To measure the levels of X ray radiation emitted from computer video display terminals Accumulative doses of X ray radiation emitted from the surface of terminal screen and radiation protcetive screen were measured by highly sensitive LiF(Mg,Cu,P) thermoluminescent dosimetry The average levels of X ray radiation emitted from the surface of terminal screen and radiation protective screen were 0 93 mR/d and 0 24 mR/d respectively [Conclusion]The low energy and low level X ray radiation emitted from the terminals didn′t exceed the related standards

Objective To perform thermoluminescent measurements of radial dose function and anisotropy function of a newly designed 192Ir microSelectron-HDR source, and establish evaluation methods for HDR dosimetry.Methods A polystyrene phantom with sylindrical holes in different measure positions was designed to accommodate thermo luminescent dosimeter (TLD) rods and radiation source.TLD rods with similar sensitivity were placed on a semicircle around the source center which had been precisely localized by either radiographic means or dose measurement.Dose-rates were measured at θ = 90° and r = 1-14 cm to calculate radial dose function (gL (r)), while measured along polar angles θ = 0° -165°(interval 15°) at radial distances r = 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm to calculate anisotropy function (F(r,θ)).All data were compared with those calculated by Monte Carlo (MC) method.The t-test was used for the statistics.Results The values of gL (r) were 1.007 -0.681 by calculation and 1.007 -0.598 by measurement with r = 1 - 14 cm(t = 0.00 - 2.89, all P > 0.05).The values of F (r,θ) were 0.631 - 1,0.660 - 1 and 0.696 - 1 by calculation, while 0.701 - 1, 0.668 - 1 and 0.629 - 1 by measurement at 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm with θ=0° -165°(t=0.40 -1.63, 0.02 -2.10, 0.08 -2.03, all P>0.05).Conclusions The results of radial dose function and anisotropy function measured by TLD measurement are in consistent with those calculated by MC calculations, which can be applied in treatment planning system as original input.

Objective To study the dose distribution of the radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds sources in the treatment of prostate cancer and also to explore the more effective method for improving treatment planning system (TPS).Methods Choose the designated TPS and use TLDs dosimeter based on a prostate cancer model.Finally stimulated measurement was focused on dose distribution in prostate cancer.The number of 125Ⅰ seed sources implanted was 89, each with 1.37 × 107 ( ± 5% ) Bq.Results Maximum dose of every layer ranged from 151 to 241 Gy, by 4.1% to 66.0% higher than the prescribed dose (145 Gy).The Minimum dose of every layer ranged from 101 to 128 Gy, by 12% to 30% higher than the prescribed dose.The maximum dose of normal tissue at 10 mm from the edge of model ranged from 46 to 91 Gy.The deviation was 44% -63% compared with the prescribed dose.Conclusions The designated TPS shows that it could be used as a practical guide for treatment of prostate cancer with the radioactive 125Ⅰ seed sources.The research methods offered by the study can provide evaluation of the TPS.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Diabetes,Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia(DHL) Knowledge Instrument in community diabetic patients.Methods A face-to-face interview was conducted among 513 patients with diabetes in the community from January to March 2016 by using the Chinese version of DHL Knowledge Instrument.Forty of them were randomly sampled and reinvestigated 4 weeks later.The analyses on Cronbach's α coefficient,test-retest reliability,content validity,discriminant validity and construct validity were performed to evaluate reliability and validity of the DHL Knowledge Instrument.Results The qualified questionnaires were collected from 488 participants,including 232 males and 256 females with a mean age of (66 ± 6)years.The overall scores of the Chinese version of DHL Knowledge Instrument was 67.7 ± 18.0 and the scores of diabetes,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,medications and general issues sub-scales were 82.0 ± 22.5,65.9 ± 25.2,38.2 ± 34.3,75.5 ± 20.8 and 72.1 ± 22.9,respectively.The standardized Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.849 and the test-retest reliability of the total scale was 0.706 (P ＜ 0.01).In term of content validity,the correlation coefficient was from 0.580 to 0.827 among total scale and sub-scales (P ＜ 0.01).In term of discriminant validity,the difference between the high and the low score group on total scale and sub-scales were significant (t value =-13.486 to-35.528,all P ＜ 0.01).In term of construct validity,based on exploratory factor analysis,the scale was revised.According to confirmatory factor analysis of revised scale,four factor model containing 20 items was well fitted (X2 =159.689,df =134,P =0.064);the GFI (goodness of fit index) =0.966,AGFI (adjusted goodness of fit index) =0.952,RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) =0.020.Conclusion The Chinese version of DHL Knowledge Instrument possesses good reliability and validity and is suitable to evaluate the knowledge of community diabetic patients,and the modified version may work better than the original one.

AIM To study the effect of Vit E on the MLCK activity and expression in the liver of atherosclerosis model rabbits. METHODS The MLCK activity of rabbit liver was measured by the method of ?- 32P incorporated and its expression was detected by immunofluorescent. RESULTS The model of atherosclerosis was estabilished. After rabbits were fed with cholesterol for four weeks and twelve weeks, the activity of MLCK increased markedly, and there was significantly statistical difference compared with the normal control (P0.05). MLCK expression increased after the rabbits was fed with cholesterol for four weeks, and this increase became more obvious had been the rabbits was fed with cholesterol for twelve weeks. The expression decreased when vitamin E had been added into the cholesterol fed. CONCLUSION The pathology of liver may be associated with the increase of the activity of MLCK. Vit E may reduce MLCK activity and protect hepatocyte from injury.

Aim To study the effect of melatonin on expression and activity of myosin light chain kinase in the artery wall of atherosclerotic rabbits.Methods The rabbit model of atherosclerosis was induced by a high-cholesterol diet.The blood lipid levels were assayed in the serum of each group.MLCK expression was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical method.MLCK activity was measured by ?-32P-ATP incorporation into myosin light chain.Results The atherosclerosis model was established successfully.The levels of lipids decreased after MLT treatment.After fed with cholesterol for twelve weeks,the expression and activity of MLCK in the artery of atherosclerotic rabbits increased markedly,whereas there was no obvious difference in expression of MLCK in the artery of atherosclerotic rabbits fed with cholesterol and melatonin for twelve weeks compared with that of control.Conclusions It was suggest that high expression and activity of MLCK in the artery might be closely correlated with the development of atherosclerosis.Melatonin played an important role in inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis by decreasing the expression and activity of MLCK.

Objective To systematically evaluate relevant guidelines on calories and 3 nutrients allocations during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus,and to compare the similarities and differences in recommendations between these guidelines.Methods Domestic and foreign guideline networks,websites of specialist associations related to diabetes,obstetrics and gynecology,as well as databases,were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2022.There were 2 appraisers who used the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research &Evaluation Ⅱ to evaluate the quality of guidelines and then used the content analysis method to synthesize the recommendations of each guideline and compare similarities and differences.Results This study included 18 guidelines with fair overall quality(10 with grade A,2 with grade B and 6 with grade C).The guidelines provided recommendations in 5 aspects of meal allocation,calories,carbohydrates,proteins,and fats,totaling 57 recommendations.While the recommendations for meal allocation were consistent across guidelines,there were significant differences in the recommendations for calories and the 3 major nutrients.Conclusion The recommendations regarding the distribution of calories and the 3 major nutrients mostly rely on expert consensuses,with low-quality evidence but mostly strong recommendations.These guidelines exhibit significant variations from one to another.Consequently,future studies with higher quality on the distribution of calories and 3 nutrients should be conducted,and high-quality evidence-based nutrition guidelines for gestational diabetes should be developed in China.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is an epithelial-specific transcription factor primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract that mediates growth arrest in the colonic epithelium. We tried to find whether KLF4 expression is associated with the progression and differentiation of colorectal cancer. METHODS: We detected KLF4 expression in 109 colorectal specimens (40 normal appearing mucosa, 7 adenomas, and 62 carcinomas) by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses were also performed. RESULTS: The upregulation of KLF4 expression in carcinoma tissue was statistically significant (p<0.05) when compared to normal appearing mucosa. The negative and weak positive staining rates in normal appearing mucosa, adenoma, and carcinoma were 42.5%, 71.4%, and 82.3%, respectively, indicating a decreased degree of KLF4 expression over the course of progressive transformation of normal cells into malignant derivatives. KLF4 protein levels showed no correlation with sex, age, or metastatic state (p>0.05), while KLF4 protein expression correlated with the diagnostic stage (p<0.05). Furthermore, strong KLF4 staining was detected in 22.9% (11/48) and 0% (0/14) of well/moderately and poorly differentiated colorectal cancers, respectively. Our results clearly indicate that KLF4 protein expression significantly correlates with the degree of differentiation in colorectal cancers (p<0.05). KLF4 expression in RKO cells is also upregulated by butyrate, an inducer of differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Downregulation of KLF4 expression may lead to more poorly differentiated tumors.
Adenoma ; Blotting, Western ; Butyrates ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelium ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; Mucous Membrane ; Transcription Factors ; Up-Regulation

Objective:To determine the effect of gastrodin(GAS)on toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)expression in mi-croglia after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.Methods:Hypoxia-ischemic brain damage(HIBD)model was established in neonatal rat in vivo.Thirty 3 d SD rats of were randomly divided into there groups:Sham group,HIBD model group,HIBD model+gastrodin intervention group(HIBD+G).Oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD)model was established in BV2 cells in vitro,Control group(Control),oxygen glucose deprivation group(OGD),OGD+gastrodin intervention group(OGD+G)were randomly set in vitro.Both Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining techniques were used to detect the expression of TLR4 in cells of each group in vitro and in the left corpus callosum region in vivo.Results:The expression of TLR4 was significantly increased in OGD-induced microglia.After gastrodin intervention,TLR4 expression was decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion:GAS can inhibit the expression of TLR4 in activated microglia and thus play a neuroprotective role in HIBD.

Misuse and abuse of veterinary antimicrobial agents have led to an alarming increase in bacterial resistance, clinical treatment failure, and drug residues. To address these problems, consistent and appropriate dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents are needed. Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) models have been widely used to establish rational dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents that can achieve effective prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases and avoid the development of bacterial resistance. This review introduces building methods for PK/PD models and describes current PK/PD research progress toward rational dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents. Finally, the challenges and prospects of PK/PD models in the design of dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents are reviewed. This review will help to increase awareness of PK/PD modeling among veterinarians and hopefully promote its development and future use.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacterial Infections ; Drug Residues ; Humans ; Treatment Failure ; Veterinarians