OBJECTlVE To establish a real-time cell analysis system ( RTCA) for early drug car-diotoxicity evaluation. METHODS An in vitro drug cardiotoxicity evaluation method was established using RTCA Cardio system and primary cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats. The beating rate, am-plitude and beating rhythm irregularity ( BRl ) of cardiomyocytes were observered after antiarrhythmic drugs, such as quinidine and lidocaine were added, to assess the effect of the above method on cardio-toxicity evaluation. RESULTS RTCA Cardo E-Plate 96 was inoculated with primary cultured cardiomyo-cytes that began to beat after 24 h and beat regularly after 48 h. The stable beating was maintained for a minimum of three days. The beating of cardiomyocytes decreased rapidly from 155±5 to 0 after incuba-tion with quinidine. The beating recovered gradually after 6 h. Quinidine at 3.1μmol·L-1 caused the beat-ing rate to return to 124±16. Quinidine allowed the beating rate to return to normal when the concentra-tion was less than 100.0μmol·L-1 . The beating rate, amplitude and BRl of cardiomyocytes changed in a concentration-dependent manner when incubating with lidocaine. The higher the concentration, the more significant the inhibition of lidocaine on cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSlON The cardiotoxicity of quinidine and lidocaine can be detected accurately using RTCA Cardio system, suggesting that this system can be used in early evaluation of drug cardiotoxicity.

Aim To establish an in vitro early drug cardiac tox-icity evaluation method by human embryonic stem cells derived cardiomyocytes ( hESC-CM) and real-time cell analysis Cardio (RTCA Cardio) system. Method The hESC-CM were cultured at RTCA Cardio E-Plate 96. Impedance signals from hESC-CM were analyzed for beating rate, contraction amplitude and beating rhythm irregularity to determine the optimum inoculation density and detection duration. Based on this, we used 0. 1 % DMSO to be the solvent and quinidine (0. 2, 0. 78, 3. 13, 12. 5, 50 and 100 μmol·L - 1 ) known as affecting cardiac activity to validate this method. Result The results revealed no significant changes in the cell index (CI), transient pulse patterns, beating rate and amplitude of hESC-CM. Quinidine will affect the CI and transi-ent pulse patterns of hESC-CM and decrease the beating rate and amplitude of hESC-CM when its concentration ≥3. 13 μmol · L - 1 . And this effect is concentration-dependent, the higher the concentration,the more time they need to recover beating and the more significant the beating rate and amplitude inhibition of quinidine on hESC-CM. Conclusion The method established by hESC-CM and RTCA Cardio system can detect the effect of quinidine on the contraction of hESC-CM, and this indicates that this method has the potential to be an attractive high-throughput tool for screening potential drugs in early evaluation of drug car-diotoxicity.

Objective To investigate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and the changes of serum adiponectin (APN) level in elderly men.Methods A total of 240 elderly men was enrolled in this study.Measurement of BMD of lumbar spine with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed.All subjects were divided into three groups (normal,osteopenia,and osteoporosis) according to the T value of BMD.Serum APN level was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),meanwhile were recorded as bone lurnover markers.Results (1) The level of serum APN in osteopenia group was lower than in normal group,the level of serum APN in osteoporosis group was significantly lower than in osteopenia group,while the level of serum APN in osteoporosis group was significantly lower than in normal group (all P ＜ 0.05).(2) Serum APN was positively correlated with T value of BMD (r =0.475,P ＜0.01).(3) The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed serum APN,25-hydroxyvitamin D,β-isomerized carboxyterminal propeptide (β-CTX),and osteocalcin could enter into the equation.Conclusions Serum APN might play an important role in pathogenesis of osteoporosis in elderly men.

AIM: In order to search carrier material and better tissue culture method, the morphology and structure of the cultured cat corneal endothelium was observed. METHODS: The cat corneal endothelial cells were seeded on the Descemet's membrane of the dehydrated swine corneal stroma, and then cultured in the medium with epidermal growth factor and laminin for 7 days. The morphology and structure of reconstructed tissue was tested by the inverted microscope and the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: As shown by the morphological observations, the cultured cat corneal endothelial cells formed an integrated membrane, and attached to the Descemet's membrane, which was similar to the nature tissue. The cells connected tightly to each other, and some of them arranged in hexagon approximately. CONCLUSION: The cat corneal endothelial cells could be rebuilt on the carrier of the dehydrated swine corneal stroma successfully, which is similar to the nature tissue.

0.05). (2) In the total 12 rabbits, all the cornea grafts survived without rejection reaction, corneal haze or corneal neovascularization. The fresh grafts got transparent after 2 months, and the dehydrated grafts got transparent after 6 months. Histological study demonstrated both fresh and dehydrated stroma grafts had fused with rabbits'corneal stroma very well without lymphocytes infiltrating. (3) As shown in histological observations, the reconstructed cat corneal endothelial tissue was similar to the nature tissue. Cultured cat endothelial cells connected tightly to each other and attached to the Descemet's membrane closely. CONCLUSION: Swine corneal stroma has low immunogenicity and satisfying biocompatibility,it is an ideal biological carrier for cornea reconstruction in vitro.

Objective To discuss the effect of the teaching mode of technological pedagogical and content knowledge in biochemistry theory teaching. Methods 400 students in 8 classes of clinical medicine undergraduate in Grade 2013 were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The traditional teaching mode was applied in the control group of 198 students in 1-4 classes, while the technological pedagogical and content knowledge teaching mode was applied in the experimental group of 202 students in 5-8 classes. 385 students in 8 classes of clinical medical undergraduates in Grade 2014 were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group of 189 students in 1-4 classes adopted the traditional teaching mode, while the experimental group of 196 students in 5-8 classes adopted the technological pedagogical and content knowledge teaching mode, which used the micro-lesson and network platform as learning resource superior to the flipped classroom. Flipped classroom was divided into two major learning links:extracurricular self-study and class digestion. Through the network platform the micro-lesson was presented to the learners. Learners could make self-study according to their own specific circumstances and in the classroom many activities were increased such as the mutual cooperation between the students, the students' PPT teaching, the students' questions and the discussion, and the interaction between teachers and students, etc. The results of the examinations of the two terms students of the same profession and the questionnaire were analyzed. The related data were processed by SPSS 15.0, and the data between groups were compared by t test . Results The test scores analysis showed that the individual test scores in experimental group of Grade 2013 were [(17.94±2.02) vs. (12.28±4.17)], and the individual test scores in experimental group of Grade 2014 were [(18.21 ±1.78) vs. (12.45 ±5.13)], which were obviously higher than the control group, and there was statistical significance. The final exam scores in experimental group of Grade 2013 were [(78.28±11.18) vs. (68.65±12.51)], and the final exam scores in experimental group of Grade 2014 were [(81.73 ±9.12) vs. (74.41 ±11.87)], which were obviously higher than the control group, and there was statistical significance. The results of survey showed that the students thought the teaching mode aroused their study interests while 393 (93.7%), thought the teaching mode developed their self-study ability while 357 (89.7%), thought the teaching mode beneficial to cultivating their ability of solving the problems. Conclusion The teaching mode of technological pedagogical and content knowledge is of certain signifi-cance to break the plight of the traditional teaching, inspire the students interest in learning, improve the teaching quality of biochemistry, and make for the teachers' professional development.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of arsenic and copper in Chinese patent medicines.Methods Digested by microwave,the content of arsenic in Liuwei Dihuang Pill (prepared with water and honey) was measured by sequence flowing injection-hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry and content of copper by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Effects of factors,including digestion temperature,smashing granularity of samples,proportion of digestive ingredients,volume of digestive agents,digestion procedure and digestion time,on the content determination were studied.Results Recoveries of arsenic and copper were 100.8%～114.3%and 94.4%～110.2%respectively under optimum conditions.Conclusion This method is simple and effective for the content determination of heavy mental in Chinese patent medicines.

Objective To investigate the impact of simvastatin on blood lipid and the incidence of atrial fibrillation and ischemic-related events in patients with acute myocardial infarction accompanied by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Methods One hundred and three patients with acute myocardial infarction and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were selected as subjects, and were divided into a simvastatin group and a control group. Forty-five patients were in the simvastatin group, who took simvastatin 20mg/d orally for 18 months; fifty-eight patients were in the control group, and received conventional therapy except for statins. All patients were followed up for 18months. The level of blood lipid, recurrence rate of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, incidence rate of persistent or permanent atrial lipids did not change significantly in the control group (P＞0.05); concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein five patients during 18 months follow-up in the simvastatin group (11.1%), whereas it occurred in 14 patients of the control group(24.1%, P＜0.05); the occurrence rate of persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation in the simvastatin group was 4.4%, which was lower than (6.6%), two rehospitalizations for deterioration of coronary heart diseases (4.4%), three cardiac deaths (6.6%), and one cerebral stroke (2.2%), which was lower evidently than in the control group (41.4%, P＜0.05). Conclusions Simvastatin can not only decrease the levels of serum TC and LDL-C but also prevent the occurrence of atrial fibrillation and ischemic-related events.

Objective To find out present condition and differences in implementation of clinical pathways in hospitals of in China.Methods "Clinical pathway" was entered as a keyword to search in PubMed NCBI Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database for related literatures in China from 1999 to 2009,analyzing the general implementations of clinical pathways in hospitals in different areas using the SPSS12.0 software.Results A total of 1051 relevant literatures were found.Through data analysis of these literature,differences of implementation of clinical pathways were found for 162 hospitals of different areas.It was found that the differences of total diseases among China's East,West and Central areas are significant statically.Diseases of implementation per hospital in the Central average 16.8,those in the East 8 types,while those for the West 4.4.Tertiary hospitals account for 70% as the main force of clinical pathway implementation,with diseases of implementation up to 13.7,while that under tertiary level down to 2.8.Conclusions Implementation of clinical pathways varies significantly among hospitals in different areas in China.In the process of implementing clinical pathway,appropriate management strategies should be developed according to actual situation in different hospitals in light of policies,hospital management and patient considerations.

Implementation of clinical pathways has a natural tie with payment modes of medical insurance,as various payment modes apply different impacts on clinical pathway.This article compared the strengths and weaknesses of various payment modes,and analyzed their impacts on clinical pathway.This way the authors provide references for decision makers of medical insurance policy.