OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of post-operative pain following coblation tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and explore the correlation between the first day post-operative pain scores and age and operating time. METHOD: 1) A total of 113 SDB children scheduled to undergo coblation tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were recruited. 113 children were divided into two groups according to the method of operation, children who underwent coblation tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were enrolled in study group one and children who underwent coblation adenoidectomy only were in study group two. Be sides, children of study group one with a history of chronic tonsillitis were in chronic tonsillitis group, children without a history of chronic tonsillitis were in non-chronic tonsillitis group. 2) The parents scored pain in their children on a VAS (anchored by "no pain" at 0 and "worst pain" at 10) in the morning, before using any analgesics and having breakfast, over the first 3 and the seventh post-operative days. 3) Post-operative pain scores were compared between both the study group one and two and chronic tonsillitis group and non-chronic tonsillitis group. Futhermore, the correlation between the first day post-operative pain scores and age and operating time were also analysed. RESULT: 1) The difference of post-operative pain scores over the first 3 and the seventh post-operative days were significant between the study group one and group two (P<0.05). 2) Non-chronic tonsillitis group were significantly less painful than chronic tonsillitis group on day 1, day 2 and day 7 (z=-2.004, -2.059, -2.334, P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in pain levels on day 3 (P>0.05). 3) The first day post-operative pain scores was correlated with age (r=0.273, P<0.01) and operating time (r=0.423, P<0.01). CONCLUSION The first day post-operative pain scores was correlated with age and operating time. Children with a history of chronic tonsillitis were more painful than children without the history.
Adenoidectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; etiology ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; surgery ; Tonsillectomy ; adverse effects ; methods

Objective:To optimize the clinical nursing pathway, service program and evaluation parameters of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI), for references for the cost accounting and compensation mechanism of nursing program in public hospitals.Methods:After literature analysis and group discussion, the initial templates were constructed for the PCI clinical nursing pathway, nursing service projects, and their evaluation parameters. 15 experts were consulted by two rounds of Delphi method to optimize PCI nursing path, nursing service items and their evaluation parameters (basic labor consumption, basic time consumption, technical difficulty and risk degree).Results:Two rounds of Delphi method finally determined the PCI clinical nursing path and 27 nursing service items, and adjusted the evaluation parameters of 10 nursing service items. The new projects for PCI clinical nursing services included adjustment and review of dual antiplatelet therapy plans, postoperative rehabilitation nursing, and key project verification. The three nursing service projects with the highest level of technical difficulty and risk were intravenous blood transfusion, gastric catheterization, and gastrointestinal decompression. The two items with the highest importance assigned were high pump assisted arterial/venous infusion (blood) and invasive continuous arterial blood pressure monitoring.Conclusions:The PCI clinical nursing pathway and nursing service project constructed in this study could closely integrate with clinical practice, highlight the integrated nursing service model, and reflect the labor value of nurses.

Objective To investigatethe significance of serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125,car cinoembryonic antigen (CEA),cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1),neuron-specific enolase (NSE),and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) in the diagnosis of bone metastasis from lung cancer.Methods A total of 222 patients,including 91 lung cancer patients with bone metastasis (49 males,42 females,average age (60.07± 10.60) years;group A),75 lung cancerpatientswithout bone metastasis (57 males,18 females,average age (62.20± 12.63) years;group B),56 patients with benign lung diseases (34 males,22 females,average age (61.45± 10.66) years;group C) were recruited from January 2015 to January 2016.The electrochemiluminescence was applied to detect serum levels of CA125,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE and SCCA.Kruskal-Wallis,Wilcoxon rank sum test,x2 test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to analyze data.Results The levels of serum CA125,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE in group A were higher than those in group B and C (H values:13.45-44.96,all P＜0.05);while SCCA was not significantly different among the 3 groups (H=2.56,P＞0.05).The areas under ROC curves for CA125,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE,SCCA were 0.667,0.702,0.602,0.664,0.440,respectively.The positive rate of serum NSE in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients was higher than that in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (17/18 vs 32.88％ (24/73);x2=22.11,P＜0.05);CEA was highly expressed in adenocarcinoma,and SCCA was highly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma.Patients with grade Ⅲ+ Ⅳ metas tasis (n =52) had higher levels of CA 125,CEA,NSE compared to patients with Ⅰ + Ⅱ metastasis (n =39;z values:from-2.54 to-0.32,all P＜0.05).The sensitivity of combined detection of 5 tumor markers was 97.80％ (89/91),which was significantly higher than that of single tumor marker (x2 values:35.46-138.23,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum levels of CA125,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE and SCCA play a role in the diagnosis of bone metastasis from lung cancer,and the combined detection of the 5 tumor markers contribute to the early detection of bone metastases.

Senile macular degeneration（SMD） is a degenerative disease of the macular region of the eye that causes visual impairment in older people worldwide. It is the focus and difficulty of the treatment of ophthalmic diseases at home and abroad. This paper reviewed traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） active ingredients for the treatment and prevention of SMD， and its new ocular delivery preparations. Studies have shown that many active ingredients of TCM can inhibit the progression of SMD through various ways such as anti-oxidation， solid lipid nanoparticles， microemulsions/nanoemulsions， in-situ gel， etc. However， due to the low solubility， chemical instability and difficulty in overcoming the eye barrier of most TCM active ingredients， their clinical application in the treatment of SMD is seriously hindered. New preparations， such as liposomes， solid lipid nanoparticles， microemulsion/nanoemulsion， in situ gels， have good application prospects in ocular drug delivery.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Shugan Heluo Xingpi Decoction on CCl 4 -induced liver fibrosis in rats, and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Sixty male SPF Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups: blank control, model, positive control, high, medium or low dose groups of Shugan Heluo Xingpi Decoction ( n =10 per group). The liver fibrosis rat model was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 40% CCl 4 oil solution. Rats in the blank control and model groups were administered 10 mL/kg normal saline by gavage, rats in the positive control group were administered 50 mg/kg silibinin meglumine by gavage, while rats in high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups of Shugan Heluo Xingpi Decoction were administered 12.42 g/kg, 6.21 g/kg and 3.11 g/kg (crude drug/body weight) by gavage, respectively, daily for 8 weeks. Rats was sacrificed after 8 weeks, during which the physiological status of rats in each group was dynamically monitored. Following sacrifice, serum was collected to detect HYP using alkaline hydrolysis colorimetry and the expression levels of AST, ALT, total protein (TP), and Alb using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The pathological morphological changes in the liver were detected by H & E staining and Masson staining, and the mRNA and protein levels of Wnt1, β-Catenin and Cyclin D1 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western Blot. Measurement data were compared across groups using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc LSD- t test. Results Compared with the model group, after silibinin meglumine and Shugan Heluo Xingpi Decoction intervention, the physiological status of rats was significantly improved; serum levels of HYP, ALT, AST and Glo were significantly decreased, while serum levels of TP, Alb and A/G were significantly increased (all P < 0.05). Compared with the positive control group, serum levels of ALT and AST were significantly increased (all P < 0.05), while the levels of TP, Alb and A/G were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05) in low-dose group of Shugan Heluo Xingpi Decoction. H&E staining showed mild portal vein fibrosis with a few fibrous septa and mild steatosis of hepatocytes in the positive control group, obvious portal vein fibrosis with a few fiber septum in the low dose group, a few portal vein fibrosis in the medium dose group, while no obvious abnormality in the high dose group of Shugan Heluo Xingpi Decoction. Masson staining revealed that the therapeutic effect of high dose group of Shugan Heluo Xingpi Decoction on collagen deposition was superior to silibinin meglumine and medium and low dose of Shugan Heluo Xingpi Decoction (all P < 0.05), and was generally equivalent to high dose of Shugan Heluo Xingpi Decoction. Silibinin meglumine and medium and high doses of Shugan Heluo Xingpi Decoction inhibited more significantly the mRNA and protein expression of Wnt1, β-catenin and Cyclin D1 (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Shugan Heluo Xingpi Decoction shows anti-hepatic fibrosis effect, with a greater effect at higher doses. Regulating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway may be one of the underlying molecular mechanisms.