Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of related substances in enalapril maleate dispersible tablets.Methods:AKromasil100-SC8(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)columnwasused. ThemobilephaseAwas0.01mol·L-1potassi-um dihydrogen phosphate (adjusting pH to 2. 2 with phosphoric acid) and mobile phase B was acetonitrile with gradient elution,and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml· min-1 . The detection wavelength was 215nm,the column temperature was 40℃,and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results:The linear range of enalaprilat,enalapril maleate and eanlapril diketopiperazine was 14.64-43.92 μg·ml-1(r =0. 999 8), 9. 29-27. 87 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 1)and 10. 80-32. 40 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 5), respectively. Enalaprilat was not detec-ted out and enalapril diketone was 0. 2% using the method described in Chinese pharmacopeia, and the content of enalaprilat was 0. 1% and that of enalapril diketone was 0. 2% using the gradient elution. The related substances and enalapril maleate could be sepa-rated well. Conclusion:The method is sensitive, accurate and highly specific in the quality evaluation and control.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of gabapentin and the related substances in gabapentin capsules. Methods:A Kromasil C8 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm)was used. The mobile phase was methanol-0. 01 mol·L-1 po-tassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (adjusting pH to 6. 9 with 2 mol·L-1 potassium hydroxide) (40∶60). The detection wave-length was 210 nm. The column temperature was 40℃ and the injection volume was 20μl. The main component and the known impuri-ty were determined by an external standard method. The unknown impurities were determined by a self-control method. Results: The calibration curve of gabapentin was linear within the range of 2.5-20.0 mg·ml-1(r=0.999 9). The average sample recovery was 100. 74% with RSD of 0. 24%(n=5). Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate,specific and applicable in the determination of gabapentin and the related substances in gabapentin capsules.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the expressions of EZH2 and Ki-67 in the salivary adenoid cystic carcino-ma (SACC) of humans and their correlation. Methods:A total of 42 cases of SACC tumor tissues and 5 cases of normal tissues were considered to determine the expressions of EZH2 and Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry. The relationship and correlation of such expres-sions with the clinicopathological characteristics were also analyzed. Results:The expression of EZH2 was notably higher in SACC than in normal tissues (P<0.05). EZH2 expression was detected in 66.67%(28/42) of the tumor tissues. This expression was correlated with pathological grade and clinical stage. By contrast, EZH2 expression did not correlate with gender, age, and localization. EZH2 was not expressed in normal tissues. The incidence of EZH2 expression in the Ki-67 positive group was 75.76%(25/33) and the incidence in the Ki-67 negative group was 33.33%(3/9). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclu-sion:The increased expression of EZH2 in SACC was related to tumor proliferation. EZH2 may participate in tumor cell proliferation via cell cycle management.

Objective To study bacteria-blocking effect of surgical gowns with new material.Methods Semi-quantitative and qualitative testing methods were used to detect bacteria-blocking rates of key sites of surgical gowns(chest and forearm), the detected samples included sample A (composite material, unused), sample B (composite material, after washing 100 times), and sample C (monolayer material, unused).Results In semi-quantitative testing,the average bacteria-blocking rates of three samples were 75.47%, 70.78%, and 73.73% respectively.In qualitative testing,three samples could effectively block the penetration of Staphylococcus aureus under wet condition and Bacillus subtilis var.niger spores under dry condition.Conclusion In semi-quantitative testing, all three kinds of samples had bacteria-blocking effect, and the average bacteria-blocking rate was> 70%;in qualitative testing, three samples all meet requirements of bacteria-blocking effect under wet and dry condition.

Objective To analyze the relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness among population of different glucose tolerance status. Methods A cross-sectional study recruited the population aged 40 years or older from ShiJingShan district in Beijing. 9080 subjects were included by measured weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR) and WC/height ratio (WHtR) and hemodynamic indexes and the aortic stiffness (using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV). They were divided into 3 groups based on the results of OGTT and diabetes history: normal glucose tolerance group ( NGT group) ,impaired glucose regulation group ( IGR group) and diabetes mellitus group ( DM group) . The association between baPWV and different obese indexes was analyzed by multi-ple linear regression. Results According to the criterion of WC, WHR and WHtR, baPWV of central obesity group was significantly higher than the normal group(P<0. 01). There was no statistically significant differences based on BMI in DM group(P>0. 05), but it was of sta-tistically significant differences in NGT group and IGR group. Central obese indexes( WC、WHR、WHtR) showed a positive correlation to PWV in the studied groups(P<0. 05). BMI was only positively correlated with baPWV in NGT group, there was no significant correlation in IGR and DM group(P>0. 05). After adjusting for age, gender and cardiovascular risk factors, the multiple regression analysis found that for every 0. 1 point increase in WHR and WHtR, the PWV increased 40. 6 cm/s and 55. 3cm/s respectively. Conclusion There is a positive correlation between central obese indexes (WC、WHR、WHtR) and arterial stiffness, and the central obese indexes correlated with arterial stiffness better than BMI.

In order to standardize the management of fixed assets in basic medical research, and to solve the problem ofone equipment with more than one code , we discussed the fixed assets coding of instrument and equipment in this paper.The existing equipment classification of the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was analyzed.Depending on application of the experiment and the principle of equipment, the novel fixed assets encoding dictionary of instrument and equipment is generated, which fits in the application and development of basic medical research.The managers may find the corresponding code quickly with the standardized equipment name.The new encoding dictionary may facilitate the classification of basic medical experimental instruments, prevent multiple coding situations of equipment and improve the management.

Organic chemistry is an important foundation course for medicine, chemistry and other majors in universities and colleges. In this study, combined with the characteristics of pharmacy students in local colleges and universities, teachers introduced case teaching, enhanced curriculum connotation, and explored the integration of green chemistry concepts into the teaching process of organic chemistry, so as to cultivate pharmaceutical professionals with environmental protection concept and safety awareness. The practice shows that this teaching model not only improves students' attention to organic chemistry and learning efficiency, but also improves students' comprehensive quality.

BACKGROUNDTo study the relationship between human heparanase expression and biological factors regarding invasion, metastasis and prognosis of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSThe expression of heparanase was assessed in 122 paraffin-embedded specimens and 38 freshly-taken tissues by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. The relationship between heparanase expression and the clinicopathological factors was analyzed by Chi square test, multivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTSIn the immunoreactive cells, staining was mainly located in cytoplasma and membrane. Human heparanase was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues (78.7%, 96/122) while negative in epithelia of normal lung tissues. The level of heparanase was remarkably higher in NSCLC than that in normal tissues ( P = 0.043 ). Expression of heparanase significantly correlated with TNM stage ( P =0.025), lymphatic metastasis ( P =0.002) and vascular invasion ( P =0.000 3). The patients with positive heparanase expression had a significantly shorter survival than those with negative heparanase expression ( P =0.000 6). In multivariate analysis, only p-TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis and vascular invasion could be considered as prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONSHeparanase might play an important role in the development, invasion and metastasis of NSCLC. It is indicated that patients with positive heparanase expression would have a greater chance of metastasis and a poorer prognosis. However, heparanase expression is not an independent prognostic factor.

Objective:To investigate the influence of hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) on the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CDK) among nondiabetic patients.Methods:Prospective cohort study. At baseline, a total of 7 407 nondiabetic patients without a history of CKD from Pingguoyuan Community of the Shijingshan District in Beijing were included from December 2011 to August 2012, who were then divided into three groups according to the tertiles of their baseline HGI levels. The CKD incidence rate was compared among the different HGI groups at last follow-up. Cox multivariable regression was applied to evaluate whether HGI measures predicted CKD risk. Test for trend across tertiles were examined using ordinal values in separate models.Results:The mean age of the subjects was (56.4±7.5) years, and 4 933 (66.6%) were female. At mean follow-up of 3.23 years, 107 (1.4%) individuals developed CKD. The incidence of CKD was gradually increasing from the low to high HGI groups [1.1% (28/2 473) vs. 1.2% (31/2 564) vs. 2.0% (48/2 370), P=0.016]. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, after adjustment for potential confounders, the high HGI group had a 68.5% increased risk of CKD compared with the low HGI group ( HR=1.685, 95% CI 1.023 to 2.774). CKD risk increased with increasing HGI tertiles ( P for trend=0.028). Conclusion:High HGI is associated with an increased risk for CKD in the nondiabetic population, indicating that HGI may help identify individuals at high risk for CKD.

Nafamostat mesilate (NM), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, has anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. The intracellular mediator and external anti-inflammatory external signal in the vascular wall have been reported to protect endothelial cells, in part due to nitric oxide (NO) production. This study was designed to examine whether NM exhibit endothelium dependent vascular relaxation through Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and generation of NO. NM enhanced Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and aorta tissues obtained from rats treated with various concentrations of NM. NM concomitantly decreased arginase activity, which could increase the available arginine substrate for NO production. Moreover, we investigated whether NM increased NO bioavailability and decreased aortic relaxation response to an eNOS inhibitor in the aorta. These results suggest that NM increases NO generation via the Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, leading to endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. Therefore, the vasorelaxing action of NM may contribute to the regulation of cardiovascular function.
Animals ; Aorta ; Arginase ; Arginine ; Biological Availability ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Mesylates* ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Relaxation ; Serine Proteases ; Vasodilation*