Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates in People’s Hospital of Qingyang during 2014 to provide evidence for rational antimicrobial therapy.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated and identified by routine methods and tested by disk diffusion method and E-test for antimicrobial susceptibility. The data were analyzed according to CLSI breakpoints using WHONET 5.6 software.Results Of the 2 121 nonduplicate strains isolated from January through December 2014, 1 565 (73.8%) were gram-negative and 556 (26.2%) were gram-positive strains. The top ifve pathogens wereE. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, S. aureusand P. aeruginosa. The prevalence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase negativeStaphylococcus (MRCNS) was 44.6% and 15.4%, respectively.E. coli was the most common gram-negative bacterial species, whileS. aureus was the most common gram-positive bacteria species. Gram-positive bacteria were still highly susceptible to vancomycin, and gram-negative bacteria (such as Enterobacteriaceae) were still highly susceptible to carbapenems.ConclusionsE. coli is the most prevalent pathogen isolated from inpatients in this hospital during 2014. The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains is the highest inE. coli isolates. The pathogenic bacteria in this hospital showed increasing resistance to a variety of antibacterial agents. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance and effective control measures are necessary to control the growing antimicrobial resistance.

Objective To detect serum levels of thyroid hormones in patients with thyroid nodules (TN), and investi-gate their relationship with the nature of TN. Methods A total of 245 patients with TN were recruited in the study. Accord-ing to levels of thyroid antibodies and postoperative pathological results, all patients were divided into nodular goiter (NG) group, thyroid adenoma (TA) group and thyroid cancer (TC) group. TC group was further classified as the TC with increased level of thyroid antibodies (TC-AB+group) and the TC with normal level of thyroid antibodies (TC-AB-group). The serum levels of free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were detected for all patients before operation, and differences of thyroid hormones were analyzed between different groups. Results The serum level of TSH was signifi-cantly higher in TC group than that of NG group and TA group (P<0.05). The serum level of FT3 was significantly lower in TC-AB+group than that of NG group and TC-AB-group. The serum level of FT4 was significantly lower in TC-AB+group than that of NG group, and the serum TSH level was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The increased serum levels of TSH were found in some patients with TC, which may partly attribute to their coexistence with autoimmune thyroiditis and subsequent hypothyroidism. The increased serum TSH level may not be the inherent characteris-tics of TC.

To investigate the neurotoxic effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp120 on cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG)neurons in vitro, dissociated and organotypic mouse embryo's DRG cell culture models were established. Both dissociated and organotypic DRG cultures were treated with HIV gp120 in different concentration (250 pmol/L and 1 nmol/L, respectively, 2 times/7 days). For dissociated DRG cultural cells, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunofluorescent labeling was processed for observing the changes of neuronal cell body and neurites. The change of the ultrastructure in the organotypic cultured DRG was observed by electron microscopy.The difference of the number and length of neurites between the control group and HIV gp120 treated groups were significant (P＜0.001),whereas there was no significant difference in the diameter of neurons between them (P＞0.05). The ultrastructural changes included the decrease or loss of cristae in mitochondria and accumulation of many high densed particles between the microtubules and the neurofilaments by using both the concentrations of HIV gp120 treatment. The present results indicate that HIV gp120 had a directly neurotoxic effect on the cultured DRG neurons, especially more sensitive to mitochondria.

OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of Mahuang xixin fuzi decoction on Toll-like receptors （TLRs）response and cytochrome C oxidase （Cyt-CO）-mediated apoptosis regulation in mice with influenza disease of kidney-yang deficiency. METHODS：Totally 48 male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into normal group （n＝12）and modeling group （n＝36）. The modeling group was intraperitoneally injected with estradiol benzoate solution （8 mg/kg）and intranasally injected with influenza virus H 1N1（20 μL/mice）to establish the influenza disease compound model of kidney-yang deficiency. After modeling ，the mice were randomly divided into model group ，positive drug group （Oseltamivir phosphate capsules ，0.195 g/kg），Mahuang xixin fuzi decoction group （1.802 g/kg，by crude dru g），with 12 mice in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine intragastrically，normal group and model group were given， corresponding volume of normal saline intragastrically 20 mL/kg，once a day ，for consecutive 6 days. During admi-nistration，body weight and anal temperature of mice were mail：xsy407861520@163.com measured daily ；the percentage of initial body weight was calculated. After last medication ，the organ （spleen，thymus and lung ）indexes were calculated ；the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed. The viral load of influenza A virus H 1N1 in lung tissue was detected （reflected by M gene mRNA expression）；mRNA expressions of TLR3，TLR7，myeloid differentiation factor （MyD88）and Caspase- 3 in cardiac tissue as well as the activity of Cyt-CO and the content of cytochrome C （Cyt-C）were also determined. RESULTS ：Compared with normal group，initial body weight percentage and anal temperature of the model group continued to decrease （P＜0.05）；the spleen and thymus indexes were decreased significantly （P＜0.05），while lung index was increased significantly （P＜0.05）；the lung tissue lesions were serious. Viral load in lung tissue ，mRNA expressions of TLR 3，TLR7，MyD88 and Caspase- 3 in cardiac tissue as well as the content of Cyt-C were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while the activity of Cyt-CO in cardiac tissue was significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，initial body weight percentage and anal temperature of mice in Mahuang xixin fuzi decoction group showed an increasing trend from the fourth day of administration （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The spleen and thymus indexes were increased significantly （P＜0.05），while the lung index was significantly decreased （P＜0.05）；the pathological injury of lung tissue was significantly improved ；viral load in lung tissue ，mRNA expressions of TLR 3 and Caspase- 3 as well as the content of Cyt-C in cardiac tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while the activity of Cyt-CO was increased significantly in cardiac tissue （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Mahuang xixin fuzi decoction can improve influenza disease of kidney-yang deficiency in mice ，the effect may related to inhibit TLRs response and apoptosis regulation pathway mediated by Cyt-CO.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of HMGB1 gene on the growth of human epithelial ovarian cancer xenografts in nude mice, and to lay a foundation for finding new targets for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Methods: Human epithelial ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in logarithmic growth phase were selected to establish a human epithelial ovarian cancer xenograft model in nude mice. Nude mice with successful model establishment were randomly divided into control group and HMGB1-siRNA group. On the 7th, 9th, 11th, 14th, and 16th days after cell inoculation, the same amount of saline and HMGB1-siRNA were respectively injected into two groups of mice under the armpit.After 3 weeks, the nude mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the tumor tissues were separated, and the volume of the tumor was measured. The apoptosis of transplanted tumor cells was detected by Tunnel staining. The expressions of HMGB1, STAT3 and p-STAT3 were detected by Western blotting. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factorA(VEGF-A) and microvascularization were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the control group, the growth of tumor volume slowed down in HMGB1 siRNA group, and on the 21st day, the tumor volume of HMGB1-siRNA group was significantly smaller than that of the control group (P<0.05). HMGB1-siRNA successfully knocked down the expression of HMGB1 mRNA in transplanted tumor tissue. The apoptosis rate of tissue cells in HMGB1-siRNA group was significantly increased ([34±8]% vs [6±2]%, P=0.04), and the expressions of HMGB1 and p-STAT3 were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF-Aand the number of microvessels were significantly lower than those of the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Knockdown of HMGB1 gene reduces the expression of VEGF-A and microvessel formation possibly by inhibiting the HMGB1/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby promoting the apoptosis of tumor tissues and slowing the growth of xenografts.