OBJECTIVE:To probe into the economic reasons accountable for government's failure in compulsive drug pricing and put forward the countermeasure on how to strengthen the effect of compulsive pricing of the government.METHODS:Economic model was applied in the deduction and demonstration.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Government's failure in setting compulsive drug prices is rooted from the imperfect pricing system.To strengthen the effect of governmental drug pricing,it is necessary to establish some supporting measures such as to tighten control on drug recommenders,shift from governmental compulsive pricing to governmental authorization to avoid excessive competition,and give reasonable compensations for special drug manufacturers etc.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the reasons of false drug advertisement,and to suggest the countermeasures against it.METHODS:The reasons of false drug advertisement were analyzed by using the knowledge of law,governmental admin?istration and economy.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The countermeasures against false drug advertisement were suggested.Firstly,the regulations on defining false drug advertisement should be improved.The legal responsibilities should be specified and the punishment on the violators should be more severe.Secondly,the government should strengthen the law enforcement,and establish the credibility system and regulation for claim.Thirdly,the pharmaceutical enterprises should be self-disci?plined,and improve their professional credibility.Fourthly,the governmental departments of business administration should take a strict control on awarding advertisement license to the media.Last but not the least,the consumers should improve their common medical knowledge.

Objective To study the topoanatomy of anterior perineal plane and adjoining tissue structure in the preparation of ultra-low anterior resection of the rectum. Methods Dissection was performed on 16 male cadavers of semi-pelvis sectioned in the saggital plane. Eight indexes were measured and recorded. Results Anterior perineal plane was clearly found in all 16 cadavers. The median distance of rectum-urethra (R-U) was 14 mm (ranging 10 -17 mm). The contour of perineal body was trapezoid,which was narrow cranially and broad caudally. The median width of cranial perineal body was 8 mm (ranging 6 -9 mm), while the median width of caudal perineal body was 21 mm (ranging 18 -23 mm).The median numerus of thickness of perineal body (TPB), thickness of puborectalis (TPR), arrterior wall of rectum (aPR) -D, pPR-D and width of pelvic diaphragm (WPD) were 20. 5 mm ( ranging 17 - 23 mm),12 mm(ranging 10 -16 mm), 25 mm(ranging 21 -27 mm), 20 mm(ranging 16 -23 mm) and 8 mm (ranging 6 - 10 mm) respectively. Conclusions Anterior perineal plane clearly exists, through which about 20 mm more length of the distal rectum is available which could increase the sphincter-saving rate in cases of low rectal carcinoma.

Objective To study the relationship between health investment and economic growth in China.Methods An empirical study was conducted using threshold effect models and instrumental variable methods.Results Human capital investment in health sector can promote economic growth more than physical capital investment.Conclusion More human capital investment,such as the number of health personnel,should be added in the future health investment,and physical capital investment,such as the number of beds,should be controlled.The eastern region should increase health investment related to the elderly,which is more conducive to regional economic growth,while the central region should also increase health investment in physical capital such as the number of beds,while the western region should increase health investment in both aspects,which is more conducive to economic growth,because the economic development is relatively slow.