Objective:To explore the effect of rapamycin on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+ )-induced activation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in microglia.Methods:The BV2 microglia cells were divided into control group, model group and rapamycin group.The model group and rapamycin group were treated by MPP+ to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, and rapamycin group was pretreated with rapamycin.Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and caspase-1.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Western blot was carried out to assess the protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3).Results:The mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in model group were higher than those in control group ( t=4.825, 3.015, 5.853, all P<0.05). The mRNA levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in rapamycin group were lower than those in model group ( t=2.75, 2.89, both P<0.05). In model group, the protein expressions of NLRP3 (1.54±0.22), ASC (1.02±0.13) and caspase-1 (1.42±0.30) were higher than NLRP3 (0.66±0.15), ASC (0.41±0.14) and caspase-1 (0.70±0.10) in control group ( t=5.653, 5.602, 3.964, all P<0.01), while the protein expression of beclin1 (0.28±0.09) and LC3II/LC3I ratio(0.69±0.14) were lower than beclin1 (0.60±0.11) and LC3II/LC3I (1.29±0.23) in control group ( t=4.010, 3.982, both P<0.01). The protein expressions of NLRP3 (0.80±0.18) and ASC (0.68±0.14) in rapamycin group were lower than those in model group ( t=4.413, 3.077, both P<0.05), while the protein expression of beclin1 (0.65±0.20) and LC3II/LC3I ratio(1.42±0.36) were higher than those in model group ( t=2.965, 3.278, both P<0.05). Conclusion:MPP+ activates NLRP3 inflammasome and impairs autophagic function in microglia.Rapamycin inhibits MPP+ -induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by restoring autophagic impairment in microglia.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of digital orthognathic surgery in the surgical treatment of patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and patients’ satisfaction.Methods:The clinical data of HFM patients admitted to the Department of Orthognathic & Cleft Lip and Palate Plastic Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, from January 2017 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The digital orthognathic surgery was used to design surgical protocols before surgery. The intermediate wafer and terminal wafer by three-dimensional printing were applied to determine the position of maxillary and mandible bone blocks. The distance change between landmarks in maxillary and chin and the reference planes was measured. The skull CT and face photographs were taken 5 days after surgery to compare the distance between the actual position and the designed position. Data were expressed as the Mean±SD and analyzed by the pairing t-test with P<0.05 considered statistically. The patients’ satisfaction was investigated by interval scale method on day 7 and 6 months after operation. Results:There were 9 HFM patients in this study, included 5 men and 4 women, and the average age was 25.8±3.8 years old. 6 patients were affected on the left side and 3 patients was affected on the right side. All the operations were processed successfully. The wafers were in good position that the maxillary and mandible blocks were moved precisely according to the digital design. There were no accidental fractures of the jaw during the operation. The post-operative photographs and CT showed the stomatognathic system recovered well without serious postoperative complications. The errors between postoperative situation and preoperative designed situation in maxillary and chin were no statistically difference ( P>0.05). The maximum movement error of the maxillary bone block was the mark point of the first molar on the left, with an average error of (0.92 ± 0.34) mm. The patients’ satisfaction scores were averaged 83.2±2.7 points on day 7 after surgery, while the score dropped to 73.8±2.5 points after 6 months. Conclusions:The digital orthognathic surgery technology can satisfy the accuracy requirement of the surgical plan design for HFM patients in correcting the deflect of dental middle line, occlusal plane and chin point. High postoperative satisfaction can be achieved, which may decrease slightly 6 months after operation.