders (0.92 ± 0.36 vs. 1.48 ± 0.55, t=5.96), daytime dysfunction (0.96 ± 0.42 vs. 1.97 ± 0.87, t=7.32), hypnotics (0.98 ± 0.45 vs. 1.81 ± 0.62, t=7.58) and total scores (6.85 ± 1.47 vs. 12.73 ± 2.95, t=12.49) were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The "stomach ten acupuncture" combined with domperidone tablets can improve the clinical symptoms and sleep quality of gastrointestinal neurosis patients with insomnia.

Objective:To explore the effect of "ten needles in the stomach" on sleep perception of patients with spleen-gastric damp-heat insomnia based on the theory of "stomach discord, then sleep restlessness", to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The study subjects were 300 patients with insomnia from the sleep department and outpatient department of Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. According to the random number method, they were divided into the stomach ten needle group, the diazepam group, and the stomach ten needle plus diazepam group, with 100 in each group. Among them, the stomach ten needles group received "stomach ten needles" acupuncture treatment, the diazepam group was given diazepam therapy, and the stomach ten needles plus diazepam group was given diazepam combined with "stomach ten needles" acupuncture treatment. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, the self-rating disease symptom scale (SCL-90) scores, nighttime polysomnography (PSG) monitoring indicators, and the mean sleep latency (MSL) values were compared before and after treatment in the three groups. The difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups were observed.Results:The total effective rate was 94.0% (94/100) in the combined group, 77.0% (77/100) in the diazepam group, and 85.0% (85/100) in the stomach ten needle group. There were significant differences among the three groups ( χ2=11.56, P<0.01). After treatment, the daytime dysfunction, hypnotic drugs, sleep disturbance, sleep efficiency, sleep time, sleep time, sleep quality score and total score of the combined group were significantly lower than those in the diazepam group and the stomach ten needle group ( F=5.70, 3.65, 5.23, 6.37, 3.66, 6.19, 7.54, 6.40, all Ps<0.01); The scores of SCL-90 and MSL were significantly lower than those in the diazepam group and stomach ten needle group ( F=8.97, 7.53, all Ps<0.01). In the combined group, NWAK [(1.36 ± 0.87) times vs. (2.69 ± 1.15) times, (2.11 ± 1.05) times, F=5.88], SOL [(13.62 ± 5.85) min vs. (25.06 ± 9.42) min, (19.78 ± 7.63) min, F=6.49], N1/TST [(5.69 ± 1.09)% vs. (12.65 ± 2.58)%, (8.49 ± 2.45)%, F=5.13], N2/TST [(51.07 ± 10 2.06)% vs. (58.36 ± 2.18)%, (55.61 ± 2.04)%, F=9.86] were significantly lower than those in the diazepam group and stomach ten needle group ( P<0.01), SE [(90.33 ± 2.89)% vs. (85.39 ± 2.75)%, (87.53 ± 2.69)%, F=8.36], TST [(449.32 ± 23.65) min vs. (421.66 ± 25.33) min, (431.26 ± 25.98) min, F=8.26], REM/TST [(23.87 ± 4.52)% vs. (14.52 ± 3.87)%, (18.36 ± 3.25)%, F=5.34], N3/TST [(18.69 ± 2.02)% vs. (10.31 ± 1.64)%, (14.89 ± 1.74)%, F=7.69] were significantly higher than those in the diazepam group and stomach ten needle group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Based on the "stomach discord, sleep restlessness" theory, the ten needles on the stomach can treat insomnia and improve psychological state and sleep quality, with the functions of clearing the damp and heat of the middle joker, regulating the lifting and lowering of qi in the middle.