Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients in Tibet.Methods:A total of 239 patients with DR who received treatment in Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region from December 2017 to December 2018 were included in this study. They were divided into Han nationality and Zang nationality groups according to ethnicity. The condition of DR was evaluated with nonmydriatic ocular fundus photography according to the staging criteria of the severity of retinopathy.Results:The prevalence of DR in Tibet was 18.0％. The prevalence of DR in Tibetan and Han patients with diabetes was 17.5% and 19.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of DR between Tibetan and Han patients with diabetes ( χ2 = 0.10, P = 0.754). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of developing DR in Tibet included diabetes duration ( OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05-1.24, P < 0.05), insulin therapy ( OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.09-6.89, P < 0.05), fasting plasma glucose ( OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.07-1.75, P < 0.05) and hypertension ( OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.02-3.86, P < 0.05). Diabetes duration and fasting plasma glucose are independent risk factors of DR. However, although elevated glycated hemoglobin levels were high in Tibet, they could not be used to predict the risk for developing DR ( OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.82-1.25, P > 0.05). Conclusion:Hyperglycemia is an important risk factor of developing DR in Tibet. However, elevated glycated hemoglobin levels cannot be used to predict the risk of developing DR in Tibet. Findings from this study fill the gap in the research on DR prevalence and ethic difference of DR prevalence, providing scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of DR in high-altitude areas.

Objective : To investigate the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism of PPARG rs2290449 and the efficacy of combination therapy in sepsis patients with MODS． Methods : 382 cases of sepsis with MODS were selected and divided into the effective group and the ineffective group，and a case-control study was conducted．PCR-RFLP and Sequenom MassARRAY were used to detect the genotype and allele frequencies of the loci． Unconditional Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) to evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy for sepsis with MODS in patients with different genotypes. Results: There were G and A alleles in PPARG rs2290449 locus，GG、GA and AA genotype．Non-conditional Logis- tic regression analysis showed that compared with the GG genotype group，the GA genotype group had a significant correlation with the efficacy of combination therapy for sepsis with MODS ( OR = 0. 449，95% CI = 0. 280－0. 722，P = 0. 001) ．In the dominant model，there was a significant correlation between the GA + AA genotype and the effi- cacy of combination therapy compared with the GG genotype ( OR = 2. 104，95% CI = 1. 332－3. 321，P = 0. 001) . After adjusting for confounding factors，unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the GG genotype，the GA + AA genotype was significantly correlated with the efficacy of combination therapy in sepsis pa- tients with MODS ( OR = 2. 307，95% CI = 1. 438 －3. 701，P = 0. 001 ) ．Stratified analysis showed that compared with the population carrying GG genotype，the population carrying GA + AA genotype was significantly correlated with the efficacy of combination therapy in sepsis with MODS in the stratified analysis of age，gender and ethnicity. Conclusion PPARG rs2290449 single nucleotide polymorphism is significantly correlated with the efficacy of com- bination therapy in sepsis patients with MODS in Yanbian area.

OBJECTIVE To improve the diagnosis and treatment level of critically ill infectious diseases， standardize the clinical application of nanopore sequencing and promote the sound development of the technology. METHODS Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Chinese Pharmacological Society and Expert Committee of Precision Medicine for Clinical Treatment of Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association initiated and organized multidisciplinary experts to discuss and determine the consensus writing outline by using the nominal group method， forming a preliminary consensus draft； expert consultation was performed by using Delphi method， and then experts’ opinions were analyzed and revised to form consensus. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Consensuses of Experts on the Application of Nanopore Sequencing Technology in the Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms covers targeted sequencing， metagenomic sequencing and whole genome sequencing， and is standardized in terms of sample collection and storage， detection process， bioinformatics analysis and report interpretation； the recommendations are provided for the key issues.