Objective: To enhance the safety of intravenous infusion and reduce the working strength of the nursing staff, a novel auto-switched intravenous infusion system was developed. Methods: The system was controlled by a low power consumption microchip. A signal was detected when the infusion was finished in one channel and then a cam mechanism was used to switch the infusion channel automatically under the supervision of the microchip. Results:A novel auto-switched intravenous infusion system was proposed and analyzed. The proposed concept is innovative, feasible and of functionality. Conclusion: The proposed auto-switched intravenous infusion system is cost effective and practical. It has potential applications and can benefit for improving current intravenous infusion situation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in early pregnancy and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to confirm the rationality of the new standard for GDM diagnosis in early pregnancy set by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG).Methods Clinical materials of 2761 pregnant women without diabetes mellitus,who accepted prenatal cares in Peking University First Hospital from April 1,2011 to December 31,2011,were collected and analyzed.The difference between FPG levels of GDM and non-GDM women was compared.According to the early pregnancy FPG level,the subjects were divided into group A (FPG＜5.1 mmol/L,n=2431) and B (FPG≥5.1 mmol/L,n=330).The incidence of GDM and pregnant outcomes of the two groups were compared with t or Chi-square test.Relationship between FPG and GDM was analyzed by Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve.Results (1) Among the 2761 subjects,515 were diagnosed as GDM (18.7％) and the early pregnancy FPG level in GDM group was significantly higher than that in non-GDM group [(4.84±0.46) mmol/L vs (4.57 ± 0.35) mmol/L,t =11.924,P =0.000].In early pregnancy,the risk of GDM increased by 7.984-fold (OR=8.984,95％CI:6.605-12.220) with every 1 mmol/L increase of the FPG level.(2) The diagnostic rate of GDM during mid-and last-trimester in group A (15.2％,370/2431) was lower than that of group B (43.9％,145/330),x2 =123.976,P =0.000.(3) Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of FPG in early pregnancy and diagnosis of GDM:The largest area under the curve was 0.718 (95％ CI:0.690-0.747).The sensitivity and specificity were 0.600 and 0.612,or 0.735 and 0.726 respectively,when 4.795 mmol/L or 4.785 mmol/L were set as the cut-off value.(4) Among the 1208 cases delivered,GDM was diagnosed in 227 cases.The cesarean section rate (54.2％,123/227) of GDM women was higher than that (39.2％,385/981) of non-GDM women (x2 =16.884,P=0.000).There were no differences in the incidences of macrosomia,neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,low birthweight infant,premature delivery,fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia between GDM and non-GDM group (all P＞0.05).The incidence of premature birth in GDM women with FPG＜ 5.1 mmol/L was lower (5.8％,10/173) than that (14.8％,8/54) of women with FPG≥5.1 mmol/L (x2=4.601,P＜0.05).The incidence of cesarean section,insulin administration,macrosomia and preeclampsia increased from low FPG group to high FPG group,however there was no statistical significances.Conclusions Diagnosing GDM with FPG≥5.1 mmol/L in early pregnancy is not recommended as over diagnosis might happen.But this cut-off value might indicate that the patient are at risk of GDM,and this population should not be ignored.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of minimally invasive treating proximal humeral fracture with PHILOS plate under acromial anterior lateral deltoid splitting approach.[Method]A retrospective analysis was done on 31 patients treated with minimally invasively with Philos plate under modified approach from April 2005 to March 2009.There were 17 males and 14 females,12 of them were injured in a traffic accident and 19 in daily life,with their ages ranging from 42 to 89 years.According to Neer classification,there were 5 cases of two-part fractures,11 cases of three-part fractures,and 15 cases of four part fractures.[Result]The postoperative radiographs verified good position of all screws,with satisfactory bone fracture reduction.Follow-up for 8-36 months(average 18.8 months) showed no necrosis of head of humerus and injury of axillary nerve and all patients gained bone union,supficial infection occurred in two patients but relieved by care.According to Neer scoring,the excellent to good result rate was 87.1%.[Conclusion]Philos plate for proxima humeral fracture using acromial anterior lateral deltoid splitting approach possesses such advantages as better individuation,less disturbance of the blood supply,stable fixation of the fracture.It is an new method to treat proximal humeral fractures.

Objective To evaluate the charateristics of CT and MR imaging of struma ovarii(SO).Methods 10 lesions of 10 pa-tients confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.6 cases were performed plain and enhanced CT scan and 4 were under-went MR before operation.Imaging features were analyzed retrospectively correlated with histological findings.Results All the SO tumors were appeared as solitary,well-defined,lobulated or oval masses.The largest diameter was less than 10 cm.Ascites were found in 4 cases.Six of SOs were solid-cystic and four were cystic.The cystic portion was low density or high density on CT images. High density cysts were shoewed in 4 cases.On MR images,the cystic portion was hypointenstiy on T1 WI and hypo/hyperintensity on T2 WI.Vacuum phenomenon (hypointenstiy on T1 WI and extremly hypointensity on T2 WI)was observed in 1 case.Solid compo-nent and cystic wall showed remarkable enhancement.Conclusion CT and MR images of SO can reflect its histopathologic charater-istics,which provides important value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SO.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical application of multi-modality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC).Methods:A total of 36 IBC patients were enrolled in the study.The morphological, hemodynamic and diffusion-weighted imaging features of MRI were analyzed. Eleven patients underwent MRI examination before and after NAT. The imaging changes were analyzed and the efficacy of NACT was evaluated.Results:There were 38 identified breast carcinoma in these 36 cases, among which abnormal skin thickening and enhancement, extensive edema was found in 37 breast lesions. Enhancement of breast lesions in 25 cases was non-mass-like enhancement. Diffusion limitation was found in all lesions. The number of vessels in affected side was more than that in healthy side in MIP images. Thirty three cases had axillary lymph node enlargement.The sensitivity and specificity of MRI in evaluating residual breast tumors and vascular thrombus were high, but the evaluation of axillary lymph nodes was relatively low.Conclusions:Multi-modal MRI can be used for early and accurate diagnosis of IBC. It can also be used to predict and evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The extramedulary fixation system including dynamic hip screw (DHS) is commonly used in treatment of Intertrochanteric fracture. However, in patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture, extramedulary fixation system often leads to the failure of fracture fixation. Intramedulary fixation system including both proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and InterTan nail has been widely used in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures. OBJECTIVE:To compare the therapeutic effects of extramedulary fixation system containing DHS, PFNA and InterTan nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. METHODS:Literatures were searched in Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, Medline, the Cochrane library to screen literatures published from January 1990 to November 2014. Relevant studies addressing extramedulary fixation system containing DHS, PFNA and InterTan nail were screened. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 346 articles were screened, and 13 of them were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. 1 271 patients with different types of intertrochanteric fracture were assessed in this study. Compared to DHS group, patients treated with PFNA and InterTan nail had shorter operation time and less blood loss. No significant difference in rehabilitation time and Harris score was detected among three kinds of fixation methods. Additionaly, PFNA and InterTan nail had a similar effect. These findings verify that compared with DHS, PFNA and InterTan nail can optimize the surgery, but cannot elevate postoperative outcomes.

Objective To test the effectiveness, reliability and acceptability of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-STO22 scale in gastric cancer patients in China. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight cases were collected in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University from September 2014 to April 2015. All the patients completed the EORTC QLQ-STO22 and EORTC QLQ-C30 scales and given the Zubrod-ECOG-WHO (ZPS) score. Karen Bach coefficient and Pearson correlation test were used for statistical analysis while using ZPS score to detect EORTC QLQ-STO22 in validity. After score was standardized, P<0.05 represented the difference had statistical significance. Results The Karen Bach coefficient was 0.607-0.830, confirming that the EORTC QLQ-STO22 scale had good reliability. A number of enhanced analysis showed that the scale had good convergent validity and divergent validity. In the same or similar dimension, EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-STO22 scales had good correlation and the correlation scores were higher than 0.400. The patients were divided into four groups according to ZPS score, with ZPS score increase, the overall quality of life scores were decreasing and entries associated with symptoms were increasing, showing difference between different groups(P<0.05). Conclusion The EORTC QLQ-STO22 scale shows high reliability and validity that can be used for assessing the quality of life of patients with advanced gastric cancer in China.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum vitamin B12 level and arsenic methylation and the risk of arsenic poisoning in the arsenic exposed population.Methods Three villages in Midu County,Dali City,Yunnan Province were investigated.Cross-sectional study was used to select 103 subjects.The population was divided into three groups according to drinking water arsenic exposure situation and whether arsenic poisoning patients:28 cases of control group (not exposed to high arsenic),30 cases of arsenic patient group and 45 cases of non patient group.Instant peripheral blood samples and urine samples were collected.The content of arsenic in urine was determined by hydride generation cold trap and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The levels of vitamin B12 in serum were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay.The urine arsenic and serum vitamin B12 contents in different groups were compared,the arsenic poisoning prevalence rate in people with different levels of serum vitamin B12 was investigated,and the correlation between serum vitamin B12 level and the metabolism of arsenic methylation was analyzed.Results The level of urinary inorganic arsenic (iAs),monomethylated arsenic (MMA) and dimethylated arsenic (DMA),total arsenic (tAs) were significantly different between groups (F =13.032,20.778,21.978,22.155,all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of urine arsenic in patients with arsenic exposure [(94.56 ± 107.62),(75.76 ± 54.31),(270.19 ± 185.10),(444.02 ± 323.28) μg/g Cr] and non patient with arsenic exposure [(40.05 ± 47.47),(45.11 ± 46.06),(183.91± 151.45),(270.84 ± 231.45) μg/g Cr] were significantly higher than those in control group [(7.58 ± 4.82),(4.27 ± 2.01),(26.89 ± 11.45),(38.91 ± 13.34) μg/g Cr,all P ＜ 0.05].The serum levels of vitamin B12 were significantly different between groups (F =6.650,P ＜ 0.05),patients exposed to arsenic [(366.05 ± 120.03) ng/L] was significantly lower than the control group [(533.70 ± 180.12) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05].There were significant differences in the detection rate of arsenic poisoning among different levels of serum vitamin B12 (x2=8.13,P ＜ 0.05),the lower dose of vitamin B12,the more serious the incidence of arsenic poisoning.The content of vitamin B12 was negatively correlated with MMA％ (r =-0.21,P ＜ 0.05),and positively correlated with SMR (r =0.21,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Low levels of vitamin B12 in serum may increase the risk of arsenic poisoning.

Objectives To study the correlations between stroke-preventive knowledge,health belief and health behaviors in community hypertensive patients.Methods The questionnaire of SPKQ,CHBMS and HPLPⅡwere used to take the investigation among 94 hypertensive patients from a community hospital in Guangzhou.Results The total score on SPKQ was 62.70±18.39 and the average scores on CHBMS and HPLPⅡwere 3.51±0.24 and 2.48±0.37,respectively.The stroke-preventive knowledge was positively correlated with health belief,health motivation and self-efficacy(r=0.289,P<0.01;r=0.246,P<0.05;r=0.350 (P<0.01,respectively).The health motivation was positively correlated with health behaviors(r=0.304,P<0.01)and the seriousness negatively correlated with health behaviors(r=-0.279,P<0.01).Conclusion Medical staff should provide much more stroke education with community hypertensive patients and promote patients’health motivation and self-efficacy of health belief in stroke prevention,help patients understand stroke seriousness,establish and sustain healthy lifestyles.

Objective:To study the transdermal characteristics of myrrh essential oil and its percutaneous penetration enhancement for ibuprofen. Methods:The content of ibuprofen was determined by HPLC. Ibuprofen was used as the model drug and mouse skin was used as the permeation barrier in vitro. The transdermal properties of myrrh essential oil and its effect on percutaneous absorption of ibuprofen were investigated using Franz diffusion cells. Results:Without myrrh essential oil or with 1%, 2% and 3% myrrh essential oil, the cumulative transdermal penetration amount in 12h of ibuprofen in vitro was (0. 427 05 ± 0. 069 82), (0. 315 04 ± 0. 032 24), (0.230 50 ±0.031 14) and (0.181 34 ±0.053 70) mg·cm-2, with Jss of(0.031 4 ±0.005 7), (0.020 8 ±0.002 8), (0.017 2 ±0.001 6) and (0.013 9 ±0.003 4) mg·(cm2·h) -1, respectively. Conclusion: Myrrh essential oil shows no transdermal en-hancement for ibuprofen in vitro, to the contrary, it shows inhibitory effect with positive correlation to the concentration.